Analysis

Description: This paper investigates whether survey data quality fluctuates over the day. After laying out the argument theoretically, panel data from the Survey of Unemployed Workers in New Jersey are analyzed. Several indirect indicators of response error are investigated, including item nonresponse, interview completion time, rounding, and measures of the quality of time diary data. The evidence that we assemble for a time of day of interview effect is weak or nonexistent. Item nonresponse and the probability that interview completion time is among the 5% shortest appear to increase in the evening, but a more thorough assessment requires instrumental variables.

Description: Rising housing costs have had an impact on the ability of families to move. This article, using data from the Canadian Social Survey (CSS), illustrates how higher prices have disproportionately affected the moving decisions of young Canadians, particularly those experiencing financial hardship.

Description: As the economic landscape evolves, and with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic reshaping business environments, it is essential to support evidence-based policymaking and to develop inclusive strategies that foster growth and resilience within the Indigenous business sector. Funded by Indigenous Services Canada, this study is an update to previous research that provides an overview of Indigenous-owned businesses in Canada.

Description: Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems. Using data from eight cycles of the annual Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)—2015 to 2022, this study examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anxiety disorders among older Canadians (65 years or older), with a particular focus on Indigenous and racialized population groups.

Description: This paper examines households with multiple maintainers. A household maintainer is a person who contributes financially to housing costs. First, it examines the overall prevalence of multiple-maintainer households. Then, it examines the differences between maintainers in a household. Lastly, because homeownership rates by age are common household statistics, the robustness of those results is explored through simulations using the age of different household maintainers.

Description: Using police-reported data from the 2023 Homicide Survey, this infographic is a visual representation of some of these data. Findings include results at the national, provincial and territorial levels. Also included are findings related to the characteristics of victims as well as the prevalence of gang-related and firearm-related homicides.

Description: The strategies used by cyber attackers are getting more complex. Many of us are inundated with what feels like never-ending phishing emails, scam text messages and fraudulent phone calls. It’s rare to talk to someone who hasn’t experienced some form of a cyber attack. The situation is no different for Canadian businesses. Identity theft, scams, fraud and ransomware are some of the ways bad actors are targeting businesses today. We wanted to know: Is cyber crime on the rise in Canada? What is the relatively new phenomenon of cyber risk insurance? And in what way are consumers affected when a business experiences an security breach? The Canadian Survey of Cyber Security and Cyber Crime has published new data and in this episode, we sat down with Howard Bilodeau, an economist at Statistics Canada to answer our questions about how cyber security is changing for businesses and what it means for the rest of us.

Description: This article examines the profile and role of real estate investors among property buyers in three provinces, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and British Columbia. The analysis covers market sales of residential property in 2018, 2019 and 2020. This analysis provides insight into the relative importance of investors among buyers prior to the pandemic and in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research builds upon earlier work that focused on investor ownership in the overall housing stock.

Description: This paper proposes a method of producing preliminary Market Basket Measure (MBM) poverty estimates up to seven months before the official release by using preliminary tax slips, while ensuring the estimates maintain reasonable revision and accuracy levels. Following the release of this paper, Statistics Canada will continue to provide preliminary poverty estimates each fall following the reference year using the methodology described in this paper. The official poverty estimates will continue to be released in the spring of the second year after the reference year.

Description: The Spatial Access Measures are a set of indicators that quantify the ease of reaching destinations of varying levels of attractiveness from an origin dissemination block. There are seven destination amenities which include educational and post-secondary educational facilities, health care facilities, places of employment, grocery stores, cultural and arts facilities, and sports and recreational facilities. For each amenity, there are four variants based on the transportation mode: access via public transit during peak hours, access via public transit during off-peak hours, access via cycling, and access via walking.

Description: Using police-reported data from the 2023 Homicide Survey, this infographic is a visual representation of some of these data. Findings include results at the national, provincial and territorial levels. Also included are findings related to the characteristics of victims as well as the prevalence of gang-related and firearm-related homicides.

