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All (196) (0 to 10 of 196 results)

  • 1. Exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 2. Variance of the generalized regression estimator under measurement error
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100010
    Description: With the exception of two-phase sampling, the standard variance approximation of the generalized regression (GREG) estimator assumes that the population totals in the weighting scheme are observed without error. If the weighting model of the GREG estimator contains population totals that are observed with measurement error sources other than the sampling error of first-phase estimates, then this uncertainty will be ignored by the variance approximation of the GREG estimator. This paper proposes a variance approximation for the GREG estimator that accounts for additional uncertainty arising from measurement error in one or more of the population totals used in the weighting scheme. This approach has been developed for, and is being applied to, the Dutch Labour Force Survey (DLFS). The monthly publications of the DLFS are obtained with a time series model, which corrects for rotation group bias and discontinuities caused by major redesigns and the loss of face-to-face interviews during COVID-19. The GREG estimates for the quarterly figures are benchmarked to the average of the monthly publications to enforce numerical consistency between monthly and quarterly publication tables. The standard variance approximation of the GREG estimator assumes that these population totals are observed without error. This results in an underestimation of the variance of the GREG estimator. The variance approximation proposed in this paper results in more realistic standard errors for the quarterly GREG estimates.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 3. New Housing Market Report, 2025: Experimental estimates
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2026002
    Description: The New Housing Market Report (NHMR) provides a quarterly snapshot of the new housing market in Canada. The report was designed to be used by economists, builders, developers, policymakers, as well as Canadians to evaluate the new housing market. Due to the level of geographic detail provided, and the sensitivity to changes in supply and demand, the NHMR series would be of particular interest to the real estate industry for comparison with the resale market statistics.

    The NHMR measures the average quarterly price for all dwelling types listed or sold in Canada. The report covers both single family (detached, semi detached, and row) and multi-family dwelling types.
    Release date: 2026-06-17
  • 4. Technical guide for the New Housing Market Report: 2025 update
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2026003
    Description: This technical guide presents the data sources and methodology for the New Housing Market Report (NHMR). The NHMR provides a quarterly snapshot of the new housing market in Canada. The report was designed to be used by economists, builders, developers, policymakers, as well as Canadians to evaluate the new housing market. Due to the level of geographic detail provided, and the sensitivity to changes in supply and demand, the NHMR series would be of particular interest to the real estate industry for comparison with the resale market statistics. 

