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All (9,993) (20 to 30 of 9,993 results)

  • 21. National tourism indicators first quarter 2024
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X20241783389
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 22. Authors’ response to comments on “Handling non-probability samples through inverse probability weighting with an application to Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing data”: Some new developments on likelihood approaches to estimation of participation probabilities for non-probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100001
    Description: Inspired by the two excellent discussions of our paper, we offer some new insights and developments into the problem of estimating participation probabilities for non-probability samples. First, we propose an improvement of the method of Chen, Li and Wu (2020), based on best linear unbiased estimation theory, that more efficiently leverages the available probability and non-probability sample data. We also develop a sample likelihood approach, similar in spirit to the method of Elliott (2009), that properly accounts for the overlap between both samples when it can be identified in at least one of the samples. We use best linear unbiased prediction theory to handle the scenario where the overlap is unknown. Interestingly, our two proposed approaches coincide in the case of unknown overlap. Then, we show that many existing methods can be obtained as a special case of a general unbiased estimating function. Finally, we conclude with some comments on nonparametric estimation of participation probabilities.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 23. Comments by Changbao Wu on “Handling non-probability samples through inverse probability weighting with an application to Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing data”
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100002
    Description: We provide comparisons among three parametric methods for the estimation of participation probabilities and some brief comments on homogeneous groups and post-stratification.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 24. Comments by Julie Gershunskaya and Vladislav Beresovsky on “Handling non-probability samples through inverse probability weighting with an application to Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing data”
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100003
    Description: Beaumont, Bosa, Brennan, Charlebois and Chu (2024) propose innovative model selection approaches for estimation of participation probabilities for non-probability sample units. We focus our discussion on the choice of a likelihood and parameterization of the model, which are key for the effectiveness of the techniques developed in the paper. We consider alternative likelihood and pseudo-likelihood based methods for estimation of participation probabilities and present simulations implementing and comparing the AIC based variable selection. We demonstrate that, under important practical scenarios, the approach based on a likelihood formulated over the observed pooled non-probability and probability samples performed better than the pseudo-likelihood based alternatives. The contrast in sensitivity of the AIC criteria is especially large for small probability sample sizes and low overlap in covariates domains.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 25. Handling non-probability samples through inverse probability weighting with an application to Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100004
    Description: Non-probability samples are being increasingly explored in National Statistical Offices as an alternative to probability samples. However, it is well known that the use of a non-probability sample alone may produce estimates with significant bias due to the unknown nature of the underlying selection mechanism. Bias reduction can be achieved by integrating data from the non-probability sample with data from a probability sample provided that both samples contain auxiliary variables in common. We focus on inverse probability weighting methods, which involve modelling the probability of participation in the non-probability sample. First, we consider the logistic model along with pseudo maximum likelihood estimation. We propose a variable selection procedure based on a modified Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) that properly accounts for the data structure and the probability sampling design. We also propose a simple rank-based method of forming homogeneous post-strata. Then, we extend the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm to this data integration scenario, while again properly accounting for the probability sampling design. A bootstrap variance estimator is proposed that reflects two sources of variability: the probability sampling design and the participation model. Our methods are illustrated using Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing and survey data.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 26. Author’s response to comments on “Exchangeability assumption in propensity-score based adjustment methods for population mean estimation using non-probability samples”
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100005
