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All (160)

All (160) (0 to 10 of 160 results)

  • 1. A bivariate hierarchical Bayesian model for estimating cropland cash rental rates at the county level
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200002
    Description:

    The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for estimating average cash rental rates at the county level. A cash rental rate refers to the market value of land rented on a per acre basis for cash only. Estimates of cash rental rates are useful to farmers, economists, and policy makers. NASS collects data on cash rental rates using a Cash Rent Survey. Because realized sample sizes at the county level are often too small to support reliable direct estimators, predictors based on mixed models are investigated. We specify a bivariate model to obtain predictors of 2010 cash rental rates for non-irrigated cropland using data from the 2009 Cash Rent Survey and auxiliary variables from external sources such as the 2007 Census of Agriculture. We use Bayesian methods for inference and present results for Iowa, Kansas, and Texas. Incorporating the 2009 survey data through a bivariate model leads to predictors with smaller mean squared errors than predictors based on a univariate model.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 2. On combining independent probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200003
    Description:

    Merging available sources of information is becoming increasingly important for improving estimates of population characteristics in a variety of fields. In presence of several independent probability samples from a finite population we investigate options for a combined estimator of the population total, based on either a linear combination of the separate estimators or on the combined sample approach. A linear combination estimator based on estimated variances can be biased as the separate estimators of the population total can be highly correlated to their respective variance estimators. We illustrate the possibility to use the combined sample to estimate the variances of the separate estimators, which results in general pooled variance estimators. These pooled variance estimators use all available information and have potential to significantly reduce bias of a linear combination of separate estimators.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 3. Bayesian benchmarking of the Fay-Herriot model using random deletion
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200004
    Description:

    Benchmarking lower level estimates to upper level estimates is an important activity at the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) (e.g., benchmarking county estimates to state estimates for corn acreage). Assuming that a county is a small area, we use the original Fay-Herriot model to obtain a general Bayesian method to benchmark county estimates to the state estimate (the target). Here the target is assumed known, and the county estimates are obtained subject to the constraint that these estimates must sum to the target. This is an external benchmarking; it is important for official statistics, not just NASS, and it occurs more generally in small area estimation. One can benchmark these estimates by “deleting” one of the counties (typically the last one) to incorporate the benchmarking constraint into the model. However, it is also true that the estimates may change depending on which county is deleted when the constraint is included in the model. Our current contribution is to give each small area a chance to be deleted, and we call this procedure the random deletion benchmarking method. We show empirically that there are differences in the estimates as to which county is deleted and that there are differences of these estimates from those obtained from random deletion as well. Although these differences may be considered small, it is most sensible to use random deletion because it does not give preferential treatment to any county and it can provide small improvement in precision over deleting the last one benchmarking as well.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 4. The role of social capital and ethnocultural characteristics in the employment income of immigrants over time
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100009
    Description:

    This study examines the impact of social capital and ethnocultural characteristics on the evolution of employment income of a cohort of immigrants who arrived in Canada in 2001, based on two linked datasets: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) and the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB). The study examines the employment income of this cohort in their first 15 years in Canada (i.e., from 2002 to 2016).

    Release date: 2019-06-19
  • 5. Measuring uncertainty associated with model-based small area estimators
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800254958
    Description:

    Domains (or subpopulations) with small sample sizes are called small areas. Traditional direct estimators for small areas do not provide adequate precision because the area-specific sample sizes are small. On the other hand, demand for reliable small area statistics has greatly increased. Model-based indirect estimators of small area means or totals are currently used to address difficulties with direct estimation. These estimators are based on linking models that borrow information across areas to increase the efficiency. In particular, empirical best (EB) estimators under area level and unit level linear regression models with random small area effects have received a lot of attention in the literature. Model mean squared error (MSE) of EB estimators is often used to measure the variability of the estimators. Linearization-based estimators of model MSE as well as jackknife and bootstrap estimators are widely used. On the other hand, National Statistical Agencies are often interested in estimating the design MSE of EB estimators in line with traditional design MSE estimators associated with direct estimators for large areas with adequate sample sizes. Estimators of design MSE of EB estimators can be obtained for area level models but they tend to be unstable when the area sample size is small. Composite MSE estimators are proposed in this paper and they are obtained by taking a weighted sum of the design MSE estimator and the model MSE estimator. Properties of the MSE estimators under the area level model are studied in terms of design bias, relative root mean squared error and coverage rate of confidence intervals. The case of a unit level model is also examined under simple random sampling within each area. Results of a simulation study show that the proposed composite MSE estimators provide a good compromise in estimating the design MSE.

