Analysis

This article examines the differences in COVID-19 related mortality rates across different ethno-cultural neighbourhoods in Canada. The differences in age-standardized mortality rates by proportion of population groups designated as visible minorities are compared for Canada and selected provinces and census metropolitan areas to understand whether or not communities with higher proportion of population designated as visible minorities are reporting higher COVID-19 related mortality rates.

This study compares the international impacts on civil aviation as a result of COVID-19. It analyzes the trend of passenger volumes for the first half of 2020, how far they dropped and how quickly they are recovering. Another section compares passenger load factor for selected countries. Finally, it provides an outlook on recovery in the air transportation sector.

The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. PCEIP products include tables, fact sheets, reports and a methodological handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Using data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, this infographic shows the relationship between the income of adult Canadians and the income of their parents when they were growing up. Additionally, it highlights that families with higher incomes were also families where parents were more highly educated, while families with lower incomes were more likely to have a non-official language as their mother tongue or to be lone-parent families.

The concepts of urban and rural are widely debated and vary depending on a country’s geopolitical and sociodemographic composition. In Canada, population centres and statistical area classifications are widely used to distinguish urban and rural communities. However, neither of these classifications precisely classify Canadian communities into urban, rural and remote areas. A group of researchers at Statistics Canada developed an alternative tool called the “remoteness index” to measure the relative remoteness of Canadian communities. This study builds on the remoteness index, which is a continuous index, by examining how it can be classified into five discrete categories of remoteness geographies. When properly categorized, the remoteness index can be a useful tool to distinguish urban, rural and remote communities in Canada, while protecting the privacy and confidentiality of citizens. This study considers five methodological approaches and recommends three methods.

This article examines the changes in the mode of transportation of workers over the course of the pandemic, and examines the characteristics of those who switched to teleworking. The article also provides new insights on the concerns expressed by those who were using public transit before the pandemic and are not yet back in their regular place of work. It uses data from the third iteration (June 15, 2020 to June 21, 2020) of Statistics Canada's new Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS).

The present study examined the spatial associations between air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ground-level ozone [O3]) and psychological distress among subjects in the most populous provinces in Canada.

This paper's objectives are to examine the feasibility of pooling linked population health surveys from three countries, facilitate the examination of health behaviours, and present useful information to assist in the planning of international population health surveillance and research studies.

The concept of satellite accounting was introduced as part of the United-Nations-endorsed System of National Accounts (SNA) in 1993. It provides a way for national accounts statisticians to develop alternative statistics on selected topics that are not represented as such in the SNA. Examples include tourism, the environment, the digital economy, and cooking, childcare and other non-market work done in the home. This paper describes the satellite accounting concept, discusses its strengths and limitations, refers briefly to international experience and provides summaries of eleven satellite accounts that have been built in Canada over the last three decades. Extensive references to more detailed documentation are also provided.

This article examines key housing markets in Canada prior to COVID-19 and offers an outlook of the impacts of the pandemic on the real estate market over the next few months. Price trends for four property types, such as new houses, new condominiums, resale houses and resale condominiums are explored. Prior to COVID-19, the price of condominium apartments increased at a faster pace than singles, semi-detached and row homes. The global pandemic may cause a shift of preferences for larger homes instead of condominiums as future home buyers may prefer larger homes in the suburbs as working from home becomes more prevalent.

This article examines the differences in COVID-19 related mortality rates across different ethno-cultural neighbourhoods in Canada. The differences in age-standardized mortality rates by proportion of population groups designated as visible minorities are compared for Canada and selected provinces and census metropolitan areas to understand whether or not communities with higher proportion of population designated as visible minorities are reporting higher COVID-19 related mortality rates.

This study compares the international impacts on civil aviation as a result of COVID-19. It analyzes the trend of passenger volumes for the first half of 2020, how far they dropped and how quickly they are recovering. Another section compares passenger load factor for selected countries. Finally, it provides an outlook on recovery in the air transportation sector.

Using data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, this infographic shows the relationship between the income of adult Canadians and the income of their parents when they were growing up. Additionally, it highlights that families with higher incomes were also families where parents were more highly educated, while families with lower incomes were more likely to have a non-official language as their mother tongue or to be lone-parent families.

