Analysis

Description:

This article studies the use of the sample distribution for the prediction of finite population totals under single-stage sampling. The proposed predictors employ the sample values of the target study variable, the sampling weights of the sample units and possibly known population values of auxiliary variables. The prediction problem is solved by estimating the expectation of the study values for units outside the sample as a function of the corresponding expectation under the sample distribution and the sampling weights. The prediction mean square error is estimated by a combination of an inverse sampling procedure and a re-sampling method. An interesting outcome of the present analysis is that several familiar estimators in common use are shown to be special cases of the proposed approach, thus providing them a new interpretation. The performance of the new and some old predictors in common use is evaluated and compared by a Monte Carlo simulation study using a real data set.

Description:

Multilevel models are often fitted to survey data gathered with a complex multistage sampling design. However, if such a design is informative, in the sense that the inclusion probabilities depend on the response variable even after conditioning on the covariates, then standard maximum likelihood estimators are biased. In this paper, following the Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) approach of Skinner (1989), we propose a probability weighted estimation procedure for multilevel ordinal and binary models which eliminates the bias generated by the informativeness of the design. The reciprocals of the inclusion probabilities at each sampling stage are used to weight the log likelihood function and the weighted estimators obtained in this way are tested by means of a simulation study for the simple case of a binary random intercept model with and without covariates. The variance estimators are obtained by a bootstrap procedure. The maximization of the weighted log likelihood of the model is done by the NLMIXED procedure of the SAS, which is based on adaptive Gaussian quadrature. Also the bootstrap estimation of variances is implemented in the SAS environment.

Description:

The Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) was not designed to be a longitudinal survey. However, given that respondent households typically remain in the sample for six consecutive months, it is possible to reconstruct six-month fragments of longitudinal data from the monthly records of household members. Such longitudinal micro-data - altogether consisting of millions of person-months of individual and family level data - is useful for analyses of monthly labour market dynamics over relatively long periods of time, 25 years and more.

We make use of these data to estimate hazard functions describing transitions among the labour market states: self-employed, paid employee and not employed. Data on job tenure, for employed respondents, and on the date last worked, for those not employed - together with the date of survey responses - allow the construction of models that include terms reflecting seasonality and macro-economic cycles as well as the duration dependence of each type of transition. In addition, the LFS data permits spouse labour market activity and family composition variables to be included in the hazard models as time-varying covariates. The estimated hazard equations have been incorporated in the LifePaths microsimulation model. In that setting, the equations have been used to simulate lifetime employment activity from past, present and future birth cohorts. Simulation results have been validated by comparison with the age profiles of LFS employment/population ratios for the period 1976 to 2001.

Description:

Combining response data from the Belgian Fertility and Family Survey with individual level and municipality level data from the 1991 Census for both nonrespondents and respondents, multilevel logistic regression models for contact and cooperation propensity are estimated. The covariates introduced are a selection of indirect features, all out of the researchers' direct control. Contrary to previous research, Socio Economic Status is found to be positively related to cooperation. Another unexpected result is the absence of any considerable impact of ecological correlates such as urbanity.

Description:

In this Issue is a column where the Editor biefly presents each paper of the current issue of Survey Methodology. As well, it sometimes contain informations on structure or management changes in the journal.

Description:

This study examines variation among Canadian schools and provinces in their reading performance. It uses data from the 2000 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD).

Description:

The objective of this study is to provide up-to-date measures of the concentration of the manufacturing industries in the Canadian food-processing sector.

Description:

This article presents information on health, education and language for Métis, Inuit and North American Indian children living in non-reserve areas. It uses the 'children and youth' component of the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS).

Description:

This report provides an overview of residential, business and 'other' breaking and entering (B&E) offences in Canada, including trends in police-reported B&Es at the national, provincial/territorial and census metropolitan area levels. In addition, the characteristics of all B&E incidents, victims and accused will be discussed as well as residential breaking and entering offences with the intent or threat of violence (home invasion). Finally, court responses to these types of incidents will be presented.