    Release date: 2018-12-20
  • 6. Criteria for choosing between calibration weighting and survey weighting
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800254960
    Description:

    Based on auxiliary information, calibration is often used to improve the precision of estimates. However, calibration weighting may not be appropriate for all variables of interest of the survey, particularly those not related to the auxiliary variables used in calibration. In this paper, we propose a criterion to assess, for any variable of interest, the impact of calibration weighting on the precision of the estimated total. This criterion can be used to decide on the weights associated with each survey variable of interest and determine the variables for which calibration weighting is appropriate.

    Release date: 2018-12-20
  • 7. Changes in new home prices, Canada and select census metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 89-28-0001201800100008
    Description:

    This edition presents changes in new home prices for Canada and select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) between August 2017 and August 2018. During this period, Canadians experienced rising mortgage rates, tighter lending rules and some provincial policy interventions.

    Release date: 2018-10-31
  • 8. Sleep Apnea in Canada, 2016 and 2017
    Articles and reports: 82-625-X201800154979
    Description:

    This is a health fact sheet about sleep apnea among Canadians 18 to 79 years of age. The results are based on data from cycle 5 (2016-2017) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

    Release date: 2018-10-24
  • 9. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with thyroid cancer risk in Canada
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201801000001
    Description:

    Using the 1991 and 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs), this study examines thyroid cancer incidence over nine years of follow up; presents estimates of the sex-specific relative risk of thyroid cancer according to age, immigrant status, ethnicity, educational attainment and family income; and examines whether these relative risks changed over time.

    Release date: 2018-10-17
  • 10. Progress in net cancer survival in Canada over 20 years
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201800900002
    Description:

    This report provides predicted estimates of net survival (NS) for the 2012 to 2014 period. NS estimates for durations of 1, 5 and 10 years are derived for 30 of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in people aged 15 to 99. Five-year age-standardized and age-specific estimates for 2012 to 2014 are compared with corresponding figures for cases diagnosed 20 years previously.

    Release date: 2018-09-19
Stats in brief (12)

Stats in brief (12) (0 to 10 of 12 results)

  • 1. Inorganic-related arsenic concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015
    Stats in brief: 82-625-X201800154918
    Description:

    Cycle 4 (2014 and 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), measured the concentrations of the inorganic-related arsenic species (arsenate, arsenite, DMA and MMA) in the urine of approximately 2500 Canadians aged 3 to 79. Results were reported in micrograms of arsenic per litre (µg As/L).

    Release date: 2018-02-22
  • 2. Paraben concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015
    Stats in brief: 82-625-X201800154919
    Description:

    In 2014 and 2015, the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) measured the concentrations of parabens (including methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, and butyl paraben) in the urine of approximately 2500 Canadians aged 3 to 79. Results were reported in micrograms per litre (µg/L).

    Release date: 2018-02-22
  • 3. Age-specific patterns in the incidence of, and survival from, pancreatic cancer in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 82-624-X201700114799
    Description:

    This article examines age-specific patterns in the national rates of newly diagnosed cases of pancreatic cancer. Age-specific measures of survival from pancreatic cancer are also examined.

    Release date: 2017-04-26
  • 4. Updating the standard population and its effect on cancer incidence and mortality rates Archived
    Stats in brief: 82-624-X201600114667
    Description:

    This article describes the impact on age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality rates of an update to the standard population used to derive them. The impact is assessed by cancer type and by province for 2012, and on trends in cancer rates from 1992 to 2012. Data are from the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database.

    Release date: 2016-10-20
  • 5. Scientific and Technological Activities of Provincial Governments and Provincial Research Organizations, 2003/2004 to 2007/2008 Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200900711026
    Description:

    The information in this document is intended primarily to be used by scientific and technological (S&T) policy makers, both federal and provincial, largely as a basis for inter-provincial and inter-sectoral comparisons. The statistics are aggregates of the provincial government and provincial research organization science surveys conducted by Statistics Canada under contract with the provinces, and cover the period 2002/2003 to 2006/2007.

    Release date: 2009-11-20
  • 6. Industrial research and development, 2004 to 2008 Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200800510678
    Description:

    This service bulletin contains historical and current data on research and development (R&D) expenditures and personnel in Canada, by industry. In Canada, the industrial or business enterprise sector is the largest R&D performer.

    Release date: 2008-09-05
  • 7. Estimates of research and development expenditures in the higher education, 2006/2007 Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200800410668
    Description:

    The higher education sector is composed of all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of postsecondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with higher education establishments.

