Analysis

This article examines some of the effects of COVID-19 on rural businesses in Canada, with comparison to urban counterparts by industry for contextual support. Topics include business obstacles, expectations for the next year, workforce changes and other subjects from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, fourth quarter of 2021.

Despite the third wave of the pandemic, the trend observed is generally positive in the first half of 2021 for several service industries. Using administrative datasets, such as the goods and services tax (GST) data, this analysis explores the impacts of the pandemic, resiliency and adaptation of a selected group of service industries by comparing GST revenue from the first half of 2021 relative to the same period in 2020.

The Fay-Herriot model is often used to produce small area estimates. These estimates are generally more efficient than standard direct estimates. In order to evaluate the efficiency gains obtained by small area estimation methods, model mean square error estimates are usually produced. However, these estimates do not reflect all the peculiarities of a given domain (or area) because model mean square errors integrate out the local effects. An alternative is to estimate the design mean square error of small area estimators, which is often more attractive from a user point of view. However, it is known that design mean square error estimates can be very unstable, especially for domains with few sampled units. In this paper, we propose two local diagnostics that aim to choose between the empirical best predictor and the direct estimator for a particular domain. We first find an interval for the local effect such that the best predictor is more efficient under the design than the direct estimator. Then, we consider two different approaches to assess whether it is plausible that the local effect falls in this interval. We evaluate our diagnostics using a simulation study. Our preliminary results indicate that our diagnostics are effective for choosing between the empirical best predictor and the direct estimator.

Variance estimation is a challenging problem in surveys because there are several nontrivial factors contributing to the total survey error, including sampling and unit non-response. Initially devised to capture the variance of non-trivial statistics based on independent and identically distributed data, the bootstrap method has since been adapted in various ways to address survey-specific elements/factors. In this paper we look into one of those variants, the with-replacement bootstrap. We consider household surveys, with or without sub-sampling of individuals. We make explicit the benchmark variance estimators that the with-replacement bootstrap aims at reproducing. We explain how the bootstrap can be used to account for the impact sampling, treatment of non-response and calibration have on total survey error. For clarity, the proposed methods are illustrated on a running example. They are evaluated through a simulation study, and applied to a French Panel for Urban Policy. Two SAS macros to perform the bootstrap methods are also developed.

When a survey publishes statistics with a quality indicator, it is usually derived from measures based on sampling theory. The production of quality indicators is a significant challenge when statistics are produced using alternative sources for which no sampling is done. This paper describes a new method used to create a quality indicator that combines indicators obtained at different stages of data processing. An example of the application of the method in the Canadian Housing Statistics Program is provided in the Appendix.

This article analyzes the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy Regional and Community-level Database from a rural business perspective. This database covers the period from October 25, 2020 to January 16, 2021. It is based on Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) microdata and administrative data sources available within Statistics Canada. Topics include number of CEWS supported employees and subsidy amounts in rural areas, comparison of rural and urban businesses, and analysis by industry and province/territory.

This infographic features indicators on apprenticeship programs across Canada. It presents the year-over-year changes in new registrations and certifications amongst trade groups and jurisdictions in 2020. This infographic will also highlight some of the impacts of COVID-19 on apprenticeship programs.

There are important information gaps concerning the prevalence and distribution of infection control practices within workplaces continuing to operate during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine trends in employment, unemployment and labour force participation among Indigenous people in the 18 months following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, by age group, sex, region and occupation, as well as for First Nations people and Métis, are presented.

Statistics Canada continues to use a variety of data sources to provide neighbourhood-level variables across an expanding set of domains, such as sociodemographic characteristics, income, services and amenities, crime, and the environment. Yet, despite these advances, information on the social aspects of neighbourhoods is still unavailable. In this paper, answers to the Canadian Community Health Survey on respondents’ sense of belonging to their local community were pooled over the four survey years from 2016 to 2019. Individual responses were aggregated up to the census tract (CT) level.

This article examines some of the effects of COVID-19 on rural businesses in Canada, with comparison to urban counterparts by industry for contextual support. Topics include business obstacles, expectations for the next year, workforce changes and other subjects from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, fourth quarter of 2021.

This article analyzes the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy Regional and Community-level Database from a rural business perspective. This database covers the period from October 25, 2020 to January 16, 2021. It is based on Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) microdata and administrative data sources available within Statistics Canada. Topics include number of CEWS supported employees and subsidy amounts in rural areas, comparison of rural and urban businesses, and analysis by industry and province/territory.

