Analysis

Cut-off sampling is applied when there is a subset of units from the population from which getting the required information is too expensive or difficult and, therefore, those units are deliberately excluded from sample selection. If those excluded units are different from the sampled ones in the characteristics of interest, naïve estimators may be severely biased. Calibration estimators have been proposed to reduce the design-bias. However, when estimating in small domains, they can be inefficient even in the absence of cut-off sampling. Model-based small area estimation methods may prove useful for reducing the bias due to cut-off sampling if the assumed model holds for the whole population. At the same time, for small domains, these methods provide more efficient estimators than calibration methods. Since model-based properties are obtained assuming that the model holds but no model is exactly true, here we analyze the design properties of calibration and model-based procedures for estimation of small domain characteristics under cut-off sampling. Our results confirm that model-based estimators reduce the bias due to cut-off sampling and perform significantly better in terms of design mean squared error.

The ultimate goal of Government Finance Statistics (GFS) compilation is to disseminate data to policymakers and other users in order to assess government financial performance/position, and the impact of fiscal policy on the economy. To achieve this goal, the data should be comprehensive in terms of institutions coverage which has the greatest impact on data quality and comparability. This article looks at best practices for defining and delineating the Public Sector in Canadian macroeconomic statistics.

This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in June 2020 for the reference years 2010 to 2019. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National balance sheet accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.

This article in the Economic Insights series highlights sudden changes in economic conditions as households and businesses were adjusting to social and economic restrictions intended to contain the spread of COVID-19. It is the second in a series of articles that provides integrated analysis of the economic impacts of COVID-19 as new data and information become available.

This Economic Insights article examines how jobs held by Canadian employees have changed over the last four decades, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis uses a wide variety of data sets to document the evolution of selected job characteristics from 1981 to 2019.

The Canadian labour market has seen significant changes since the late 1970s. This article examines the evolution of layoff rates in Canada from 1978 to 2016, the last year for which data on permanent layoffs are currently available. The analysis uses Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File and focuses on employees aged 25 to 64.

The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of non accidental and cause specific mortality associated with long term exposure to PM2.5 among immigrants after they arrived in Canada, and to assess how this risk compares with that of the non immigrant population. Using the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort, this study also sought to determine the influence of several immigrant specific variables on the PM2.5 -mortality association, including duration in Canada, country of birth, age at immigration and neighbourhood ethnic concentration.

It is too early to know how many Canadian workers will lose their job, i.e. will be permanently laid-off, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and what will happen to them financially after job loss. Yet a number of stylized facts emerge from the past. While these facts do not necessarily allow accurate predictions of the impact of the pandemic on job displacement, they provide a long-term perspective from which forthcoming labour market developments can be assessed. The goal of this article is to highlight these facts.

The economic lockdown to stop the spread of COVID-19 has led to steep declines in employment and hours worked for many Canadians. For workers in essential services, in jobs that can be done with proper physical distancing measures or in jobs that can be done from home, the likelihood of experiencing a work interruption during the pandemic is lower than for other workers. This article assesses how the feasibility of working from home varies across Canadian families. It also considers the implications of these differences for family earnings inequality.

Physical distancing measures to stop the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in a large number of Canadians working from home, many for the first time. This sudden transition in how the economy is operating raises questions about how many jobs can reasonably be performed from home.

It is too early to know how many Canadian workers will lose their job, i.e. will be permanently laid-off, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and what will happen to them financially after job loss. Yet a number of stylized facts emerge from the past. While these facts do not necessarily allow accurate predictions of the impact of the pandemic on job displacement, they provide a long-term perspective from which forthcoming labour market developments can be assessed. The goal of this article is to highlight these facts.

The economic lockdown to stop the spread of COVID-19 has led to steep declines in employment and hours worked for many Canadians. For workers in essential services, in jobs that can be done with proper physical distancing measures or in jobs that can be done from home, the likelihood of experiencing a work interruption during the pandemic is lower than for other workers. This article assesses how the feasibility of working from home varies across Canadian families. It also considers the implications of these differences for family earnings inequality.

Physical distancing measures to stop the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in a large number of Canadians working from home, many for the first time. This sudden transition in how the economy is operating raises questions about how many jobs can reasonably be performed from home.

