Analysis

Description:

The report examines income and low income in census metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. It examines the situation of families and the neighbourhoods they live in. It also examines the situation of recent immigrants, Aboriginal people and lone-parent family members.

Median pre-tax income rose in virtually all Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs) over the 1980 to 2000 period. Incomes increased at both the top and bottom of the income distribution, but tended to rise faster at the top. In nearly all cities, income increased faster in the higher income neighbourhoods - measured at the census tract (CT) level - than it did in lower income neighbourhoods. The incidence of low income was at similar levels in 1980 and 2000, but the demographic composition of low income changed, reflecting rising low-income rates among some 'at-risk' groups, as well as demographic changes in the CMA. By 2000, recent immigrants comprised more of the low-income population, and a greater share of the residents in low-income neighbourhoods than they did in 1980. Recent immigrants had much higher low-income rates in 2000 than in 1980. In 2000, Aboriginal people and people in single-parent families had much higher low-income rates than others and were over-represented in low-income neighbourhoods. The share of income that low-income families received from government transfers rose over the period. The location of low-income neighbourhoods changed in some CMAs, reflecting a decline in low-income neighbourhoods in the city centre and a rise in low-income neighbourhoods in more suburban areas.

The report examines before-tax income in CMAs using the 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses of Canada.

Description:

The collection of firms producing environmental goods and delivering environmental services constitutes the 'environment industry.' This industry has grown significantly in the past 20 years and stands to continue this development in the future as emerging issues such as the level of greenhouse gas emissions are addressed.

An important aspect in the evaluation of the industry's performance is in the area of job creation and employment generation. Related to the challenges involved in classifying firms to the environment industry is the issue of identifying the employees who work in environment-related activities. Currently, the published data on employment include only the total employment of those businesses producing environmental goods and services, i.e., employees who worked in the production/provision of goods and services that have both environmental and non-environmental applications.

Description:

This report focusses on two key aspects of the dropping-out process: leaving high school without a diploma, and returning to high school after having dropped out.

Description:

In 2001, the total value of certain farm investments for environmental protection was $170.9 million, an average of $1,091 per farm. These investments accounted for a very small proportion of total investments by Canadian farmers.

In some cases, there are substantial differences in environmental protection investments between provinces and between farm types. Farms in Quebec, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia spend more on environmental protection, as do hog, dairy and poultry farms.

The data in this article are from the Farm Financial Survey (FFS). The data were collected by telephone interview from a sample of 18,000 farms with a gross farm income of $10,000 or more. The purpose of the survey is to collect financial data, chiefly on assets, debt, revenues, expenses and investments.

In 2002, for the first time, the survey collected data on the amount of money invested in 2001 in certain environmental protection improvements: manure storage systems; pesticide, chemical or fuel storage systems; and shelterbelts, windbreaks, buffer strips or fences for waterway protection.

Description:

In general, organic food in supermarkets tends to cost more compared with the same food grown in a non-organic fashion. Consumers may believe, as a result, that producers of organic food must be receiving more for their product than do their non-organic farming counterparts.

Thus, the question begs to be asked: Are organic farmers able to charge more for their produce than non-organic producers? In other words, do organic producers receive a price premium? This is difficult to answer, as there is limited information on prices that farmers receive directly for their produce.

Description:

This Juristat provides an overview of young offenders in correctional service programs in Canada for 2001/02. Programs include custodial remand, secure and open custody, and community-based programs such as probation and alternative measures.

Description:

The pattern of suicide among immigrants is closer to that in their countries of birth than to that of the Canadian-born population. Suicide rates of immigrants are about half those of the Canadian-born. Among immigrants, suicide rates increase with age, but among people born in Canada, rates are highest in middle age.

Description:

Five-year relative survival ratios for prostate and breast cancer rose substantially in the 1985 to 1987 and the 1992 to 1994 periods. Increases in survival ratios for colorectal cancer over the same periods were smaller, but still statistically significant. Relative survival for lung cancer changed little.

Description:

In 2000/01, 28% of Canadians aged 20 or older reported having had a flu shot in the previous year, up from 16% in 1996/97. Close to two-thirds of seniors and one-half of people with chronic conditions had been vaccinated. Among the minority of seniors who did not get a flu shot, the main reason for not getting a shot was that they thought it was unnecessary.

Description:

This study profiles Canadian workers with low weekly earnings in their main job in 1996 and examines their upward mobility in 2001, using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Using data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Census of Population, 2021, this infographic provides information on enrolment in Canadian public postsecondary institutions for transgender and non-binary people.

Description: The infographic uses data from the integrated file of the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2016 Census, the 2021 Census and the T1 Family File to compare the job quality of Indigenous graduates with a bachelor's degree with that of non-racialized and non-Indigenous graduates two years after graduation. Job quality indicators include employment income, unionization rate, and employer pension plan coverage rate.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This article presents the findings of an experimental design set up to study the variation in refusal rates to the different modules of the physical measures component of the Canada Health Survey. The study indicated that interviewer teams have a significant impact on refusal rates. Also, a large proportion of the refusals was due to total family refusals rather than individual refusals within responding families.

Description: Raking ratio estimators give estimates of the population values of characteristics examined on a sample basis utilizing the row and column totals of a contingency table of characteristics examined on a 100% basis. In this paper, the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of a sample characteristic subject to the marginal constraints of the above contingency table is derived. From this, we are able to compute the loss in efficiency of the raking ratio estimators relative to the maximum likelihood estimator in an empirical study.

