Analysis

Description:

This release provides data on the Research and Development activities of the private non-profit sector. The growing partnerships between Universities, Hospitals and Research Institutes has reduced the impact of the Private Non-Profit sector in the national Research and Development effort. Due to the decreasing magnitude of this sector, we will no longer feature the PNP data in our Service Bulletin series. Statistics Canada will continue to collect the data as it contributes to Gross Expenditures on Research and Development (GERD). Users are invited to contact us for special requests. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of the private non-profit organizations for their continued cooperation.

Description:

The report examines income and low income in census metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. It examines the situation of families and the neighbourhoods they live in. It also examines the situation of recent immigrants, Aboriginal people and lone-parent family members.

Median pre-tax income rose in virtually all Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs) over the 1980 to 2000 period. Incomes increased at both the top and bottom of the income distribution, but tended to rise faster at the top. In nearly all cities, income increased faster in the higher income neighbourhoods - measured at the census tract (CT) level - than it did in lower income neighbourhoods. The incidence of low income was at similar levels in 1980 and 2000, but the demographic composition of low income changed, reflecting rising low-income rates among some 'at-risk' groups, as well as demographic changes in the CMA. By 2000, recent immigrants comprised more of the low-income population, and a greater share of the residents in low-income neighbourhoods than they did in 1980. Recent immigrants had much higher low-income rates in 2000 than in 1980. In 2000, Aboriginal people and people in single-parent families had much higher low-income rates than others and were over-represented in low-income neighbourhoods. The share of income that low-income families received from government transfers rose over the period. The location of low-income neighbourhoods changed in some CMAs, reflecting a decline in low-income neighbourhoods in the city centre and a rise in low-income neighbourhoods in more suburban areas.

The report examines before-tax income in CMAs using the 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses of Canada.

Description:

The collection of firms producing environmental goods and delivering environmental services constitutes the 'environment industry.' This industry has grown significantly in the past 20 years and stands to continue this development in the future as emerging issues such as the level of greenhouse gas emissions are addressed.

An important aspect in the evaluation of the industry's performance is in the area of job creation and employment generation. Related to the challenges involved in classifying firms to the environment industry is the issue of identifying the employees who work in environment-related activities. Currently, the published data on employment include only the total employment of those businesses producing environmental goods and services, i.e., employees who worked in the production/provision of goods and services that have both environmental and non-environmental applications.

Description:

This report focusses on two key aspects of the dropping-out process: leaving high school without a diploma, and returning to high school after having dropped out.

Description:

In 2001, the total value of certain farm investments for environmental protection was $170.9 million, an average of $1,091 per farm. These investments accounted for a very small proportion of total investments by Canadian farmers.

In some cases, there are substantial differences in environmental protection investments between provinces and between farm types. Farms in Quebec, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia spend more on environmental protection, as do hog, dairy and poultry farms.

The data in this article are from the Farm Financial Survey (FFS). The data were collected by telephone interview from a sample of 18,000 farms with a gross farm income of $10,000 or more. The purpose of the survey is to collect financial data, chiefly on assets, debt, revenues, expenses and investments.

In 2002, for the first time, the survey collected data on the amount of money invested in 2001 in certain environmental protection improvements: manure storage systems; pesticide, chemical or fuel storage systems; and shelterbelts, windbreaks, buffer strips or fences for waterway protection.

Description:

In general, organic food in supermarkets tends to cost more compared with the same food grown in a non-organic fashion. Consumers may believe, as a result, that producers of organic food must be receiving more for their product than do their non-organic farming counterparts.

Thus, the question begs to be asked: Are organic farmers able to charge more for their produce than non-organic producers? In other words, do organic producers receive a price premium? This is difficult to answer, as there is limited information on prices that farmers receive directly for their produce.

Description:

This Juristat provides an overview of young offenders in correctional service programs in Canada for 2001/02. Programs include custodial remand, secure and open custody, and community-based programs such as probation and alternative measures.

Description:

The pattern of suicide among immigrants is closer to that in their countries of birth than to that of the Canadian-born population. Suicide rates of immigrants are about half those of the Canadian-born. Among immigrants, suicide rates increase with age, but among people born in Canada, rates are highest in middle age.