Description: The strategies used by cyber attackers are getting more complex. Many of us are inundated with what feels like never-ending phishing emails, scam text messages and fraudulent phone calls. It’s rare to talk to someone who hasn’t experienced some form of a cyber attack. The situation is no different for Canadian businesses. Identity theft, scams, fraud and ransomware are some of the ways bad actors are targeting businesses today. We wanted to know: Is cyber crime on the rise in Canada? What is the relatively new phenomenon of cyber risk insurance? And in what way are consumers affected when a business experiences an security breach? The Canadian Survey of Cyber Security and Cyber Crime has published new data and in this episode, we sat down with Howard Bilodeau, an economist at Statistics Canada to answer our questions about how cyber security is changing for businesses and what it means for the rest of us.

Description: As we begin to use these new versions of AI, our jobs are destined to change. So, what will an average day of work look like a decade from now? Which jobs will AI impact the most? And is AI coming to replace our jobs all together? In this episode, we sat down with AI expert Tahsin Mehdi, an economist in the social analysis and modeling division of Statistics Canada, to answer our questions about how AI will transform our work lives in Canada.

Description: This presentation explores linkages between innovation, technology adoption and productivity. It highlights recent estimates of labour and multifactor productivity growth, drawing on recent surveys that can be used to profile the innovation and technological stance of Canadian businesses. It is intended to support ongoing research on the competitiveness of Canada’s economy.

Description: This infographic provides details about the number of graduates and median employment income two years after graduation for international postsecondary students, by educational qualification and field of study.

Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.

Description: The Quality of Life Framework includes indicators that are meaningful in measuring a person's happiness and well-being like life satisfaction, for instance. Using data from Wave 10 of the Canadian Social Survey (collected from July 14, 2023 to September 07, 2023), this infographic looks at levels of life satisfaction amongst the Canadian population aged 15 years and older in Canada's 10 provinces. Survey respondents were asked: "Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means 'Very dissatisfied' and 10 means 'Very satisfied,' how do you feel about your life as a whole right now?"

Description: This infographic focuses on sports participation, based on data from the Survey Series on People and their Communities - Sport, Workplace Culture, Political Engagement and Shared Values collected from May to July 2023. The infographic presents data for the population aged 15 years and older on sport participation rates, the most popular sports, barriers to sport participation and reasons to participate in sports. This project falls under the Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP) and aims to showcase data on sports participation among racialized individuals and immigrants.

Description: The following presentation uses recently disaggregated macroeconomic accounts data to explore the contribution of housing to the accumulation of wealth and debt for Canadian families.

Description: This presentation provides a summary of recent trends relating to economic growth, inflation and affordability. It highlights examples of current economic pressures and potential challenges.

Description: This paper investigates whether survey data quality fluctuates over the day. After laying out the argument theoretically, panel data from the Survey of Unemployed Workers in New Jersey are analyzed. Several indirect indicators of response error are investigated, including item nonresponse, interview completion time, rounding, and measures of the quality of time diary data. The evidence that we assemble for a time of day of interview effect is weak or nonexistent. Item nonresponse and the probability that interview completion time is among the 5% shortest appear to increase in the evening, but a more thorough assessment requires instrumental variables.

Description: Rising housing costs have had an impact on the ability of families to move. This article, using data from the Canadian Social Survey (CSS), illustrates how higher prices have disproportionately affected the moving decisions of young Canadians, particularly those experiencing financial hardship.

Description: As the economic landscape evolves, and with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic reshaping business environments, it is essential to support evidence-based policymaking and to develop inclusive strategies that foster growth and resilience within the Indigenous business sector. Funded by Indigenous Services Canada, this study is an update to previous research that provides an overview of Indigenous-owned businesses in Canada.

Description: Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health problems. Using data from eight cycles of the annual Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)—2015 to 2022, this study examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with, anxiety disorders among older Canadians (65 years or older), with a particular focus on Indigenous and racialized population groups.

Description: This paper examines households with multiple maintainers. A household maintainer is a person who contributes financially to housing costs. First, it examines the overall prevalence of multiple-maintainer households. Then, it examines the differences between maintainers in a household. Lastly, because homeownership rates by age are common household statistics, the robustness of those results is explored through simulations using the age of different household maintainers.

Description: This article examines the profile and role of real estate investors among property buyers in three provinces, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and British Columbia. The analysis covers market sales of residential property in 2018, 2019 and 2020. This analysis provides insight into the relative importance of investors among buyers prior to the pandemic and in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research builds upon earlier work that focused on investor ownership in the overall housing stock.