    Release date: 2008-08-14
  • 8. Research and development (R&D) personnel in Canada, 1996 to 2005 Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200800110603
    Description:

    Canada's economic competitiveness depends on scientific and technological development and also on the people responsible for this development, especially those engaged in R&D. In an earlier Science statistics bulletin, we published the gross domestic expenditures on R&D in Canada (GERD). This issue presents a supplementary measure to the GERD, the number of personnel who perform Canada's R&D activities.

    Release date: 2008-05-06
  • 9. Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development, 2007 intentions Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200700810387
    Description:

    Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) represents total research and development (R&D) expenditures performed in a country's national territory during a given year. GERD includes R&D performed within a country and funded from abroad but excludes payments sent abroad for R&D performed in other countries.

    Release date: 2007-12-20
  • 10. Estimation of research and development expenditures in the higher education sector, 2005/2006 Archived
    Stats in brief: 88-001-X200700410310
    Description:

    The higher education sector is composed of all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of postsecondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operating under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with higher education establishments.

    Release date: 2007-08-31
Articles and reports (145)

Articles and reports (145) (0 to 10 of 145 results)

  • 1. A bivariate hierarchical Bayesian model for estimating cropland cash rental rates at the county level
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200002
    Description:

    The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for estimating average cash rental rates at the county level. A cash rental rate refers to the market value of land rented on a per acre basis for cash only. Estimates of cash rental rates are useful to farmers, economists, and policy makers. NASS collects data on cash rental rates using a Cash Rent Survey. Because realized sample sizes at the county level are often too small to support reliable direct estimators, predictors based on mixed models are investigated. We specify a bivariate model to obtain predictors of 2010 cash rental rates for non-irrigated cropland using data from the 2009 Cash Rent Survey and auxiliary variables from external sources such as the 2007 Census of Agriculture. We use Bayesian methods for inference and present results for Iowa, Kansas, and Texas. Incorporating the 2009 survey data through a bivariate model leads to predictors with smaller mean squared errors than predictors based on a univariate model.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 2. On combining independent probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200003
    Description:

    Merging available sources of information is becoming increasingly important for improving estimates of population characteristics in a variety of fields. In presence of several independent probability samples from a finite population we investigate options for a combined estimator of the population total, based on either a linear combination of the separate estimators or on the combined sample approach. A linear combination estimator based on estimated variances can be biased as the separate estimators of the population total can be highly correlated to their respective variance estimators. We illustrate the possibility to use the combined sample to estimate the variances of the separate estimators, which results in general pooled variance estimators. These pooled variance estimators use all available information and have potential to significantly reduce bias of a linear combination of separate estimators.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 3. Bayesian benchmarking of the Fay-Herriot model using random deletion
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900200004
    Description:

    Benchmarking lower level estimates to upper level estimates is an important activity at the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS) (e.g., benchmarking county estimates to state estimates for corn acreage). Assuming that a county is a small area, we use the original Fay-Herriot model to obtain a general Bayesian method to benchmark county estimates to the state estimate (the target). Here the target is assumed known, and the county estimates are obtained subject to the constraint that these estimates must sum to the target. This is an external benchmarking; it is important for official statistics, not just NASS, and it occurs more generally in small area estimation. One can benchmark these estimates by “deleting” one of the counties (typically the last one) to incorporate the benchmarking constraint into the model. However, it is also true that the estimates may change depending on which county is deleted when the constraint is included in the model. Our current contribution is to give each small area a chance to be deleted, and we call this procedure the random deletion benchmarking method. We show empirically that there are differences in the estimates as to which county is deleted and that there are differences of these estimates from those obtained from random deletion as well. Although these differences may be considered small, it is most sensible to use random deletion because it does not give preferential treatment to any county and it can provide small improvement in precision over deleting the last one benchmarking as well.

    Release date: 2019-06-27
  • 4. The role of social capital and ethnocultural characteristics in the employment income of immigrants over time
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100009
    Description:

    This study examines the impact of social capital and ethnocultural characteristics on the evolution of employment income of a cohort of immigrants who arrived in Canada in 2001, based on two linked datasets: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) and the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB). The study examines the employment income of this cohort in their first 15 years in Canada (i.e., from 2002 to 2016).