Description:

Five-year relative survival ratios for prostate and breast cancer rose substantially in the 1985 to 1987 and the 1992 to 1994 periods. Increases in survival ratios for colorectal cancer over the same periods were smaller, but still statistically significant. Relative survival for lung cancer changed little.

Description:

In 2000/01, 28% of Canadians aged 20 or older reported having had a flu shot in the previous year, up from 16% in 1996/97. Close to two-thirds of seniors and one-half of people with chronic conditions had been vaccinated. Among the minority of seniors who did not get a flu shot, the main reason for not getting a shot was that they thought it was unnecessary.

Description: The infographic uses data from the integrated file of the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2016 Census, the 2021 Census and the T1 Family File to compare the job quality of Indigenous graduates with a bachelor's degree with that of non-racialized and non-Indigenous graduates two years after graduation. Job quality indicators include employment income, unionization rate, and employer pension plan coverage rate.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic provides details about the number of graduates and median employment income two years after graduation for international postsecondary students, by educational qualification and field of study.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: I.P. Fellegi and D. Holt proposed a systematic approach to automatic edit and imputation. An implementation of this proposal was a Generalized Edit and Imputation System by the Hot-Deck Approach, that was utilized in the edit and imputation of the 1976 Canadian Census of Population and Housing. This paper discusses that application, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology with some empirical evidence. The system will be considered in relation to the general issues of the edit and imputation of survey data. Some directions for future developments will also be considered.

Description: Owners of small businesses complain about the quantity of forms they are required to collectors of statistics. Administrative data are an alternative source but do not usually include all the information required by the survey takers.

The “Tax Data Imputation System” makes use of tax data collected from a large number of businesses by Revenue Canada and data obtained by sample survey for a small subset of these businesses. Survey data is imputed (estimated) for all the businesses not actually surveyed using a “hot-deck” technique, with adjustments made to ensure certain edit rules are satisfied. The results of a simulation study suggest that this procedure has reasonable statistical properties. Estimators (of means or totals) are unbiased with variances of comparable size to the corresponding ratio estimators.

Description: Frames designed for continuous surveys are sometimes used for ad hoc surveys which require selection of sampling units separate from those selected for the continuous survey. This paper presents an unbiased extension of Keyfitz’s (1951) sample updating method to the case where a portion of the frame has been reserved for surveys other than the main continuous survey. A simple although biased alternative is presented.

The scope under Platek and Singh’s (1975) design strategy for an area based continuous survey requiring updating is then expanded to encompass rotation of first stage units, establishment of a separate special survey sub-frame, and procedures to prevent re-selection of ultimate sampling units.

The methods are evaluated in a Monte Carlo study using Census data to simulate the design for the Canadian Labour Force Survey.

Description: Some estimators alternative to the usual PPS estimator are suggested in this paper for situations where the size measure used for PPS sampling is not correlated with the study variable and where data are available on another supplementary variable (size measure). Properties of these estimators are studied under super-population models and also empirically.

Description:

The problems of dealing with non-response at various stages of survey planning are discussed with implications for the mean square error, practicality and possible advantages and disadvantages. Conceptual issues of editing and imputation are also considered with regard to complexity and levels of imputation. The methods of imputation include weighting, duplication, and substitution of historical records. The paper includes some methodology on the bias and variance.

Description:

A chronological account of the development of Canada’s central statistical agency is presented in this paper with emphasis on the importance of adapting the organization to the demands of the times.

Description: When a two-stage sample is used to collect data, the correlations between the sampled units make the ?2 test of independence invalid. Use of the ordinary ?2 tables generally results in a test which is greater than the desired level of significance. The effect of the sample design comes from two main areas: the sample size within PSU’s and the degree to which the characteristics are independent within each PSU. The effect of the sample size within PSU’s is greatest when there is no independence within each PSU, and diminishes as the degree of independence increases.

Description: The impact on linear statistics of the sample design used in obtaining survey data is the subject of much of sampling literature. Recently, more attention has been paid to the design’s impact on non-linear statistics; the major factor inhibiting these investigations has been the problem of estimating at least the first two moments of such statistics. The present article examines the problem of estimating the variances of non-linear statistics from complex samples, in the light of existing literature. The behaviour of the chi-square statistic computed from a complex sample to test hypotheses of goodness of fit or independence is studied. Alternative tests are developed and their properties studied in simulation experiments.

