Analysis

Description:

This paper provides detailed information on public, private, domestic and foreign sources of funding for Canadian health research.

Description:

Data on science and technology (S&T) expenditures and person-years allocated to biotechnology for the year 2002-2003 were collected from selected federal departments and agencies. The criterion for selection was significant activity in this field. Survey results contribute to the work of the Canadian Biotechnology Strategy. The data collected for biotechnology are composed of research and development (R&D) and related scientific activities (RSA) expenditures, for intramural and extramural activities, by performer, and also the person-years associated with these activities.

Description:

Expenditures on Health R&D are growing as a percentage of Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development (GERD). Between the years 1996 and 2000, research and development expenditures in the health field represented approximately 18% of total R&D expenditures in Canada. In the last three years, this percentage has grown to 20% (2001), 22% (2002) and 23% (2003 preliminary estimates). This service bulletin presents details of expenditures on Health R&D performance and funding.

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This paper presents an index of specialization (the location quotient) for Canada's 50 largest communities. It also presents the initial analysis comparing changes in specialization in selected high-technology industries with changes in employment in these communities.

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This document provides an overview of currently available data on federal government support for scientific activities by industry groups. The statistics presented are derived from government listings of the recipients of federal payments made in connection with scientific activity from1997/98 to 2001/02.

Description:

Survey statisticians have long known that the question-answer process is a source of response effects that contribute to non-random measurement error. In the past two decades there has been substantial progress toward understanding these sources of error by applying concepts from social and cognitive psychology to the study of the question-answer process. This essay reviews the development of these approaches, discusses the present state of our knowledge, and suggests some research priorities for the future.

Description:

In survey sampling, Taylor linearization is often used to obtain variance estimators for calibration estimators of totals and nonlinear finite population (or census) parameters, such as ratios, regression and correlation coefficients, which can be expressed as smooth functions of totals. Taylor linearization is generally applicable to any sampling design, but it can lead to multiple variance estimators that are asymptotically design unbiased under repeated sampling. The choice among the variance estimators requires other considerations such as (i) approximate unbiasedness for the model variance of the estimator under an assumed model, (ii) validity under a conditional repeated sampling framework. In this paper, a new approach to deriving Taylor linearization variance estimators is proposed. It leads directly to a variance estimator which satisfies the above considerations at least in a number of important cases. The method is applied to a variety of problems, covering estimators of a total as well as other estimators defined either explicitly or implicitly as solutions of estimating equations. In particular, estimators of logistic regression parameters with calibration weights are studied. It leads to a new variance estimator for a general class of calibration estimators that includes generalized raking ratio and generalized regression estimators. The proposed method is extended to two-phase sampling to obtain a variance estimator that makes fuller use of the first phase sample data compared to traditional linearization variance estimators.

Description:

In the U.S. Census of Population and Housing, a sample of about one-in-six of the households receives a longer version of the census questionnaire called the long form. All others receive a version called the short form. Raking, using selected control totals from the short form, has been used to create two sets of weights for long form estimation; one for individuals and one for households. We describe a weight construction method based on quadratic programming that produces household weights such that the weighted sum for individual characteristics and for household characteristics agree closely with selected short form totals. The method is broadly applicable to situations where weights are to be constructed to meet both size bounds and sum-to-control restrictions. Application to the situation where the controls are estimates with an estimated covariance matrix is described.

Description:

The weighting cell estimator corrects for unit nonresponse by dividing the sample into homogeneous groups (cells) and applying a ratio correction to the respondents within each cell. Previous studies of the statistical properties of weighting cell estimators have assumed that these cells correspond to known population cells with homogeneous characteristics. In this article, we study the properties of the weighting cell estimator under a response probability model that does not require correct specification of homogeneous population cells. Instead, we assume that the response probabilities are a smooth but otherwise unspecified function of a known auxiliary variable. Under this more general model, we study the robustness of the weighting cell estimator against model misspecification. We show that, even when the population cells are unknown, the estimator is consistent with respect to the sampling design and the response model. We describe the effect of the number of weighting cells on the asymptotic properties of the estimator. Simulation experiments explore the finite sample properties of the estimator. We conclude with some guidance on how to select the size and number of cells for practical implementation of weighting cell estimation when those cells cannot be specified a priori.