    The NHMR measures the average quarterly price for all dwelling types listed or sold in Canada. The report covers both single family (single-detached, semi-detached, and row houses) and condominium apartment dwelling types.
    Release date: 2026-06-17
  • 5. Racialized groups who have a regular health care provider: An overview
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600100005
    Description: The article examines the prevalence of having a regular health care provider (RHCP) among the seven largest racialized groups in Canada. Specifically, using data from the 2024 Canadian Community Health Survey, the article shows how the proportion of people who have an RHCP differs between and within the racialized populations and the non-racialized and non-Indigenous population and varies across racialized groups based on demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, immigrant status, immigration period and provincial region.
    Release date: 2026-04-22
  • 6. Validating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for the positive mental health surveillance of adults in Canada
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600300002
    Description: The accurate monitoring of population mental health requires repeated assessments using valid and reliable measures. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and its short form (SWEMWBS) are widely used positive mental health (PMH) measures. This study used cross-sectional data from the 2024 Canadian Community Health Survey – Rapid Response on Sleep Quality and Positive Mental Health to test the validity of the WEMWBS and the SWEMWBS among Canadian adults.
    Release date: 2026-03-18
  • 7. Risk factors for substance-related acute toxicity deaths in Canada from 2016 to 2021: Findings from the 2016 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600200002
    Description: Critically high numbers of poisoning-related deaths, also known as acute toxicity deaths (ATDs), occur every year in Canada, with the number of deaths attributed to accidental drug poisonings having increased dramatically since 2016. Research about the age, sex, and geographic location of people dying of acute toxicities in Canada show that some populations are disproportionately affected. However, national-level information about decedents’ socioeconomic characteristics remains limited. This study identifies populations facing higher (or lower) rates of ATDs, based on age-standardized mortality rates, relative to a comparison group, using integrated Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort data.
    Release date: 2026-02-18
  • 8. Estimating monthly indicators for Consumer Confidence using Structural Time Series Models
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200003
    Description: In this paper a model-based inference procedure based on a multivariate structural time series model is developed for the production of monthly figures about consumer confidence. The input for the model are five series of direct estimates for the indices that measure consumer confidence, which are derived from the Dutch Consumer Survey. The model improves the accuracy of the direct estimates, since it provides a better separation of measurement errors and sampling errors from estimated target parameters. The standard errors for the month-to-month changes are clearly smaller under the time series model. A second problem addressed in this paper is related to the transition to a new survey process in 2017. Structural time series models in combination with a parallel run are applied to estimate discontinuities induced by the redesign. An algorithm designed for the consumer confidence variables is developed to construct uninterrupted input series for the aforementioned structural time series model. This inference method facilitated a smooth transition to a new survey design and resulted in uninterrupted series about consumer confidence that date back to 1986. The method is implemented for the production of official monthly figures on consumer confidence in the Netherlands.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 9. Collinearity diagnostics in generalized linear models fitted with survey data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200004
    Description: The class of generalized linear models (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary least squares regression that allows the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and assumes the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value. Multicollinearity in GLMs can inflate variances of the estimated coefficients and cause poor prediction in certain regions of the regression space. It may also cause a nonsignificant Wald statistic even when the predictors are highly predictive in a model of the family of GLMs. Little previous research has closely investigated the diagnostics of multicollinearity in GLMs, especially when complex survey data are used. In this paper, we develop variance inflation factors (VIFs) that measure the amount that the variance of a parameter estimator is increased due to multicollinearity in GLMs. We also extend VIFs and condition indexes to apply to complex survey data, accounting for design features, e.g. weights, clusters, and strata. Illustrations of these methods are given using data from a household survey of health and nutrition.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 10. International student enrolments at Canadian public colleges, 2014/2015 and 2023/2024
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025048
    Description: Comparison of international student enrolments at Canadian public colleges between 2014/2015 and 2023/2024 by province of study, country of citizenship, and field of study, using Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) data.
    Release date: 2025-11-20
Stats in brief (14)

Stats in brief (14) (0 to 10 of 14 results)

  • 1. International student enrolments at Canadian public colleges, 2014/2015 and 2023/2024
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025048
    Description: Comparison of international student enrolments at Canadian public colleges between 2014/2015 and 2023/2024 by province of study, country of citizenship, and field of study, using Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) data.
    Release date: 2025-11-20
  • 2. Memory disabilities, 2022
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024044
    Description: Utilizing data from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability, this infographic highlights the trends and experiences of persons with memory disabilities. This release is part of a series of infographics that focus on specific disability types.
    Release date: 2024-10-08
  • 3. Short-term rentals in the Canadian housing market Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-621-M2024010
    Description: The paper focuses on the subset of short-term rentals (STRs) that could potentially serve as long-term housing. This subset of STRs, referred to as potential long-term dwellings (PLTDs), is intended to capture STR units that are not serving as anyone’s primary residence, but could potentially function as long-term housing (either as owner-occupied or rental units). The PLTD subset is compared with total housing units (owned or rented) at the national, provincial and territorial levels, as well as in major census metropolitan areas and in tourist areas.
    Release date: 2024-07-30
  • 4. The role of short-term rentals in the Canadian housing market Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024032
    Description: This infographic is a visual representation of short-term rental (STR) activity across Canada, focusing particularly on the subset of STRs that could potentially be used for long-term housing. This subset of STRs is referred to as potential long-term dwellings (PLTDs), it comprises entire units listed for more than 180 days a year, excluding vacation-type properties.
    Release date: 2024-07-30
  • 5. Gender diversity of Canadian postsecondary students, 2021/2022 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024026
    Description: Using data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Census of Population, 2021, this infographic provides information on enrolment in Canadian public postsecondary institutions for transgender and non-binary people.
    Release date: 2024-06-25
  • 6. Students in private postsecondary education, 2020: Results of a feasibility study Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023031
    Description: Statistics Canada, using the data collected for the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS), has long published education indicators for Canadian public postsecondary institutions. Data on private postsecondary institutions have not been explored at the same depth and breadth by Statistics Canada. This infographic attempts to address this data gap through the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP) with results from the study of the T2202 Tuition and Enrolment Certificate as a new source of data.
    Release date: 2023-06-06
  • 7. Climate change statistics at Statistics Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023025
    Description: This infographic features climate change-related data from various survey programs, from 2019 to 2022.
    Release date: 2023-05-16
  • 8. Unravelling the story about household textile and e-waste disposal in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2022015
    Description:

    This infographic visually presents information on household disposal methods of textile and e-waste for the years 2017 and 2019. It also presents total household textile and e-waste diverted from landfills or incinerators and total household waste sent to landfills and incinerators for the year 2018. This infographic is based on data from the 2017 and 2019 cycles of the Households and Environment Survey and the 2018 Waste Management Industry Survey.

    Release date: 2022-02-15
  • 9. Stats are on the menu! Canada’s restaurant industry Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2021025
    Description:

    This infographic highlights a selection of statistics on restaurants, bars and caterers in Canada.

    Release date: 2021-03-25
  • 10. The resilience and strength of the new housing market during the pandemic Archived
    Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202000100080
    Description:

    This article examines changes in new home prices in Canada for the 27 surveyed census metropolitan areas (CMAs) captured in the New Housing Price Index and compares the ranking of cities based on prices six months into the pandemic (August compared to February).

    Release date: 2020-10-05
Articles and reports (182)

Articles and reports (182) (0 to 10 of 182 results)

  • 1. Exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 2. Variance of the generalized regression estimator under measurement error
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100010
    Description: With the exception of two-phase sampling, the standard variance approximation of the generalized regression (GREG) estimator assumes that the population totals in the weighting scheme are observed without error. If the weighting model of the GREG estimator contains population totals that are observed with measurement error sources other than the sampling error of first-phase estimates, then this uncertainty will be ignored by the variance approximation of the GREG estimator. This paper proposes a variance approximation for the GREG estimator that accounts for additional uncertainty arising from measurement error in one or more of the population totals used in the weighting scheme. This approach has been developed for, and is being applied to, the Dutch Labour Force Survey (DLFS). The monthly publications of the DLFS are obtained with a time series model, which corrects for rotation group bias and discontinuities caused by major redesigns and the loss of face-to-face interviews during COVID-19. The GREG estimates for the quarterly figures are benchmarked to the average of the monthly publications to enforce numerical consistency between monthly and quarterly publication tables. The standard variance approximation of the GREG estimator assumes that these population totals are observed without error. This results in an underestimation of the variance of the GREG estimator. The variance approximation proposed in this paper results in more realistic standard errors for the quarterly GREG estimates.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 3. New Housing Market Report, 2025: Experimental estimates
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2026002
    Description: The New Housing Market Report (NHMR) provides a quarterly snapshot of the new housing market in Canada. The report was designed to be used by economists, builders, developers, policymakers, as well as Canadians to evaluate the new housing market. Due to the level of geographic detail provided, and the sensitivity to changes in supply and demand, the NHMR series would be of particular interest to the real estate industry for comparison with the resale market statistics.

    The NHMR measures the average quarterly price for all dwelling types listed or sold in Canada. The report covers both single family (detached, semi detached, and row) and multi-family dwelling types.
    Release date: 2026-06-17
  • 4. Technical guide for the New Housing Market Report: 2025 update
    Articles and reports: 62F0014M2026003
    Description: This technical guide presents the data sources and methodology for the New Housing Market Report (NHMR). The NHMR provides a quarterly snapshot of the new housing market in Canada. The report was designed to be used by economists, builders, developers, policymakers, as well as Canadians to evaluate the new housing market. Due to the level of geographic detail provided, and the sensitivity to changes in supply and demand, the NHMR series would be of particular interest to the real estate industry for comparison with the resale market statistics. 