This article examines key housing markets in Canada prior to COVID-19 and offers an outlook of the impacts of the pandemic on the real estate market over the next few months. Price trends for four property types, such as new houses, new condominiums, resale houses and resale condominiums are explored. Prior to COVID-19, the price of condominium apartments increased at a faster pace than singles, semi-detached and row homes. The global pandemic may cause a shift of preferences for larger homes instead of condominiums as future home buyers may prefer larger homes in the suburbs as working from home becomes more prevalent.

This infographic examines key housing markets in Canada prior to COVID-19 and offers an outlook of the impacts of the pandemic on the real estate market over the next few months. Price trends for four property types, such as new houses, new condominiums, resale houses and resale condominiums are explored. Prior to COVID-19, the price of condominium apartments increased at a faster pace than single, semi-detached and row homes. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many changes have been impacting the real estate industry, from virtual tours to a change in preference towards larger homes in the suburb. We offer an outlook of the impact of those new realities on the real estate market going forward.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the Canadian economy and the ability of businesses to operate. Using data from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions, a comparison was made to assess the impact of COVID-19 on businesses majority-owned by women.

This infographic presents the impact of COVID-19 on businesses in Canada and their recovery needs. Specifically, the infographic presents information on teleworking (before, during and after the pandemic), personal protective measures businesses plan to implement, personal protective equipment and supply needs, and actions businesses have taken to help themselves through the pandemic. Results are from the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions.

As a result of the widespread measures taken to contain the spread of COVID-19, the Canadian economy has dramatically declined over the past few months and has significantly impacted the ability of businesses in Canada to operate.

As Canada's economy moved towards a recovery, Statistics Canada ran the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions to better understand the ongoing effects on businesses as the economy begins to reopen.

The economic lockdown triggered by COVID-19 has led so far to disproportionate employment losses among lower-paid workers and young workers. Its impact on visible minorities is currently less known. Using data from a large crowdsourcing data collection initiative, the study further compares the degree to which visible minority participants: a) experienced job loss or reduced workhours since the onset of the pandemic, b) were strongly or moderately impacted financially, and c) applied for and received federal income support.

To better understand how different sub-groups of workers were exposed to the risks associated with COVID-19, this article provides a profile of nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates. In particular, using data from the Census of Population, we look at the importance of immigrants and population groups designated as visible minorities in these essential occupations.

The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, and labour market outcomes. PCEIP products include tables, fact sheets, reports and a methodological handbook. They present indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. The Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP) is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

The concepts of urban and rural are widely debated and vary depending on a country’s geopolitical and sociodemographic composition. In Canada, population centres and statistical area classifications are widely used to distinguish urban and rural communities. However, neither of these classifications precisely classify Canadian communities into urban, rural and remote areas. A group of researchers at Statistics Canada developed an alternative tool called the “remoteness index” to measure the relative remoteness of Canadian communities. This study builds on the remoteness index, which is a continuous index, by examining how it can be classified into five discrete categories of remoteness geographies. When properly categorized, the remoteness index can be a useful tool to distinguish urban, rural and remote communities in Canada, while protecting the privacy and confidentiality of citizens. This study considers five methodological approaches and recommends three methods.

This article examines the changes in the mode of transportation of workers over the course of the pandemic, and examines the characteristics of those who switched to teleworking. The article also provides new insights on the concerns expressed by those who were using public transit before the pandemic and are not yet back in their regular place of work. It uses data from the third iteration (June 15, 2020 to June 21, 2020) of Statistics Canada's new Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS).

The present study examined the spatial associations between air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and ground-level ozone [O3]) and psychological distress among subjects in the most populous provinces in Canada.

This paper's objectives are to examine the feasibility of pooling linked population health surveys from three countries, facilitate the examination of health behaviours, and present useful information to assist in the planning of international population health surveillance and research studies.