    Description: In this rejoinder, I address the comments from the discussants, Dr. Takumi Saegusa, Dr. Jae-Kwang Kim and Ms. Yonghyun Kwon. Dr. Saegusa’s comments about the differences between the conditional exchangeability (CE) assumption for causal inferences versus the CE assumption for finite population inferences using nonprobability samples, and the distinction between design-based versus model-based approaches for finite population inference using nonprobability samples, are elaborated and clarified in the context of my paper. Subsequently, I respond to Dr. Kim and Ms. Kwon’s comprehensive framework for categorizing existing approaches for estimating propensity scores (PS) into conditional and unconditional approaches. I expand their simulation studies to vary the sampling weights, allow for misspecified PS models, and include an additional estimator, i.e., scaled adjusted logistic propensity estimator (Wang, Valliant and Li (2021), denoted by sWBS). In my simulations, it is observed that the sWBS estimator consistently outperforms or is comparable to the other estimators under the misspecified PS model. The sWBS, as well as WBS or ABS described in my paper, do not assume that the overlapped units in both the nonprobability and probability reference samples are negligible, nor do they require the identification of overlap units as needed by the estimators proposed by Dr. Kim and Ms. Kwon.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 27. Comments by Takumi Saegusa on “Exchangeability assumption in propensity-score based adjustment methods for population mean estimation using non-probability samples”: Causal inference, non-probability sample, and finite population
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100006
    Description: In some of non-probability sample literature, the conditional exchangeability assumption is considered to be necessary for valid statistical inference. This assumption is rooted in causal inference though its potential outcome framework differs greatly from that of non-probability samples. We describe similarities and differences of two frameworks and discuss issues to consider when adopting the conditional exchangeability assumption in non-probability sample setups. We also discuss the role of finite population inference in different approaches of propensity scores and outcome regression modeling to non-probability samples.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 28. Comments by Jae Kwang Kim and Yonghyun Kwon on “Exchangeability assumption in propensity-score based adjustment methods for population mean estimation using non-probability samples”
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100007
    Description: Pseudo weight construction for data integration can be understood in the two-phase sampling framework. Using the two-phase sampling framework, we discuss two approaches to the estimation of propensity scores and develop a new way to construct the propensity score function for data integration using the conditional maximum likelihood method. Results from a limited simulation study are also presented.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 29. Exchangeability assumption in propensity-score based adjustment methods for population mean estimation using non-probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100008
    Description: Nonprobability samples emerge rapidly to address time-sensitive priority topics in different areas. These data are timely but subject to selection bias. To reduce selection bias, there has been wide literature in survey research investigating the use of propensity-score (PS) adjustment methods to improve the population representativeness of nonprobability samples, using probability-based survey samples as external references. Conditional exchangeability (CE) assumption is one of the key assumptions required by PS-based adjustment methods. In this paper, I first explore the validity of the CE assumption conditional on various balancing score estimates that are used in existing PS-based adjustment methods. An adaptive balancing score is proposed for unbiased estimation of population means. The population mean estimators under the three CE assumptions are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation studies and illustrated using the NIH SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study to estimate the proportion of U.S. adults with COVID-19 antibodies from April 01-August 04, 2020.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 30. Authors’ response to comments on “Exploring the assumption that commercial online nonprobability survey respondents are answering in good faith”
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100009
    Description: Our comments respond to discussion from Sen, Brick, and Elliott. We weigh the potential upside and downside of Sen’s suggestion of using machine learning to identify bogus respondents through interactions and improbable combinations of variables. We join Brick in reflecting on bogus respondents’ impact on the state of commercial nonprobability surveys. Finally, we consider Elliott’s discussion of solutions to the challenge raised in our study.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
Stats in brief (2,664)