    Release date: 2019-06-19
  • 5. Measuring uncertainty associated with model-based small area estimators
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800254958
    Description:

    Domains (or subpopulations) with small sample sizes are called small areas. Traditional direct estimators for small areas do not provide adequate precision because the area-specific sample sizes are small. On the other hand, demand for reliable small area statistics has greatly increased. Model-based indirect estimators of small area means or totals are currently used to address difficulties with direct estimation. These estimators are based on linking models that borrow information across areas to increase the efficiency. In particular, empirical best (EB) estimators under area level and unit level linear regression models with random small area effects have received a lot of attention in the literature. Model mean squared error (MSE) of EB estimators is often used to measure the variability of the estimators. Linearization-based estimators of model MSE as well as jackknife and bootstrap estimators are widely used. On the other hand, National Statistical Agencies are often interested in estimating the design MSE of EB estimators in line with traditional design MSE estimators associated with direct estimators for large areas with adequate sample sizes. Estimators of design MSE of EB estimators can be obtained for area level models but they tend to be unstable when the area sample size is small. Composite MSE estimators are proposed in this paper and they are obtained by taking a weighted sum of the design MSE estimator and the model MSE estimator. Properties of the MSE estimators under the area level model are studied in terms of design bias, relative root mean squared error and coverage rate of confidence intervals. The case of a unit level model is also examined under simple random sampling within each area. Results of a simulation study show that the proposed composite MSE estimators provide a good compromise in estimating the design MSE.

    Release date: 2018-12-20
  • 6. Criteria for choosing between calibration weighting and survey weighting
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800254960
    Description:

    Based on auxiliary information, calibration is often used to improve the precision of estimates. However, calibration weighting may not be appropriate for all variables of interest of the survey, particularly those not related to the auxiliary variables used in calibration. In this paper, we propose a criterion to assess, for any variable of interest, the impact of calibration weighting on the precision of the estimated total. This criterion can be used to decide on the weights associated with each survey variable of interest and determine the variables for which calibration weighting is appropriate.

    Release date: 2018-12-20
  • 7. Changes in new home prices, Canada and select census metropolitan areas
    Articles and reports: 89-28-0001201800100008
    Description:

    This edition presents changes in new home prices for Canada and select census metropolitan areas (CMAs) between August 2017 and August 2018. During this period, Canadians experienced rising mortgage rates, tighter lending rules and some provincial policy interventions.

    Release date: 2018-10-31
  • 8. Sleep Apnea in Canada, 2016 and 2017
    Articles and reports: 82-625-X201800154979
    Description:

    This is a health fact sheet about sleep apnea among Canadians 18 to 79 years of age. The results are based on data from cycle 5 (2016-2017) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey.

    Release date: 2018-10-24
  • 9. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with thyroid cancer risk in Canada
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201801000001
    Description:

    Using the 1991 and 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs), this study examines thyroid cancer incidence over nine years of follow up; presents estimates of the sex-specific relative risk of thyroid cancer according to age, immigrant status, ethnicity, educational attainment and family income; and examines whether these relative risks changed over time.

    Release date: 2018-10-17
  • 10. Progress in net cancer survival in Canada over 20 years
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X201800900002
    Description:

    This report provides predicted estimates of net survival (NS) for the 2012 to 2014 period. NS estimates for durations of 1, 5 and 10 years are derived for 30 of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in people aged 15 to 99. Five-year age-standardized and age-specific estimates for 2012 to 2014 are compared with corresponding figures for cases diagnosed 20 years previously.

    Release date: 2018-09-19
Journals and periodicals (3)

Journals and periodicals (3) ((3 results))

  • 1. Cornerstones of Community: Highlights from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations Archived
    Journals and periodicals: 61-533-X
    Description:

    This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.

    Release date: 2005-06-30
  • 2. Summary of the Findings of the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations Archived
    Journals and periodicals: 61-533-S
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This booklet summarizes the key results of the first National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations. These organizations have a significant economic presence and serve as vehicles for citizen engagement. However, many report significant challenges to their capacity to fulfill their missions.

    Release date: 2005-03-11
  • 3. Beyond the Information Highway Networked Canada (Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) Compendium) Archived
    Journals and periodicals: 56-504-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Networked Canada is the first comprehensive compendium to be published by Statistics Canada on the information and communications technologies (ICT) sector. The compendium has been designed as a profile of the information society, focusing on current trends, as well as an historical overview of the growth and development of the Canadian ICT sector industries. The publication contains two main parts. The first provides a statistical overview of the ICT sector on the basis of key economic variables, including production, employment, international trade, revenue and R&D expenditure. A summary of international ICT sector comparisons for selected variables, using recent data published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is also included here. The ever widening use of, and access to ICTs in the home, at work, in schools and by governments is examined in the second part.

    Many different data sources have been used throughout the project, and while all efforts have been made to maximize the amount of data available, it has not been possible in all instances to consistently report for all ICT industries and all relevant variables. The conversion to the new North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) has largely contributed to these difficulties, and it is expected that a greater range of data will be available once all of the survey programs begin reporting on the basis of this new industry classification.

    Release date: 2001-04-27
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