Description: This paper describes a survey design established to measure truck commodity flows in Peru. The article addresses the conceptual and operational features of the survey design as well as describing its elements and implementation techniques in the context of a pilot project. Finally, the paper illustrates how the results of this pilot might be used to design and implement a full-scale national survey.

Description: The total variance of a survey estimate incorporates sampling variance, simple response variance and correlated response variance. The last component reflects the part of the total variance due to a common influence on a group of respondents. In the Canadian census, self-enumeration was adopted as the standard method of enumeration in the 1971 Census. One factor in favor of introducing this method was evidence, from the 1961 Census, that correlated response variance made an important contribution to the total variance of census estimates. Based on a study conducted using interpenetration of interviewers, this article compares correlated response variances from the 1961, 1971 and 1976 Censuses. The empirical results demonstrate that although the self-enumeration adopted in the 1971 Census did not completely remove the correlated response variance, this approach has considerably reduced the magnitude of this component of variance for almost all the characteristics examined.

Description: The fact sheets in this series provide an "at-a-glance" overview of particular aspects of education in Canada and summarize key data trends in selected tables published as part of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP).

The PCEIP mission is to publish a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada for policy makers, practitioners and the general public to monitor the performance of education systems across jurisdictions and over time. PCEIP is a joint venture of Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC).

Description:

The articles published in EnviroStats use statistics to illustrate topical environmental issues. The publication is intended for a general readership rather than an expert audience.

Description:

The documents in this collection are based on data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, a survey that examines a variety of topics on the well-being of Canadians and measures the effect of changes in certain areas on people's lives. The survey covers several topics, such as jobs, health, adult education and training, income and earnings, as well as the family dynamic. Reports on the survey content, concepts, methodology and data quality are also available.

Description:

This report helps users understand how we balance protecting confidentiality and meeting needs for data. It provides information at a high level for major variables such as those related to gender, Indigenous peoples, visible minority, ethnocultural diversity, instruction in the official minority language and religious groups.

Description:

Human Activity and the Environment (16-201-X) focuses on current environmental issues. The latest information and statistics are gathered from many sources to produce an in-depth analytical article.

Description:

Health fact sheets will include short, focused, single-theme analysis documents. Over the course of the series, analysis will include topics on: Health conditions, lifestyle, well-being, disability, prevention and detection of disease, deaths, pregnancy and birth, health care services and environmental factors.

Description:

The Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada analyses recent demographic patterns at the national, provincial and subprovincial levels. Trends in population growth and the evolution of the various components of Canada's population growth - fertility, mortality and migration (interprovincial and international) - as well as marital status, are examined. The Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada has been published annually or biennially since 1985. Beginning in 2011, the Report is available as a dynamic, internet-only publication in order to provide the most recent data and analyses on Canadian demographics as soon as they are available.

Description: Articles in the Economic Insights series highlight issues related to the growth and development of Canada's economy. In some cases, these articles highlight new insights or synthesize the results of previous research carried out by Statistics Canada; in others, they provide contextual information that accompanies the release of new data or updates from previous papers. The Economic Insights series features concise examinations of economic events, research results, trends, and important structural changes in the economy.

Description:

Over 80 indicators measure the health of the Canadian population and the effectiveness of the health care system. Designed to provide comparable information at the health region and provincial/territorial levels, these data are produced from a wide range of the most recently available sources.

This Internet publication is produced by Statistics Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Description: The Indigenous Peoples Survey (IPS) is a national survey on the social and economic conditions of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit. The objectives of the IPS are to identify the needs of these Indigenous groups and to inform policy and programming activities aimed at improving the well-being of Indigenous peoples. The IPS aims to provide current and relevant data for a variety of stakeholders, including Indigenous organizations, communities, service providers, researchers, governments and the general public.

The 2017 APS represents the fifth cycle of the survey and focuses on participation in the Canadian economy, transferable skills, practical training, use of information technology and Indigenous language attainment of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit aged 15 years and over.

The 2022 IPS represents the sixth cycle of the survey and focuses on families and children including child care, access to services, family stability, intergenerational trauma and discrimination, sense of belonging, and Indigenous languages and culture, of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit aged 1 year and over.