Description:

The article discusses the diverse factors that influence the choice of location for film production, the role of governments in promoting the film industry and the challenges Canada faces in attracting film projects in an industry where many localities, both within and outside Canada, compete for the available production dollars.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: StatCan released new analysis into the online culture our kids are growing up in, and it’s far from the best of all possible worlds: misinformation, bullying, violence… and worse.

Analyst Rachel Tsitomeneas joins us to dive into the findings.

Description: This infographic explores ecosystem services, which provide many benefits to society. The infographic provides a visual representation of the three main types of ecosystem services – provisioning services, regulating and maintenance services and cultural services.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic investigates sandwich caregiving in Canada in 2022, defined as providing care in the past 12 months to both children under 15 years old and care-dependent adults and youth over 15 years old with a long-term condition or disability. The infographic explores the prevalence of sandwich caregiving, the types of relationships involved, and the impacts of this type of caregiving.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: The reconciliation of 2021 census dwellings with the new Statistical Building Register (SBgR) presented linkage challenges. The Census of Population collected information from various dwelling types. For a large proportion of the population, mailing addresses were at the centre: they were used for reaching out to people and collected as contact info. In parallel, the register environment has been evolving. The agency is transitioning from the Address Register (AR) to the SBgR holding both mailing and location addresses, while also covering non-residential buildings. The reconciliation was conducted using a combination of systems, notably the new Register Matching Engine (RME) for difficult cases. The RME holds an interesting range of sophisticated string comparators. A deterministic linkage approach was used, while incorporating some data knowledge like the entropy. Through metadata, the matching expert could also reduce the amounts of false positives and false negatives.

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, this article examines the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families with an immigrant parent. This article explores the prevalence of low income according to characteristics of the parent (e.g., admission category, period of immigration) and their family and household (e.g., number of children, household type).

Description: As the importance of subjective well-being to health continues to garner increasing attention from researchers and policy makers, community belonging has emerged as a potential population health target that has been linked to several self-rated measures of health and well-being in Canada. This study assessed novel area-level community belonging measures derived using small area estimation and examined associations with individual-level measures of community belonging and self-rated health.

Description: Canada is experiencing rapid population aging, which has a wide range of implications, including an increased need for health care services. However, very few studies have examined use of specialized health care services (e.g., visits to medical specialists, non-emergency tests, and surgeries) among older Canadians. Using data from the 2019/2020 Canadian Health Survey on Seniors, this study examines the prevalence of specialized health care service use and evaluates the association of predisposing factors, enabling resources, and need-related factors with specialized health care service use in the past 12 months among Canadians aged 65 or older.

Description: This Juristat article provides insight into the prevalence, characteristics and consequences of dating violence among teens aged 15 to 17 in Canada. Violence between dating partners can include criminal acts such as physical and sexual violence, as well as acts that may not reach the criminal threshold (e.g., emotional and psychological abuse) but which can nonetheless have negative consequences for victims. Teens’ attitudes towards violence and control in intimate relationships are also presented. Findings are based on self-reported data collected through the 2018 Survey of Safety in Public and Private Spaces and on police-reported data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey. Where possible, comparisons between genders, age groups and other populations of interest are presented.

Description: This series of provincial, territorial and regional maps shows the number of school-aged children eligible to primary and secondary instruction in French in Canada outside Quebec by census subdivision, and the proportion of these children who attend or have attended a French-language school in Canada. All the information provided comes from the 2021 Census of Population and the 2022 Open Database of Educational Facilities.

Description: Using data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and the Integrated Criminal Courts Survey, this Juristat article expands on previous analysis and explores the prevalence and nature of police-reported incidents of online child sexual exploitation in Canada between 2014 and 2022. This article examines the types of incidents reported to police, including both online sexual offences against children and child pornography offences, as well as characteristics of victims and accused persons.

An analysis of court data is presented, examining the types of charges processed in Canadian courts related to sexual offences against children that were likely facilitated online. Characteristics of adults and youth accused are also presented, along with the outcome of the charges laid against them.

