Analysis

Description:

In Canada, provincial and federal demographers have attempted to use various sets of administrative data to estimate migration flows. This paper presents the development of intra-provincial migration estimates using driver’s licence data in Ontario. An evaluation of these migration estimates has been carried out by comparing with those derived from the income tax data by Statistics Canada. Both files provide equally good and complimentary estimates of intra-provincial migration.

Description:

This paper examines the use of administrative files from Alberta’s Health Care Insurance Plans combined with Vital Statistics data as inputs for estimating population. Results, which are presented and compared with Census data, indicate that Health Care data can be used to produce accurate population estimates at the provincial level and for smaller areas such as census divisions and municipalities.

Description:

The accuracy of small area population estimates derived from a regression based model is heavily dependent on the ability of the indicator data selected to accurately reflect population change. Hence, prior knowledge as to the characteristics of the administrative data used as potential population indicators in a regression model is important. This report summarizes the strengths and weaknesses associated with the use of residential hydro accounts in the British Columbia regression based population estimation model.

Description:

This paper describes a method of producing current age/sex specific population estimates for small areas utilizing as inputs total population estimates, birth and death data and estimates of historical residual net migration. An evaluation based on the 1981 Census counts for census divisions and school districts in British Columbia is presented.

Description:

A methodology has been developed for producing population estimates by single years of age and sex for small areas (census divisions and census metropolitan areas). To assure reliability, the estimates by single years of age are grouped into five years and only these grouped data are recomended for dissemination. They are based on the age-sex composition of population from the last census, births by sex, deaths by single years of age and sex, estimates of migration by age and sex, and counts of family allowance recipients in the age group 1-14 years.

Description:

Statistics Canada’s current methodologies forestimating the population of census divisions and census metropolitan areas are the regression-nested and component methods. This paper presents the experience with these estimates for the period 1981 to 1985, focusing on problems encountered with the input data on family allowance recipients.

Description:

There are many people called statisticians who carry out a very diverse set of activities which are labelled statistics. As part of the invited address at the 1985 meeting of the Statistical Society of Canada, the author presents his views and discusses the nature of the relationships between the different types of statisticians.

Description:

Unit and item nonresponse almost always occur in surveys and censuses. The larger its size the larger its potential effect will be on survey estimates. It is, therefore, important to cope with it at every stage where they can be affected. At varying degrees the size of nonresponse can be coped with at design, field and processing stages. The nonresponse problems have an impact on estimation formulas for various statistics as a result of imputations and weight adjustments along with survey weights in the estimates of means, totals, or other statistics. The formulas may be decomposed into components that include response errors, the effect of weight adjustment for unit nonresponse, and the effect of substitution for nonresponse. The impacts of the design, field, and processing stages on the components of the estimates are examined.

Description:

Conventional methods of inference in survey sampling are critically examined. The need for conditioning the inference on recognizable subsets of the population is emphasized. A number of real examples involving random sample sizes are presented to illustrate inferences conditional on the realized sample configuration and associated difficulties. The examples include the following: estimation of (a) population mean under simple random sampling; (b) population mean in the presence of outliers; (c) domain total and domain mean; (d) population mean with two-way stratification; (e) population mean in the presence of non-responses; (f) population mean under general designs. The conditional bias and the conditional variance of estimators of a population mean (or a domain mean or total), and the associated confidence intervals, are examined.

Description:

The cost-variance optimization of the design of the Canadian Labour Force Survey was carried out in two steps. First, the sample designs were optimized for each of the two major area types, the Self-Representing (SR) and the Non-Self-Representing (NSR) areas. Cost models were developed and parameters estimated from a detailed field study and by simulation, while variances were estimated using data from the Census of Population. The scope of the optimization included the allocation of sample to the two stages in the SR design, and the consideration of two alternatives to the old design in NSR areas. The second stage of optimization was the allocation of sample to SR and NSR areas.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic examines declines in Canadians’ well-being over the past few years, and how these downward changes vary across different segments of the population. Life satisfaction, financial difficulty, and future outlook, which are key quality of life indicators, are presented.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic uses data from the Labour Force Survey to look at trends in employment and wage among mothers with young children (age 5 and under). Special attention is paid to differences based on partnership status of mothers.

Description:

This article presents the results of the reconciliation of the bilateral current account estimates of Canada and the United States for 1998 and 1999.

Description:

The main objective of this article is to provide a better understanding of Canada's funeral services industry and how it fared in the 1990's. The article will examine the industry's performance, cost structure and some characteristics of its workforce.

Description:

These research bulletins focus on the analysis of population trends in rural Canada.

Description:

This study looks at the number of Canadians logging onto the Internet by province and geographical area, time spent on the Internet, uses of this new medium, education and income.