This infographic features indicators on apprenticeship programs across Canada. It presents the year-over-year changes in new registrations and certifications amongst trade groups and jurisdictions in 2020. This infographic will also highlight some of the impacts of COVID-19 on apprenticeship programs.

This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey to examine trends in employment, unemployment and labour force participation among Indigenous people in the 18 months following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, by age group, sex, region and occupation, as well as for First Nations people and Métis, are presented.

This article examines some of the effects of COVID-19 on rural businesses in Canada, with comparison to urban counterparts by industry for contextual support. Topics include business obstacles, expectations for the next year, workforce changes and other subjects from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, third quarter of 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly disrupted many businesses that create and distribute arts and culture or offer recreational activities. This study looks at preliminary operating revenue estimates and labour-related expenses for the culture, arts, entertainment and recreation sectors in 2020.

Key findings about workplace sexual misconduct in the Canadian provinces are presented in this infographic, including statistics on inappropriate sexualized behaviours and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Data on workers' attitudes about their workplace and about information that they received from their employer are also presented.

This article examines some of the effects of COVID-19 on rural businesses in Canada, with comparison to urban counterparts by industry for contextual support. Topics include business obstacles, expectations for the next year, workforce changes and other subjects from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, second quarter of 2021.

The shift by Canadians to a more physically distanced life resulted in a dramatic reduction in the transmission of COVID-19. However, there are concerns that health behaviours, including physical activity, have consequently changed in ways that will result in an unintended increase in the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer. This study looks at how many Canadians could develop cardiovascular disease over the next three years because of reduced levels of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the behaviours of Canadians, particularly regarding their online activities. Using data from the 2020 Canadian Internet Use Survey, this article examines several Internet-related activities Canadians have done more often during the pandemic.

Despite the third wave of the pandemic, the trend observed is generally positive in the first half of 2021 for several service industries. Using administrative datasets, such as the goods and services tax (GST) data, this analysis explores the impacts of the pandemic, resiliency and adaptation of a selected group of service industries by comparing GST revenue from the first half of 2021 relative to the same period in 2020.

The Fay-Herriot model is often used to produce small area estimates. These estimates are generally more efficient than standard direct estimates. In order to evaluate the efficiency gains obtained by small area estimation methods, model mean square error estimates are usually produced. However, these estimates do not reflect all the peculiarities of a given domain (or area) because model mean square errors integrate out the local effects. An alternative is to estimate the design mean square error of small area estimators, which is often more attractive from a user point of view. However, it is known that design mean square error estimates can be very unstable, especially for domains with few sampled units. In this paper, we propose two local diagnostics that aim to choose between the empirical best predictor and the direct estimator for a particular domain. We first find an interval for the local effect such that the best predictor is more efficient under the design than the direct estimator. Then, we consider two different approaches to assess whether it is plausible that the local effect falls in this interval. We evaluate our diagnostics using a simulation study. Our preliminary results indicate that our diagnostics are effective for choosing between the empirical best predictor and the direct estimator.

Variance estimation is a challenging problem in surveys because there are several nontrivial factors contributing to the total survey error, including sampling and unit non-response. Initially devised to capture the variance of non-trivial statistics based on independent and identically distributed data, the bootstrap method has since been adapted in various ways to address survey-specific elements/factors. In this paper we look into one of those variants, the with-replacement bootstrap. We consider household surveys, with or without sub-sampling of individuals. We make explicit the benchmark variance estimators that the with-replacement bootstrap aims at reproducing. We explain how the bootstrap can be used to account for the impact sampling, treatment of non-response and calibration have on total survey error. For clarity, the proposed methods are illustrated on a running example. They are evaluated through a simulation study, and applied to a French Panel for Urban Policy. Two SAS macros to perform the bootstrap methods are also developed.

When a survey publishes statistics with a quality indicator, it is usually derived from measures based on sampling theory. The production of quality indicators is a significant challenge when statistics are produced using alternative sources for which no sampling is done. This paper describes a new method used to create a quality indicator that combines indicators obtained at different stages of data processing. An example of the application of the method in the Canadian Housing Statistics Program is provided in the Appendix.