Stats in brief (2,664) (0 to 10 of 2,664 results)

Articles and reports (7,006)

Articles and reports (7,006) (0 to 10 of 7,006 results)

  • 1. Airport Activity: Air Carrier Traffic at Canadian Airports, 2023
    Articles and reports: 51-004-X2024001
    Description: This report presents statistics on airline traffic such as the volume of passengers and cargo at Canadian airports.
    Release date: 2024-07-04
  • 2. Heterogeneous causal effects of labour market programs: A machine learning approach Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100017
    Description: In this paper, we look for presence of heterogeneity in conducting impact evaluations of the Skills Development intervention delivered under the Labour Market Development Agreements. We use linked longitudinal administrative data covering a sample of Skills Development participants from 2010 to 2017. We apply a causal machine-learning estimator as in Lechner (2019) to estimate the individualized program impacts at the finest aggregation level. These granular impacts reveal the distribution of net impacts facilitating further investigation as to what works for whom. The findings suggest statistically significant improvements in labour market outcomes for participants overall and for subgroups of policy interest.
    Release date: 2024-06-28
  • 3. Earnings and Wages – A guide to using indicators from the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours and the Labour Force Survey
    Articles and reports: 75-005-M2024002
    Description: Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS) each provide monthly indicators of pay received by employees. Year-over-year variations in average weekly earnings (from SEPH) and average hourly wages (from LFS) provide information on current wage dynamics. This guide provides information to help analysts use each indicator by highlighting their key conceptual and measurement differences. It also outlines possible causes of variations for each indicator and provides general examples of using both measures.
    Release date: 2024-06-27
  • 4. Foreign workers in Canada: Differences in the transition to permanent residency across work permit programs
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600001
    Description: Obtaining a work permit enables foreign nationals to work in Canada temporarily, and for many individuals, this serves as a stepping stone toward obtaining permanent residency (PR). This article examines the recent changes in the transition to PR across work permit programs and immigration pathways for individuals who have made the transition. The analysis focuses on work permit holders who are in Canada for work purposes under either the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) or the International Mobility Program (IMP).
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 5. Retention and recruitment of young skilled minority official language speakers in Canadian provinces
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600002
    Description: Retaining and recruiting young skilled workers are important for any community, but perhaps even more so for communities where the main language spoken is a minority official language. This article informs the issue by calculating the share of youth who grew up in a province and eventually obtained a postsecondary education, but who left to work in another part of the country (termed “skill loss”). Likewise, the article also looks at young postsecondary graduates who entered a province to work, as a share of that province’s initial population of homegrown young postsecondary graduates (termed “skill gain”).
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 6. New businesses since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600003
    Description: Businesses have faced numerous challenges since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health restrictions on business and personal activities aimed at stopping the spread of the virus were associated with a slowing of economic activity. This article examines how new businesses that entered after the beginning of the pandemic fared compared with previous entry cohorts.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 7. Homeowner-renter dwelling, neighbourhood and life satisfaction gaps
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600004
    Description: On average, individuals who own their dwelling report higher satisfaction with their dwelling, neighbourhood and life than renters. These differences may reflect a positive causal impact of ownership on satisfaction. However, these differences could also reflect compositional effects, such as differences in household, dwelling and neighbourhood characteristics. Using the 2021 Canadian Housing Survey, this study provides a comparison of renters’ and owners’ reported dwelling, neighbourhood and life satisfaction accounting for compositional effects.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 8. Socioeconomic profile of working-age immigrants in same-sex couples in Canada from 2000 to 2020
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600005
    Description: Approximately one in four individuals in Canada is currently or has been a landed immigrant or permanent resident. From 2016 to 2021, about 1.3 million new immigrants arrived in Canada and accounted for 80% of the growth in the labour force. Alongside increases in immigrants, there has been a rise in same-sex couples within Canada. This study explores select sociodemographic and economic characteristics of immigrants in same-sex couples compared with their counterparts in opposite-sex couples from 2000 to 2020.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 9. An update on the profile of children with affirmative responses to the 2021 Census questions on difficulties with activities of daily living
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400600006
    Description: This study presents an updated sociodemographic profile of children aged 0 to 14 years with affirmative responses largely based on parent reports to the questions on the 2021 Census long-form questionnaire about difficulties with activities of daily living.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 10. Authors’ response to comments on “Handling non-probability samples through inverse probability weighting with an application to Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing data”: Some new developments on likelihood approaches to estimation of participation probabilities for non-probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100001
    Description: Inspired by the two excellent discussions of our paper, we offer some new insights and developments into the problem of estimating participation probabilities for non-probability samples. First, we propose an improvement of the method of Chen, Li and Wu (2020), based on best linear unbiased estimation theory, that more efficiently leverages the available probability and non-probability sample data. We also develop a sample likelihood approach, similar in spirit to the method of Elliott (2009), that properly accounts for the overlap between both samples when it can be identified in at least one of the samples. We use best linear unbiased prediction theory to handle the scenario where the overlap is unknown. Interestingly, our two proposed approaches coincide in the case of unknown overlap. Then, we show that many existing methods can be obtained as a special case of a general unbiased estimating function. Finally, we conclude with some comments on nonparametric estimation of participation probabilities.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
Journals and periodicals (323)

Journals and periodicals (323) (40 to 50 of 323 results)

  • 41. Juristat Bulletin—Quick Fact
    Journals and periodicals: 85-005-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This publication features short, informative articles focusing on specific justice-related issues. For more in-depth articles on justice in Canada, see also Juristat, Catalogue no. 85-002-X.
    Release date: 2023-12-04
  • 42. VISTA on the Agri-food Industry and the Farm Community
    Journals and periodicals: 21-004-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Each issue contains a short article highlighting statistical insights on themes relating to agriculture, food and rural issues.