Description:

Developments in the relative wages of more and less educated workers during the early 1990s are examined using the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the role of international trade in determining the wage differential between workers with post-secondary certification and those without. It is shown that in the absence of the relatively greater growth in the supply of more educated workers, the gap between the wages of more and less educated workers would have increased. After controlling for some of the most likely influences on real wages it is found that international trade has a significant positive impact on the wages of both more and less educated workers. However, the impact on the more highly educated seems to be some four times stronger, roughly the same as the impact of technological change

Description:

The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which an individual's use of unemployment insurance (UI) as a young adult is influenced by past experience with the program, and by having had a parent who also collected UI. A major methodological challenge is to determine the extent to which the intergenerational correlation of UI status is "spurious" or causal. Both the time to a first UI claim and the entire sequence of claims over an extended period are examined using two alternative ways of controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. The analysis is based upon longitudinal data on a cohort of young Canadian and Swedish men. It is found that parental use of UI shortens the time to a first UI claim in Canada, but not in Sweden. Subsequent participation in the Canadian program is influenced by parental UI history. In Sweden individual learning through past participation in UI - not family background - is the dominant avenue determining repeated participation.

Description:

This paper incorporates a detailed description of the methods used to arrive at the various low income cut-offs. It also provides an explanation of how base years are defined and how the cut-offs are updated using the Consumer Price Index.

Description:

This report provides an overview of residential, business and 'other' break and enter (B & E) offences in Canada, including trends at the national, provincial and metropolitan area levels, as well as characteristics of B & E incidents, accused persons and victims. In addition the offence known as "home invasion" is also discussed. Data are examined from both the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey and the General Social Survey (GSS) on victimization. Data from both youth and adult court are examined to look at the types of sentences being given to persons convicted of B & E offences.

Description:

This paper attempts to quantify the magnitude of economic disparity among Canadian provinces. It uses the average annual earning of a province as an indicator of economic well-being for that province.

Description:

In this paper, we use census tract data to analyse changes in neighbourhood income inequality and residential economic segregation in the eight largest Canadian cities during the 1980-95 period. Is the income gap between richer and poorer neighbourhoods rising? Are high and low-income families increasingly clustered in economically homogeneous neighbourhoods? The main results are an elaboration of the spatial implications of the well documented changes that have occurred in family income and earnings inequality since 1980. We find that between neighbourhood family income (post-transfer/pre-tax) inequality rose in all cities driven by a substantial rise in neighbourhood (employment) earnings inequality. Real average earnings fell, sometimes dramatically, in low-income neighbourhoods in virtually all cities while rising moderately in higher income neighbourhoods. Strikingly, social transfers, which were the main factor stabilizing national level income inequality in the face of rising earnings inequality, had only a modest impact on changes in neighbourhood inequality. Changes in the neighbourhood distribution of earnings signal significant change in the social and economic character of many neighbourhoods. Employment was increasingly concentrated in higher income communities and unemployment in lower income neighbourhoods. Finally, we ask whether neighbourhood inequality rose primarily as a result of rising family income inequality in the city as a whole or because families were increasingly sorting themselves into "like" neighbourhoods so that neighbourhoods were becoming more economically homogeneous (economic "segregation"). We find that economic spatial segregation increased in all cities and was the major factor behind rising neighbourhood inequality in four of the eight cities. A general rise in urban family income inequality was the main factor in the remaining four cities.

Description: Demographic documents is a series of texts intended for scholars and researchers, published occasionally by the Demography Division of Statistics Canada for their methodological, analytical or descriptive interest in the population field.

Description: This article presents results from the first Survey of Sexual Misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces. Namely, the prevalence of general sexualized behaviour in the workplace; discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity; personal experiences of discrimination or sexualized behaviour; the prevalence of sexual assault; and knowledge of policies on sexual misconduct and perceptions of responses to sexual misconduct are examined. Where possible, results are analyzed by sex, environmental command, type of service, age, rank, and number of years of service.

Description: This publication features short, informative articles focusing on specific justice-related issues. For more in-depth articles on justice in Canada, see also Juristat, Catalogue no. 85-002-X.

Description:

Each issue contains a short article highlighting statistical insights on themes relating to agriculture, food and rural issues.

Description: This publication presents energy balance sheets in natural units and heat equivalents in primary and secondary forms, by province. Each balance sheet shows data on production, trade, interprovincial movements, conversion and consumption by sector. Analytical tables and details on non-energy products are also included. It includes explanatory notes, a historical energy summary table and data analysis. The publication also presents data on natural gas liquids, electricity generated from fossil fuels, solid wood waste and spent pulping liquor.

Description: The Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy (DSDS) outlines departmental actions, with measurable performance indicators, that support the implementation strategies of the 2022-2026 Federal Sustainable Development Strategy. The DSDS further outlines Statistics Canada’s sustainable development vision to produce data to help track whether Canada is moving toward a more sustainable future and highlights projects with links to supporting sustainable development goals.

Description: This series provides detailed documentation on the issues, concepts, methodology, data quality and other relevant research related to household expenditures from the Survey of Household Spending, the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey and the Food Expenditure Survey.

Description: This report summarizes the annual achievements of the Methodology Research and Development Program (MRDP) sponsored by the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch at Statistics Canada. This program covers research and development activities in statistical methods with potentially broad application in the agency’s statistical programs; these activities would otherwise be less likely to be carried out during the provision of regular methodology services to those programs. The MRDP also includes activities that provide support in the application of past successful developments in order to promote the use of the results of research and development work. Selected prospective research activities are also presented.

Description: The series covers environment accounts and indicators, environmental surveys, spatial environmental information and other research related to environmental statistics. The technical paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a range of environmental topics.

Description: This series of analytical articles provides insights on the socio-economic environment in rural communities in Canada. New articles will be released periodically.