Description:

This paper advances the case that administrative records are a powerful source of statistics and in support of this conclusion provides an overview of the extensive utilization in Canada of administrative records for statistical purposes. The paper discusses recent developments and the changing environment which are seen as major determinants of both the creation of administrative data bases as well as their utilization. The capabilities of the computer, combined with the extensive demand for statistics and the limited financial resources available to meet that demand, are seen as combining to lead to more extensive use of administrative records. A variety of problems associated with the use of administrative records is specified and the development of strategies to meet these problems and permit utilization of administrative records is described. Recent developments in Canada intended to support the use of administrative records are indicated.

Description:

Non-response exists in any survey, but its magnitude depends upon the type of survey, the interviewers’ ability to conduct an interview, and the respondents’ motivation to respond to survey questions. This paper discusses non-response in relation to a number of household surveys and in particular the behaviour of non-response rates over time in a continuous survey such as the Canadian Labour Force Survey.

A profile of interviewers employed by Statistics Canada shows that the correlation between non-response and a number of interviewer characteristics is not significant. Respondents themselves, and their motivation, are the key elements in an interview process and therefore in respondent relations.

This article draws on the results of various studies conducted to investigate the effects of response burden, choice of respondent and response incentives to provide some insight into the characteristics of non-respondents.

Description:

Madow [1968] has proposed a two-phase sampling scheme under which response bias can be eliminated from sample surveys by obtaining “true” values for a subsample of the original sample. Often in cases of Censuses or ongoing surveys, the subsample data are not used to correct the main survey estimates but to assess their reliability. The main purpose of this paper is to present methods by which reliability estimates can be obtained when true values can be determined for a subsample of units.

Description:

Random rounding is a technique to ensure confidentiality of aggregate statistics. By randomly rounding all the components of a total, independently, together with the random rounding of the total itself, substantial discrepancies may arise when aggregating the published data. This paper presents a procedure which avoids substantial discrepancies while still protecting the concept of confidentiality.

Description:

The Geography working paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics covering conceptual, methodological or technical work to support the development and dissemination of the division's data, products and services. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the Geography Division with comments and suggestions.

Description:

As Statistics Canada celebrates a significant milestone in 2018, it is time to take a look back at our history to see where we have been and what we have done over the past century. At the same time, it is a chance to reflect on where the agency is headed in the future. This series of articles shows how our work has evolved since 1918: where we started, how we have evolved and what we do now.

Description:

This series of analytical reports provides an overview of the Canadian labour market experiences of immigrants to Canada, based on data from the Labour Force Survey. These reports examine the labour force characteristics of immigrants, by reporting on employment and unemployment at the Canada level, for the provinces and large metropolitan areas. They also provide more detailed analysis by region of birth, as well as in-depth analysis of other specific aspects of the immigrant labour market.

Description:

Historical works allow readers to peer into the past, not only to satisfy our curiosity about “the way things were,” but also to see how far we’ve come, and to learn from the past. For Statistics Canada, such works are also opportunities to commemorate the agency’s contributions to Canada and its people, and serve as a reminder that an institution such as this continues to evolve each and every day.

On the occasion of Statistics Canada’s 100th anniversary in 2018, Standing on the shoulders of giants: History of Statistics Canada: 1970 to 2008, builds on the work of two significant publications on the history of the agency, picking up the story in 1970 and carrying it through the next 36 years, until 2008. To that end, when enough time has passed to allow for sufficient objectivity, it will again be time to document the agency’s next chapter as it continues to tell Canada’s story in numbers.

Description: This publication presents an overview of recent economic developments in the provinces and territories. The overview covers several broad areas: 1) gross domestic product (GDP) by income and by expenditure, 2) GDP by industry, 3) labour productivity and other related variables.

The publication examines trends in the major aggregates that comprise GDP, both income- and expenditure-based, as well as prices and the financing of economic activity by institutional sector. GDP is also examined by industry. The productivity estimates are meant to assist in the analysis of the short-run relationship among the fluctuations of output, employment, compensation and hours worked. Some issues also contain more technical articles, explaining national accounts methodology or analysing a particular aspect of the economy.

This publication carries the detailed analyses, charts and statistical tables that, prior to its first issue, were released in The Daily (11-001-XIE) under the headings Provincial Economic Accounts and Provincial Gross Domestic Product by industry.

Description:

Understanding the role of women in Canadian society and how it has changed over time is dependent on having information that can begin to shed light on the diverse circumstances and experiences of women. Women in Canada provides an unparalleled compilation of data related to women's family status, education, employment, economic well-being, unpaid work, health, and more.

Women in Canada allows readers to better understand the experience of women compared to that of men. Recognizing that women are not a homogenous group and that experiences differ not only across gender but also within gender groups, Women in Canada includes chapters on immigrant women, women in a visible minority, Aboriginal women, senior women, and women with participation and activity limitations.

Description:

The publication provides data users, health professionals and individual Canadians with geometric means and selected percentiles of blood and urine concentrations of selected environmental chemicals for the Canadian population by sex and age group. The results presented in this publication were collected during cycle 4 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey from January 2014 to December 2015.

Description: In 2018, Statistics Canada will celebrate its 100th anniversary. As we count down to this important milestone, we would like to use our data to highlight some of the sweeping changes that have had a lasting impact on Canadian society and economy.

Description:

The Record Linkage Project Process Model (RLPPM) was developed by Statistics Canada to identify the processes and activities involved in record linkage. The RLPPM applies to linkage projects conducted at the individual and enterprise level using diverse data sources to create new data sources to meet analytical and operational needs.

Description:

Each issue of Health at a Glance consists of a short non-technical article on topics that feature statistics from health-related surveys and administrative data.