The concept of satellite accounting was introduced as part of the United-Nations-endorsed System of National Accounts (SNA) in 1993. It provides a way for national accounts statisticians to develop alternative statistics on selected topics that are not represented as such in the SNA. Examples include tourism, the environment, the digital economy, and cooking, childcare and other non-market work done in the home. This paper describes the satellite accounting concept, discusses its strengths and limitations, refers briefly to international experience and provides summaries of eleven satellite accounts that have been built in Canada over the last three decades. Extensive references to more detailed documentation are also provided.

Model-based methods are required to estimate small area parameters of interest, such as totals and means, when traditional direct estimation methods cannot provide adequate precision. Unit level and area level models are the most commonly used ones in practice. In the case of the unit level model, efficient model-based estimators can be obtained if the sample design is such that the sample and population models coincide: that is, the sampling design is non-informative for the model. If on the other hand, the sampling design is informative for the model, the selection probabilities will be related to the variable of interest, even after conditioning on the available auxiliary data. This will imply that the population model no longer holds for the sample. Pfeffermann and Sverchkov (2007) used the relationships between the population and sample distribution of the study variable to obtain approximately unbiased semi-parametric predictors of the area means under informative sampling schemes. Their procedure is valid for both sampled and non-sampled areas.

The ultimate goal of Government Finance Statistics (GFS) compilation is to disseminate data to policymakers and other users in order to assess government financial performance/position, and the impact of fiscal policy on the economy. To achieve this goal, the data should be comprehensive in terms of institutions coverage which has the greatest impact on data quality and comparability. This article looks at best practices for defining and delineating the Public Sector in Canadian macroeconomic statistics.

Since March, Canadian governments, federal, provincial and local, along with their associated government business enterprises, have been implementing a wide range of policy measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these measures are economic in nature, taking the form of financial transfers and concessional loans to individuals, businesses and other groups. These actions will be reflected in the national accounts estimates for March and subsequent months, quarters and years. This paper outlines the main policy measures of an economic nature and identifies where their effects will be seen in the accounts.

Administrative data sets have become increasingly popular sources of information to study mobility across generations. However, the inclusion of parent-child pairs depends on the primary purpose for which the data was collected. In the case of tax records, both parents and children must have worked and filed their taxes, and the children's labour market entry must have happened before they left the parental home. This paper documents selection in samples of parent-child pairs constructed from personal income tax records from Canada, and discusses implications for intergenerational research. It takes advantage of the fact that Statistics Canada's Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) includes both survey and administrative data to inform the nature and severity of the resulting sample selection. Results show that respondents who were successfully linked to their parents are more educated, and are more likely to have grown up in better educated, nuclear families. However, correcting for sample selection suggests that there is no bias in unadjusted estimates.

This report provides an overview of the definitions and competency frameworks of data literacy, as well as the assessment tools used to measure it. These are based on the existing literature and current practices around the world. Data literacy, or the ability to derive meaningful information from data, is a relatively new concept. However, it is gaining increasing recognition as a vital skillset in the information age. Existing approaches to measuring data literacy—from self-assessment tools to objective measures, and from individual to organizational assessments—are discussed in this report to inform the development of an assessment tool for data literacy in the Canadian public service.

The Record Linkage Project Process Model (RLPPM) was developed by Statistics Canada to identify the processes and activities involved in record linkage. The RLPPM applies to linkage projects conducted at the individual and enterprise level using diverse data sources to create new data sources to meet analytical and operational needs.

Beginning in late 2006, the Social and Aboriginal Statistics Division of Statistics Canada embarked on the process of review of questions used in the Census and in surveys to produce data about Aboriginal peoples (North American Indian, Métis and Inuit). This process is essential to ensure that Aboriginal identification questions are valid measures of contemporary Aboriginal identification, in all its complexity. Questions reviewed included the following (from the Census 2B questionnaire):- the Ethnic origin / Aboriginal ancestry question;- the Aboriginal identity question;- the Treaty / Registered Indian question; and- the Indian band / First Nation Membership question.

Additional testing was conducted on Census questions with potential Aboriginal response options: the population group question (also known as visible minorities), and the Religion question. The review process to date has involved two major steps: regional discussions with data users and stakeholders, and qualitative testing. The regional discussions with over 350 users of Aboriginal data across Canada were held in early 2007 to examine the four questions used on the Census and other surveys of Statistics Canada. Data users included National Aboriginal organizations, Aboriginal Provincial and Territorial Organizations, Federal, Provincial and local governments, researchers and Aboriginal service organizations. User feedback showed that main areas of concern were data quality, undercoverage, the wording of questions, and the importance of comparability over time.