International travel was among the first areas of the economy to experience the impact of COVID-19 as governments across the world closed their borders to contain the spread of the virus. This study examines international arrivals to Canada using Primary Inspection Kiosk (PIK) data.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to massive work interruptions in Canada and several other countries since mid-March 2020. The resulting economic lockdown has raised concerns about the ability of Canadian families to meet their financial obligations and essential needs. This article focuses on families who rely primarily on earnings—wages and salaries and self-employment income—to maintain their living standards.

Using data from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey Workload Time Series Database, this infographic introduces a series of new criminal court workload and case processing indicators. This infographic examines workload and case processing at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Using police-reported data from the 2018 Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey, this infographic is a visual representation of some of these data. Findings include results at the national, provincial, and territorial levels. Also included are findings related to the type and motivation of hate crimes committed in Canada, as well as the most serious violations reported in each incident.

This infographic details the annual average consumer inflation in Canada and the regions in 2019 while also examining the noteworthy average commodity movements of the year.

Recording of webinar session on the topic of Navigating Statistics Canada's Website. This is a real time recording of an online webinar hosted by the Data Service Centres in the Spring of 2019.

Using police-reported data from the 2018 Homicide Survey, this infographic is a visual representation of some of these data. Findings include results at the national, provincial, territorial and Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) levels. Also included are findings related to the Aboriginal identity of victims and accused persons, sex of victims of homicide, as well as the prevalence of gang-related and firearm-related homicides.

Cut-off sampling is applied when there is a subset of units from the population from which getting the required information is too expensive or difficult and, therefore, those units are deliberately excluded from sample selection. If those excluded units are different from the sampled ones in the characteristics of interest, naïve estimators may be severely biased. Calibration estimators have been proposed to reduce the design-bias. However, when estimating in small domains, they can be inefficient even in the absence of cut-off sampling. Model-based small area estimation methods may prove useful for reducing the bias due to cut-off sampling if the assumed model holds for the whole population. At the same time, for small domains, these methods provide more efficient estimators than calibration methods. Since model-based properties are obtained assuming that the model holds but no model is exactly true, here we analyze the design properties of calibration and model-based procedures for estimation of small domain characteristics under cut-off sampling. Our results confirm that model-based estimators reduce the bias due to cut-off sampling and perform significantly better in terms of design mean squared error.

The ultimate goal of Government Finance Statistics (GFS) compilation is to disseminate data to policymakers and other users in order to assess government financial performance/position, and the impact of fiscal policy on the economy. To achieve this goal, the data should be comprehensive in terms of institutions coverage which has the greatest impact on data quality and comparability. This article looks at best practices for defining and delineating the Public Sector in Canadian macroeconomic statistics.

This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in June 2020 for the reference years 2010 to 2019. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National balance sheet accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.

This article in the Economic Insights series highlights sudden changes in economic conditions as households and businesses were adjusting to social and economic restrictions intended to contain the spread of COVID-19. It is the second in a series of articles that provides integrated analysis of the economic impacts of COVID-19 as new data and information become available.

This Economic Insights article examines how jobs held by Canadian employees have changed over the last four decades, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis uses a wide variety of data sets to document the evolution of selected job characteristics from 1981 to 2019.

The Canadian labour market has seen significant changes since the late 1970s. This article examines the evolution of layoff rates in Canada from 1978 to 2016, the last year for which data on permanent layoffs are currently available. The analysis uses Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File and focuses on employees aged 25 to 64.

The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of non accidental and cause specific mortality associated with long term exposure to PM2.5 among immigrants after they arrived in Canada, and to assess how this risk compares with that of the non immigrant population. Using the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort, this study also sought to determine the influence of several immigrant specific variables on the PM2.5 -mortality association, including duration in Canada, country of birth, age at immigration and neighbourhood ethnic concentration.

Based on data from the 2018 National Graduates Survey, this study examines the participation of 2015 postsecondary graduates in work-integrated learning (WIL), such as a co-op placement, placement, internship or clinical placement. This study examines, among other things, whether there is a link between participation in WIL and the labour market outcomes of graduates, three years after graduation.

This study examines the relationship between work, learning, and work-integrated learning for the 2012 Canadian population that graduated between 2012 and 2016 using new data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults.