Description:

When imputation is used to assign values for missing items in sample surveys, naïve methods of estimating the variances of survey estimates that treat the imputed values as if they were observed give biased variance estimates. This article addresses the problem of variance estimation for a linear estimator in which missing values are assigned by a single hot deck imputation (a form of imputation that is widely used in practice). We propose estimators of the variance of a linear hot deck imputed estimator using a decomposition of the total variance suggested by Särndal (1992). A conditional approach to variance estimation is developed that is applicable to both weighted and unweighted hot deck imputation. Estimation of the variance of a domain estimator is also examined.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic uses data from the 2018 and 2022 Canadian Internet Use Survey to examine patterns and trends in online banking by population groups.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: From January 2nd to February 5th, 2024, Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions. The purpose of this survey is to collect information on businesses in Canada related to emerging issues. This iteration of the survey focuses on business expectations and business conditions in Canada. In addition, the questionnaire for the first quarter of 2024 includes a component specifically for non-profit organizations (NPOs). The intent of this set of questions is to address a present data gap and to provide a better understanding of the non-profit sector. This infographic presents key results from this.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic presents some highlights from the 2022 Canadian Income Survey data.

Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.

Description: This article is the first main release by Statistics Canada based on findings from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD). It is divided into three sections—demographics, employment, and income—and provides a general snapshot on persons with disabilities to inform on government priorities and community interest in the areas of disability prevalence, labour market participation, and income inequality. Where possible, the report will be compared with results from the 2017 CSD to provide insight into changes over the past five years.

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census, this study investigates the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on racialized workers, focusing on the change in median employment income from 2019 to 2020, and the extent to which payments from the Canada Emergency Response Benefit offset income losses in 2020 among workers affected by the pandemic. Differences between racialized and non-racialized workers are investigated, along with differences among groups of racialized workers, as well as the intersectionality of race and gender.

Description: With an increase in the number of international students and a greater need for affordable housing, questions have arisen about international students housing experiences. This article examines international students’ prevalence of living in unsuitable housing across municipalities enumerated in the 2021 Census of Population long-form questionnaire. The report also presents the rates of unsuitable housing for international students from different source countries and provides comparisons with Canadian-born students.

Description: Selecting immigrants with high levels of education increases their chances of economic success. Immigrants with a bachelor’s degree or higher are more adaptable to changes in the labour market and have steeper growth in employment earnings than those with a trades or high school education. However, many immigrants with a bachelor’s degree or higher have occupations that underutilize their skills, which can reduce their employment income, productivity and well-being. This article updates previously documented trends in education–occupation mismatch with census data from 2001 to 2021.

Description: It is well documented that earnings vary considerably by population group (White, Black, Latin American, etc.). One of the possible reasons may be the fact that educational attainment also varies considerably by population group. Currently, there is a lack of information on the educational pathways of individuals from various population groups who began a postsecondary education program. This article fills this gap by documenting various aspects of the postsecondary experience of different population groups with regard to bachelor’s degree programs.

Description: The impact of immigration on the destination country is contingent not only on the number of immigrants admitted but also on how many of them choose to stay and actively engage in the labour market. This article analyzes the active presence of adult immigrants since the 1990s. Active presence refers to the extent to which immigrants who were admitted to Canada during a specific period actively engage in Canadian society within a specific timeframe.

Description: Headline inflation in Canada reached a 40-year high in 2022. Rising prices reduced the purchasing power of people whose incomes were not keeping pace with inflation and the current high inflation in Canada, as well as in many other countries, may be caused by both demand and supply factors. This article examines whether the current high inflation in Canada is demand–pull or supply–push.

Description: The pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the Canadian economy. This impact was uneven across different workers and businesses. However, there is little information available on how businesses were affected by and survived through the pandemic according to the characteristics of their owners, especially those owned by certain groups such as women and immigrants. This article uses a linkage of the monthly business openings and closures with the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database and the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy to study the survival rate and employment growth of businesses by gender, and immigrant status of owners.