Description: This paper proposes a method of producing preliminary Market Basket Measure (MBM) poverty estimates up to seven months before the official release by using preliminary tax slips, while ensuring the estimates maintain reasonable revision and accuracy levels. Following the release of this paper, Statistics Canada will continue to provide preliminary poverty estimates each fall following the reference year using the methodology described in this paper. The official poverty estimates will continue to be released in the spring of the second year after the reference year.

Description: The Spatial Access Measures are a set of indicators that quantify the ease of reaching destinations of varying levels of attractiveness from an origin dissemination block. There are seven destination amenities which include educational and post-secondary educational facilities, health care facilities, places of employment, grocery stores, cultural and arts facilities, and sports and recreational facilities. For each amenity, there are four variants based on the transportation mode: access via public transit during peak hours, access via public transit during off-peak hours, access via cycling, and access via walking.

Description: This paper details the outreach and engagement activities undertaken since the launch of the third comprehensive review of Market Basket Measure (MBM) in June 2023, and provides a summary of what Statistics Canada and Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) heard during this period. It also outlines the next steps of the review process which will lead to the creation of the 2023-base methodology.

Description: This article provides an integrated summary of recent changes in output, consumer prices, employment, and household finances. It highlights changes in the economic data during the first half of 2024 and into the summer months. The article also examines how economic conditions have changed as borrowing costs continue to evolve.

Description:

This document of fact sheets provides an early learning profile of Métis, Inuit, and off-reserve First Nations children under the age of six in Canada. The 2006 Aboriginal Children's Survey is used to provide broad indicators of young Aboriginal children's experiences with learning. Data include how they learn about words and traditional activities and who helps them learn. Family characteristics associated with participation in early learning activities are also presented.

Description:

This report offers highlights from the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating (CSGVP) which was undertaken to better understand how Canadians support individuals and communities on their own or through their involvement with charitable and non-profit organizations. For this survey, thousands of Canadians aged 15 and over were asked how they: gave money and other resources to individuals and to organizations; volunteered time to help others and to enhance their communities; and participated in the practices which help give substance to active citizenship. The results from this survey allow this report to tell a story about who Canada's volunteers and charitable donors are and the ways in which they contribute to our society.

Description:

Beginning in late 2006, the Social and Aboriginal Statistics Division of Statistics Canada embarked on the process of review of questions used in the Census and in surveys to produce data about Aboriginal peoples (North American Indian, Métis and Inuit). This process is essential to ensure that Aboriginal identification questions are valid measures of contemporary Aboriginal identification, in all its complexity. Questions reviewed included the following (from the Census 2B questionnaire):- the Ethnic origin / Aboriginal ancestry question;- the Aboriginal identity question;- the Treaty / Registered Indian question; and- the Indian band / First Nation Membership question.

Additional testing was conducted on Census questions with potential Aboriginal response options: the population group question (also known as visible minorities), and the Religion question. The review process to date has involved two major steps: regional discussions with data users and stakeholders, and qualitative testing. The regional discussions with over 350 users of Aboriginal data across Canada were held in early 2007 to examine the four questions used on the Census and other surveys of Statistics Canada. Data users included National Aboriginal organizations, Aboriginal Provincial and Territorial Organizations, Federal, Provincial and local governments, researchers and Aboriginal service organizations. User feedback showed that main areas of concern were data quality, undercoverage, the wording of questions, and the importance of comparability over time.

Description:

This report summarizes the main issues raised in these meetings. Four questions used to identify Aboriginal people from the Census and surveys were considered in the discussions.Statistics Canada regularly reviews the questions used on the Census and other surveys to ensure that the resulting data are representative of the population. As a first step in the process to review the questions used to produce data about First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations, regional discussions were held with more than 350 users of Aboriginal data in over 40 locations across Canada during the winter, spring and early summer of 2007.

This report summarizes the main issues raised in these meetings. Four questions used to identify Aboriginal people from the Census and surveys were considered in the discussions.

Description:

Immigrants to Canada must face numerous difficulties during their first years in the country, the two most important being to find an appropriate job and language barrier. But does a better knowledge of official languages increase the chances for an immigrant of occupying a high-skilled job, a job in the intended occupation, a job similar to the one they had before immigrating, a job related to their training or field of study, or to have a higher hourly rate?