An analysis of trends in Canadian consumer demand and sales using transaction data for grocery products amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper examines the revisions published in 2011 to Canadian and the United States business sector labour productivity estimates and related variables. In addition to the usual three years revision cycle of the Canadian National Accounts, hours worked in Canada were revised back to 1981 to incorporate the historical revision of the Labour Force Survey published in January 2011. The United States National Accounts estimates were revised back to 2003 and hours worked back to 2002.

This report introduces the Crime Severity Index, a new tool for measuring police-reported crime in Canada that for the first time tracks changes in the severity of crime, not just volume.The report also examines how crime is measured in Canada, as well as recent improvements to statistics on crime that are gathered from the police.

This report presents the highlights of the age and sex data release from the 2006 Census of Population. Numerous colour maps, figures and tables illustrate the latest demographic trends and geographic patterns observed from the published data.

This publication provides the first national portrait of the many thousands of nonprofit and voluntary organizations found in every Canadian community. The data, from the National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations, reveal a set of organizations that are widely diverse in nature, touching virtually every aspect of Canadians' lives.

"Learning a living: First results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey" presents new evidence on the nature and magnitude of the literacy gaps faced by OECD countries and how these gaps have evolved over the medium term.

The fundamental goal of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) is to shed new light on the twin processes of skill gain and loss. The survey is sponsored by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

The report offers new insights into the factors that influence the formation and loss of adult skills in various settings - at home and at work - for the seven countries participating in the first round of data collection. The study offers the first comparative evidence on the impact of formal adult education and informal learning on the supply of skill. It also provides unique insight into the distribution of information and communication technology skills, and how these have amplified both productivity and wage inequality.

It is meant to assist decision makers in formulating policy in four areas:-Policies aimed at removing skill deficits that act as barriers to innovation, productivity and high rates of economic growth;-Policies designed to limit and reverse social exclusion and income inequality; -Policies that seek to reduce the unit cost of delivering public health care and education services;-Policies conceived to improve quality in all spheres, from public services to quality of life, individual fulfillment and happiness.

This booklet summarizes the key results of the first National Survey of Nonprofit and Voluntary Organizations. These organizations have a significant economic presence and serve as vehicles for citizen engagement. However, many report significant challenges to their capacity to fulfill their missions.

This work is an updated version of a study published under the same title following the population censuses of 1991 and 1996. The text and tables have been adapted to reflect the more complete data from the 2001 Census, in which the usual questions on knowledge of languages, mother tongue, and language spoken 'most often' at home are supplemented by a question on languages spoken 'regularly' at home , and a two-part question on language use at work, that is, the language used 'most often,' and other languages used 'regularly,' in the workplace. This enrichment of the content has allowed us to expand our analysis while remaining true to the initial goal of presenting in a straightfoward manner basic statistics on the country's demolinguistic reality.

Since September 11, 2001, important changes in the financial and operating statistics of airline activities in Canada have taken place. In particular, most airline companies have seen a deterioration of their financial positions and the number of flights and of seats available have generally decreased while security measures have increased. The aim of this paper is to examine the post-September 11 aviation market in Canada with respect to one key operating characteristic: the number of flights of airline companies operating in Canada. More specifically, the following questions are addressed: Was there a recovery in airline activities in Canada since September 11? Were all losses in all sectors recovered (domestic, transborder and international)? Were all losses at all airports recovered?

This paper is divided into three sections: 1. Data sources and limitations, the scope of this research and the methodological approach used are described in the first section. 2. The second section highlights the main results obtained and discusses these results in the context of the recent trends in airline activities in Canada. 3. Lastly, some conclusions are offered, based on the evidence collected and analysed.

This study documents the methodological and technical challenges that are involved in performing analysis on small groups using a sample survey, oversampling, response rate, non-response rate due to language, release feasibility and sampling variability. It is based on the 1999 General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization.

This report provides a descriptive overview of the first results from the 2000 Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) for 18-20-year-olds in Canada. The YITS, developed through a partnership between Human Resources Development Canada and Statistics Canada, is a longitudinal survey designed to collect a broad range of information on the education and labour market experiences of youth.

This report provides new information on high school dropout rates as of December 1999 and compares high school graduates and dropouts on a number of dimensions, including family background, parental education and occupation, engagement with school, working during high school, peer influence, and educational aspirations. This report also provides a first look at pathways followed by young people once they are no longer in high school, including their participation in post-secondary education, employment status, self-assessed skills levels, and barriers to post-secondary education.