    The NHMR measures the average quarterly price for all dwelling types listed or sold in Canada. The report covers both single family (single-detached, semi-detached, and row houses) and condominium apartment dwelling types.
    Release date: 2026-06-17
  • 5. Racialized groups who have a regular health care provider: An overview
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600100005
    Description: The article examines the prevalence of having a regular health care provider (RHCP) among the seven largest racialized groups in Canada. Specifically, using data from the 2024 Canadian Community Health Survey, the article shows how the proportion of people who have an RHCP differs between and within the racialized populations and the non-racialized and non-Indigenous population and varies across racialized groups based on demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, immigrant status, immigration period and provincial region.
    Release date: 2026-04-22
  • 6. Validating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for the positive mental health surveillance of adults in Canada
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600300002
    Description: The accurate monitoring of population mental health requires repeated assessments using valid and reliable measures. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and its short form (SWEMWBS) are widely used positive mental health (PMH) measures. This study used cross-sectional data from the 2024 Canadian Community Health Survey – Rapid Response on Sleep Quality and Positive Mental Health to test the validity of the WEMWBS and the SWEMWBS among Canadian adults.
    Release date: 2026-03-18
  • 7. Risk factors for substance-related acute toxicity deaths in Canada from 2016 to 2021: Findings from the 2016 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202600200002
    Description: Critically high numbers of poisoning-related deaths, also known as acute toxicity deaths (ATDs), occur every year in Canada, with the number of deaths attributed to accidental drug poisonings having increased dramatically since 2016. Research about the age, sex, and geographic location of people dying of acute toxicities in Canada show that some populations are disproportionately affected. However, national-level information about decedents’ socioeconomic characteristics remains limited. This study identifies populations facing higher (or lower) rates of ATDs, based on age-standardized mortality rates, relative to a comparison group, using integrated Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort data.
    Release date: 2026-02-18
  • 8. Estimating monthly indicators for Consumer Confidence using Structural Time Series Models
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200003
    Description: In this paper a model-based inference procedure based on a multivariate structural time series model is developed for the production of monthly figures about consumer confidence. The input for the model are five series of direct estimates for the indices that measure consumer confidence, which are derived from the Dutch Consumer Survey. The model improves the accuracy of the direct estimates, since it provides a better separation of measurement errors and sampling errors from estimated target parameters. The standard errors for the month-to-month changes are clearly smaller under the time series model. A second problem addressed in this paper is related to the transition to a new survey process in 2017. Structural time series models in combination with a parallel run are applied to estimate discontinuities induced by the redesign. An algorithm designed for the consumer confidence variables is developed to construct uninterrupted input series for the aforementioned structural time series model. This inference method facilitated a smooth transition to a new survey design and resulted in uninterrupted series about consumer confidence that date back to 1986. The method is implemented for the production of official monthly figures on consumer confidence in the Netherlands.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 9. Collinearity diagnostics in generalized linear models fitted with survey data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200004
    Description: The class of generalized linear models (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary least squares regression that allows the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and assumes the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value. Multicollinearity in GLMs can inflate variances of the estimated coefficients and cause poor prediction in certain regions of the regression space. It may also cause a nonsignificant Wald statistic even when the predictors are highly predictive in a model of the family of GLMs. Little previous research has closely investigated the diagnostics of multicollinearity in GLMs, especially when complex survey data are used. In this paper, we develop variance inflation factors (VIFs) that measure the amount that the variance of a parameter estimator is increased due to multicollinearity in GLMs. We also extend VIFs and condition indexes to apply to complex survey data, accounting for design features, e.g. weights, clusters, and strata. Illustrations of these methods are given using data from a household survey of health and nutrition.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 10. Reverse-Engineering a Hypothetical Raking Process for the Estimation of Mean Squared Error of Raked Small Area Estimates Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100006
    Description: Small area estimation is frequently used to produce estimates at a disaggregated level where direct survey estimation does not have sufficient sample to produce precise estimates. Often this is done using the area-level Fay-Herriot model, by assuming the direct estimates are independent under the design and have a known variance, and applying a smoothing process to the variance estimates of the direct estimates to better meet that last assumption. It is not rare that small area estimates are benchmarked/raked to aggregated level direct estimates. This article shows that wrongly assuming independence can have a big impact on the MSE of the raked estimates. Values of the covariances between direct estimates are thus required for good point and MSE estimates. Getting good estimates of those covariances is difficult given the small sample sizes in some areas. An original way of deriving values for those covariances, by reverse-engineering a hypothetical raking process, is presented.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

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