In an attempt to answer this question, the data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) were used. In the LSIC, a cohort of immigrants was interviewed at three points in time being 6 months, 2 years and 4 years after arrival in the country. For this study, we used the information about the job occupied at the time of each interview, as well as the English and French self-assessed spoken ability levels at each of these moments.

Description:

This paper uses three cycles of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) to examine whether parental labour market participation and the use of substitute child-care influence the development of the skills needed by pre-school-aged children in order to begin school. The analysis in this paper is based on the arguments that parent-child interaction fosters the development of the skills needed by pre-school-aged children in order to begin school successfully, and that full-time participation in the work force by lone parents (in one-parent families) and by both parents (in dual-parent families) often results in comparatively less time for parent-child interaction than in families with a stay-at-home parent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether reductions in parental time spent with children as a result of work outside the home impact the intellectual development of young children.

The study indicates that parental participation in the labour market has little effect on the school readiness scores of most pre-school-aged children. However, children's school readiness does appear to be influenced by parental labour market participation if the parents exhibit above-average parenting skills and levels of parental education. Children of mothers who display above-average parenting skills and higher levels of education tend to benefit slightly when their mothers do not work outside the home. Likewise, children of fathers with above-average education exhibit slightly higher cognitive outcomes if their fathers work part time.

Although the author finds that there is no association between the number of hours that children spend in child care and their level of school readiness, the study does observe that among pre-school children in substitute child-care, those who come from higher-income families tend to score higher on the school readiness tests than do children from lower-income families. This finding may be attributed to the possibility that children in higher-income families are exposed to a higher quality of substitute child-care, or it may be attributed simply to the advantages of growing up in a family with greater resources.

Description:

The objective of this working paper series is to analyse the comparability of surveys conducted by Statistics Canada on smoking, to highlight the changes in the data among data years and to illustrate their statistical significance. The aim is to clarify any confusion regarding comparability of survey estimates of smoking prevalence and daily cigarette consumption over this period, as well as to provide the user-requested data in a technical but understandable format.

Description:

A comparison of crime rates between Canada and the United States is often sought by the media, researchers, and policy makers. Recognizing this demand, along with the methodological complexities, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics has undertaken the task of assessing the feasibility of comparing police reported statistics between these two countries. This report compares and contrasts the specific offence definitions, classification, and scoring rules of the Canadian and American Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) surveys. Offences are organized according to the type of survey (aggregate versus incident based) and level of analysis (incident level and accused level). Where applicable, the discussion notes modifications that could allow for reliable cross-national comparisons. The report also briefly discusses the potential of comparing detailed offence characteristics.

Description:

This study investigates the determinants of failure for new Canadian firms. It explores the role that certain factors play in conditioning the likelihood of survival - factors related to industry structure, firm demographics and macroeconomic cycles. It asks whether the determinants of failure are different for new start-ups than for firms that have reached adolescence, and if the magnitude of these differences is economically significant. It examines whether, after controlling for certain influences, failure rates differ across industries and provinces.

Two themes figure prominently in this analysis. The first is the impact that certain industry characteristics - such as average firm size and concentration - have on the entry/exit process, either through their influence on failure costs or on the intensity of competition. The second centres on how the dimensions of failure evolve over time as new firms gain market experience.

Description:

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics has prepared a report on the use of remand in Canada. Remand refers to persons who have been charged with an offence and ordered by the court to custody while awaiting a further court appearance. This report uses data from the Adult Correctional Services (ACS) survey to assess the trends in remand admissions, sentence lengths, and average daily counts of remand inmates in provincial/territorial correctional facilities between 1988-89 and 1997-98. Characteristics of remand inmates (e.g., age, gender, marital status, level of education, employment), offences and criminal history were studied using data from the One-Day Snapshot report (a census of inmates on-register in adult correctional facilities on midnight Saturday October 5th 1996). Characteristics and offences of youth on remand in 1997-98 were also examined using data from the Youth Custody and Community Services (YCCS) survey. Trends in the average counts of youth on remand between 1988-89 and 1997-98 are presented using data from the Corrections Key Indicator Report. Appendices include graphs of admissions and average daily counts for each province and territory.