Description: This article explores trends in patent applications made by Canadian-resident businesses for advanced technologies from 2001 to 2019, drawing on Eurostat's aggregation of high-tech patents. Approximately one-third of applications fall under high-tech categories, the bulk of which were associated with Communication, Computer, and Automated business equipment technologies. While these fields saw growth until 2012, a subsequent decline occurred, notably in Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing. Biotechnology, Semiconductors, and Lasers showed limited dynamism, while aviation technology applications surged by nearly twentyfold over the period.

Description: This technical paper describes the collection of food price data and the methodologies that are used to provide Canadians with accurate and timely food inflation data in both the CPI and the monthly average retail prices table.

Description: Since 1984, an annual international symposium on methodological issues has been sponsored by Statistics Canada. Proceedings have been available since 1987.

Description: Studies on Gender and Intersecting Identities brings together and analyzes a wide range of important issues related to gender, age, sexuality, disability, ethnocultural characteristics and other intersecting identities. Through a Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA+) lens, these studies will enrich Canadians' understanding of how gender and other identity factors affect the social, economic and financial participation and status of diverse groups of Canadians.

Description: This publication features short and accessible analytical articles that delve further into key findings and emerging trends identified in Census of Agriculture and other data sources related to agriculture. Subjects of analysis include matters related to farm land, crops, livestock, farm finances, technology, the environment and the farm population, as well as other economic and social aspects of Canada’s agriculture industry. Analytical articles are written in plain language and are intended to be a valuable source of information for a broad audience, including policy analysts, students, researchers, agricultural operators, the media and the public at large.

Description: The papers in this series cover a variety of topics related to labour statistics. The studies are intended to show recent or historical trends observed with the surveys produced by the Centre for Labour Market Information, i.e. the Labour Force Survey, Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours, Employment insurance Coverage Survey, Employment insurance statistics as well as administrative data sources. All the papers in this analytical series go through institutional and peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a government statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: The publication features products and data highlights that focus on rural areas of Canada or that have a rural dimension present. Rural areas are typically areas outside of Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) and Census Agglomerations (CA). The publication also includes explanatory notes on key concepts and definitions.

Description: Departmental Plans (DP) are individual expenditure plans for each department and agency. These reports provide increased levels of detail over a three-year period on an organization's main priorities by strategic outcome, program and planned/expected results, including links to related resource requirements presented in the Main Estimates. In conjunction with the Main Estimates, Departmental Plans serve to inform members of Parliament on planned expenditures of departments and agencies, and support Parliament's consideration of supply bills. The DPs are typically tabled soon after the Main Estimates by the President of the Treasury Board.

Description: These short analytical articles, based on data from the Census of Population, provide analysis on specific topics of interest related to the Canadian population. They are available with each Census of Population major release.

Description: This publication presents annual estimates of the total population and annual estimates by age and gender for Canada, provinces and territories. It also presents estimates of the following components of population change: births, deaths, immigration, emigration, returning emigration, net non-permanent residents and inter-provincial migration, the latter by origin and destination. As in the case of population estimates, the components are also available for the total population and by age and gender.

The Annual demographic estimates - Canada, provinces and territories publication contains the most recent estimates as well as an annual historical series. It also contains highlights and analysis of the most current demographic trends, as well as a brief description of the concepts, methods and data quality of the estimates.

Description: The series includes analysis on the characteristics of those with elementary-secondary, postsecondary and apprenticeship training. It also features analysis on students’ pathways through the education system and into the labour market-- including findings for different levels of education and fields of study. This research highlights specific groups of interest such as youth, women, men, immigrants, Indigenous people (First Nations people, Métis and Inuit) and visible minorities, and how intersections between these characteristics influence people’s educational experiences. Other topics include access to education; national and international adult performance assessments; use of technology; lifelong learning; and adult education.

Description: The papers in this series cover a variety of technical topics related to the Centre for Labour Market Information programs, such as the Labour Force Survey, the Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours, the Employment insurance Coverage Survey, the Employment Insurance Statistics program as well as data from administrative sources.