    Release date: 2023-11-30
  • 43. Report on Energy Supply and Demand in Canada: Explanatory Information
    Table: 57-003-X
    Description: This publication presents energy balance sheets in natural units and heat equivalents in primary and secondary forms, by province. Each balance sheet shows data on production, trade, interprovincial movements, conversion and consumption by sector. Analytical tables and details on non-energy products are also included. It includes explanatory notes, a historical energy summary table and data analysis. The publication also presents data on natural gas liquids, electricity generated from fossil fuels, solid wood waste and spent pulping liquor.
    Release date: 2023-11-20
  • 44. Census of Population concept videos
    Journals and periodicals: 98-20-0003
    Description: Once every five years, the Census of Population provides a detailed and comprehensive statistical portrait of Canada that is vital to our country. It is the primary source of sociodemographic data for specific population groups such as lone-parent families, Indigenous peoples, immigrants, seniors and language groups.

    In order to help users of census products to better understand the various Census of Population concepts, Statistics Canada has developed, in the context of the activities of the 2021 Census and previous censuses, a collection of short videos. These videos are a reference source for users who are new to census concepts or those who have some experience with these concepts, but may need a refresher or would like to expand their knowledge.

    Release date: 2023-11-15
  • 45. Statistics Canada: Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy, 2023 to 2027
    Journals and periodicals: 45-26-0001
    Description: The Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy (DSDS) outlines departmental actions, with measurable performance indicators, that support the implementation strategies of the 2022-2026 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy. The DSDS further outlines Statistics Canada’s sustainable development vision to produce data to help track whether Canada is moving toward a more sustainable future and highlights projects with links to supporting sustainable development goals.
    Release date: 2023-11-14
  • 46. Household Expenditures Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 62F0026M
    Description: This series provides detailed documentation on the issues, concepts, methodology, data quality and other relevant research related to household expenditures from the Survey of Household Spending, the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey and the Food Expenditure Survey.
    Release date: 2023-10-18
  • 47. Statistical Methodology Research and Development Program Achievements
    Journals and periodicals: 12-206-X
    Description: This report summarizes the annual achievements of the Methodology Research and Development Program (MRDP) sponsored by the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch at Statistics Canada. This program covers research and development activities in statistical methods with potentially broad application in the agency’s statistical programs; these activities would otherwise be less likely to be carried out during the provision of regular methodology services to those programs. The MRDP also includes activities that provide support in the application of past successful developments in order to promote the use of the results of research and development work. Selected prospective research activities are also presented.
    Release date: 2023-10-11
  • 48. Environment Accounts and Statistics Analytical and Technical Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 16-001-M
    Description: The series covers environment accounts and indicators, environmental surveys, spatial environmental information and other research related to environmental statistics. The technical paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a range of environmental topics.
    Release date: 2023-09-13
  • 49. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin
    Journals and periodicals: 21-006-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This series of analytical articles provides insights on the socio-economic environment in rural communities in Canada. New articles will be released periodically.
    Release date: 2023-07-24
  • 50. Data Literacy Training Products
    Journals and periodicals: 89-20-0006
    Description: Statistics Canada is committed to sharing our knowledge and expertise to help all Canadians develop their data literacy skills by developing a series of data literacy training resources. Data literacy is a key skill needed in the 21st century. It is generally described as the ability to derive meaning from data. Data literacy focuses on the competencies or skills involved in working with data, including the ability to read, analyze, interpret, visualize data, as well as to drive good decision-making.
    Release date: 2023-07-17
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