This book is designed to contribute to the foundation of basic information that leaders and researchers will need when they begin to devote much more time and resources to the institutional adjustments that the up-coming wave of retirements among baby boomers will require. Its contents deal with aspects of retirement that have been outside the main focus in the research literature, but which will likely receive much greater attention in the future. These aspects include social issues arising from the emergence of a large number of people who form a substantial proportion of the adult population and whose length of time in retirement will be as long as that of a generation, roughly 25 years; women's retirement; family dynamics and retirement; and retirement processes among people with no career job as conventionally defined. A large part of the book is devoted to scientific papers that are based upon Statistics Canada's data and which require substantial innovations of useful concepts and data series that serve to illustrate the potentials of our data.

This report summarizes the main issues raised in these meetings. Four questions used to identify Aboriginal people from the Census and surveys were considered in the discussions.Statistics Canada regularly reviews the questions used on the Census and other surveys to ensure that the resulting data are representative of the population. As a first step in the process to review the questions used to produce data about First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations, regional discussions were held with more than 350 users of Aboriginal data in over 40 locations across Canada during the winter, spring and early summer of 2007.

This report summarizes the main issues raised in these meetings. Four questions used to identify Aboriginal people from the Census and surveys were considered in the discussions.

This report depicts the demographic characteristics, health and wellness, living arrangements, social networks and social participation, security from crime and victimization, work patterns and related activities, income and expenditures, and lifestyles of the population aged 65 and over. It examines many of these issues, where data allow, in terms of different age groups within the senior population, for example those aged 65 to 74 and those aged 85 and over. Information are also presented for individuals in the 55 to 64 age range.

The report also includes a chapter on Aboriginal seniors and a chapter on immigrant seniors.

It presents the most comprehensive statistical picture of the situation of Canada's senior population with data drawn from a wide array of sources including the census, as well as other surveys such as the National Population Health Survey, General Social Survey, Canadian Community Health Survey, and Survey of Labour and Income dynamics.

The 2005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (NSWHN) is the first nationally representative survey to focus on the working conditions and health of Canada's nurses. Registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and registered psychiatric nurses (RPNs) in all provinces and territories shared their perceptions on a variety of topics, including:- workload- working overtime, whether paid or unpaid- adverse events such as medication errors and patient falls- support and respect from co-workers and supervisors- staffing adequacy- working relations with physicians- their own chronic diseases and injuries- their mental health.

The 2005 NSWHN was developed in collaboration with organizations representing practicing nurses, health care researchers, health information specialists and federal government departments. The survey was conducted by Statistics Canada in partnership with the Canadian Institute for Health Information and Health Canada. A total of 18,676 nurses were interviewed, representing LPNs, RNs and RPNs in a variety of health care settings and in all provinces and territories. The survey's impressive response rate of 80% reflects the enthusiasm and support of nurses across the country.

The survey collected information on a rich array of topics reflecting the physical and emotional challenges nurses face in delivering patient care today. Nurses answered many questions about the quality of patient care, working relations with co-workers and managers, the amount of time they work to get their jobs done, and the way they feel about their jobs and careers as nurses. Data from the 2005 NSWHN will provide an invaluable resource for researchers, health care providers, policy makers and anyone with an interest in human resources, particularly in the health care field.

This report provides results of the Health Services Access Survey (HSAS), which is now part of the Canadian Community Health Survey. The HSAS gathers comprehensive and comparable information on the patterns of use of health care services and self-reported difficulties faced by Canadians aged 15 and over in accessing health care. Data are presented for Canada as a whole and by province when sample sizes are sufficient.

Data on waiting times for specialized services such as specialist visits for a new illness or condition, non-emergency surgeries and selected diagnostics tests are also presented.

This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.

This booklet summarizes the key results of the first National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations. These organizations have a significant economic presence and serve as vehicles for citizen engagement. However, many report significant challenges to their capacity to fulfill their missions.