There are important information gaps concerning the prevalence and distribution of infection control practices within workplaces continuing to operate during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Statistics Canada continues to use a variety of data sources to provide neighbourhood-level variables across an expanding set of domains, such as sociodemographic characteristics, income, services and amenities, crime, and the environment. Yet, despite these advances, information on the social aspects of neighbourhoods is still unavailable. In this paper, answers to the Canadian Community Health Survey on respondents’ sense of belonging to their local community were pooled over the four survey years from 2016 to 2019. Individual responses were aggregated up to the census tract (CT) level.

The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. PCEIP products include tables, fact sheets, reports and a methodological handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

This document provides descriptive results of the muscle and bone density of the tibia. Descriptive results for lower limb muscle power and force are also presented.

Hypertension is a common condition experienced by close to one-quarter of the adult population in Canada. There is evidence that this condition or the medications used to treat it may lead to hearing health problems. The purpose of this study is to quantify associations between hypertension and hearing health problems—defined as having hearing loss, tinnitus or both conditions for adults aged 19 to 79 years. Data from cycles 3 (2012 to 2013) and 4 (2014 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey are used.

This report presents statistics on airline traffic such as the volume of passengers and cargo at Canadian airports.

This publication provides an overview of the time use of Canadians produced from the 2010 General Social Survey on Time Stress and Well-being. It presents information on participation rates and average amount of time spent on various activities and compares recent data with information obtained from a similar survey conducted in 1998. In addition, it examines Canadians' perceptions of time stress.

This document of fact sheets provides an Aboriginal language profile of Métis, Inuit, and off-reserve First Nations children under the age of six in Canada. The 2006 Aboriginal Children's Survey is used to provide broad indicators of young Aboriginal children's experiences with Aboriginal languages. Data include their ability to speak and understand an Aboriginal language, and their exposure to Aboriginal languages at home and in the community. Family characteristics associated with Aboriginal language knowledge are also presented. Finally, the hopes and expectations of parents regarding their children's acquisition of an Aboriginal language are described.

Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis (RSGA) of the Agriculture Division prepared a series of maps and statistics that show the progression of the 2009 Red River valley flood in Manitoba for the spring of 2009. Starting with an image acquired on March 31, the maps were produced from the analysis of Radarsat-2 satellite image data integrated with 2006 Census of Agriculture data and census geography boundary files. From this analysis, the total area of flooded agriculture land and the number of farmers affected were calculated. A comparison is made with the 1997 flood that occurred in the same region.

This report introduces the Crime Severity Index, a new tool for measuring police-reported crime in Canada that for the first time tracks changes in the severity of crime, not just volume.The report also examines how crime is measured in Canada, as well as recent improvements to statistics on crime that are gathered from the police.

This is an analytical report on Services to Official-Language Minorities by Health Professionals. This report explores the availability of health professionals who can work in either official language to serve the needs of official language minorities and compares the number of those professionals with the distribution of minority and majority populations in each region of the country.

This report provides results of the Health Services Access Survey (HSAS), which is now part of the Canadian Community Health Survey. The HSAS gathers comprehensive and comparable information on the patterns of use of health care services and self-reported difficulties faced by Canadians aged 15 and over in accessing health care. Data are presented for Canada as a whole and by province when sample sizes are sufficient.

Data on waiting times for specialized services such as specialist visits for a new illness or condition, non-emergency surgeries and selected diagnostics tests are also presented.

The purpose of the provincial and territorial reports is to present a summary of demographic, social and economic characteristics of the off reserve Aboriginal population in the Atlantic provinces, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Information on education, residential schools, information technology, employment, mobility and housing, health and language are highlighted. While most of the focus is on adults, there is also information provided on children. Data showing comparisons between Aboriginal groups are provided, as are some comparisons with the non-Aboriginal population. Findings are based on the 2001 Census and the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey.

The International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey, undertaken in 2003, measured the proficiencies of a representative sample of Canadian adults aged 16 and over in four domains: prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy and problem solving, and benchmarked performance against an international standard. The proficiency scores are compared between provinces, territories and nations, and over time. Moreover, literacy performance is examined in relation to differences in variables such as educational attainment, employment and unemployment, earnings and self-assessed health. Analyses of the literacy performance of groups of special interest, including women and men, young adults and seniors, recent and established immigrants, and Aboriginal populations are included.

This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.

This booklet summarizes the key results of the first National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations. These organizations have a significant economic presence and serve as vehicles for citizen engagement. However, many report significant challenges to their capacity to fulfill their missions.