Description: Based on data from the 2017 General Social Survey on family, this article examines the timing and risk of dissolution of first unions in Canada. This is a comparative analysis by sex and landed immigrant status which focuses on people who were aged 20 and over at the time of the survey and who had already been in a couple, marriage or common-law union, at least once.

Description: Businesses in Canada continue to face a variety of challenges in the new year. Business outcomes and challenges expected also vary across businesses owned by different populations. This article focuses on the expectations of one of these populations: majority women-owned businesses. It involves an examination of the data produced by the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions.

Description: Indigenous Peoples are an integral part of the farm population and have been contributing to the agricultural landscape of what is now Canada for many centuries before the arrival of settlers. This article provides a socioeconomic portrait of the Indigenous farm population, touching on population changes, gender, age, education, type of farming activity and income.

Description: The papers in this series cover a variety of topics related to labour statistics. The studies are intended to show recent or historical trends observed with the surveys produced by the Centre for Labour Market Information, i.e. the Labour Force Survey, Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours, Employment insurance Coverage Survey, Employment insurance statistics as well as administrative data sources. All the papers in this analytical series go through institutional and peer review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate as a government statistical agency and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.

Description: The publication features products and data highlights that focus on rural areas of Canada or that have a rural dimension present. Rural areas are typically areas outside of Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) and Census Agglomerations (CA). The publication also includes explanatory notes on key concepts and definitions.

Description: Departmental Plans (DP) are individual expenditure plans for each department and agency. These reports provide increased levels of detail over a three-year period on an organization's main priorities by strategic outcome, program and planned/expected results, including links to related resource requirements presented in the Main Estimates. In conjunction with the Main Estimates, Departmental Plans serve to inform members of Parliament on planned expenditures of departments and agencies, and support Parliament's consideration of supply bills. The DPs are typically tabled soon after the Main Estimates by the President of the Treasury Board.

Description: These short analytical articles, based on data from the Census of Population, provide analysis on specific topics of interest related to the Canadian population. They are available with each Census of Population major release.

Description: The series includes analysis on the characteristics of those with elementary-secondary, postsecondary and apprenticeship training. It also features analysis on students’ pathways through the education system and into the labour market-- including findings for different levels of education and fields of study. This research highlights specific groups of interest such as youth, women, men, immigrants, Indigenous people (First Nations people, Métis and Inuit) and visible minorities, and how intersections between these characteristics influence people’s educational experiences. Other topics include access to education; national and international adult performance assessments; use of technology; lifelong learning; and adult education.

Description: This publication presents annual estimates of the total population and annual estimates by age and gender for Canada, provinces and territories. It also presents estimates of the following components of population change: births, deaths, immigration, emigration, returning emigration, net non-permanent residents and inter-provincial migration, the latter by origin and destination. As in the case of population estimates, the components are also available for the total population and by age and gender.

The Annual demographic estimates - Canada, provinces and territories publication contains the most recent estimates as well as an annual historical series. It also contains highlights and analysis of the most current demographic trends, as well as a brief description of the concepts, methods and data quality of the estimates.

Description: The papers in this series cover a variety of technical topics related to the Centre for Labour Market Information programs, such as the Labour Force Survey, the Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours, the Employment insurance Coverage Survey, the Employment Insurance Statistics program as well as data from administrative sources.

Description: This publication brings together and analyzes a wide range of data sources in order to provide information on various aspects of Canadian society, including labour, income, education, social, and demographic issues, that affect the lives of Canadians.

Description: These papers provide background information as well as in depth analysis on data reported in any of the following accounts: income and expenditure accounts, provincial economic accounts, financial flow accounts, national balance sheet accounts, estimates of labour income, and national tourism indicators.

Description: Demographic documentsis a series of texts intended for scholars and researchers, published occasionally by the Demography Division of Statistics Canada for their methodological, analytical or descriptive interest in the population field.