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- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021007Description:
An increase in the economic participation of women has been identified as a major driver of economic growth, leading to increased interest in supporting the entrepreneurial activities of women. This paper uses newly developed data on the gender of business owners to investigate differences in labour productivity between men-owned, women-owned and equally owned enterprises. This paper uses the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD).
Release date: 2021-08-30 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500005Description:
An important aspect of the impact of COVID-19 is its disproportional impact across gender. This Insights article proposes a year-over-year approach that compares employment from March 2020 to February 2021 to their March-2019-to-February-2020 counterparts. It uses the Labour Force Survey to study gender gaps patterns in employment by industrial sector (goods or services) and firm size.
Release date: 2021-05-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021002Description:
This study analyzes the determinants of entry into business ownership (defined as ownership of private incorporated businesses). Entrants into business ownership are defined as individuals who were primarily business owners in 2016, but not in 2015. An individual can become an entrant by starting an enterprise or acquiring shares of an existing private enterprise. Using a matched employer–employee database over the 2011-to-2016 period for approximately 24 million individuals, this study assesses the role of factors including personal characteristics, labour market experience and family characteristics.
Release date: 2021-03-08 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100100005Description:
Around the world, one critical response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the implementation of physical distancing measures. These policies, which are necessary to contain the spread of the virus, have had serious consequences on the organization of work. This study used the Labour Force Survey (LFS), which makes it possible to compare the estimates of the hours worked in an employee’s main job in 2020 with the 2017-to-2019 average of hours worked (hereafter referred to as the “baseline”). The main contribution of the article is that it provides estimates of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic not only by industry and province but also by firm size, which is an important dimension more rarely discussed.
Release date: 2021-01-27 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020010Description:
Studies have found that women-owned enterprises lag men-owned enterprises in business performance such as sales, profits and employment. This lower performance has been attributed to several factors like financial constraints, industrial sector or lack of prior relevant experience. However, the studies that investigated the role of prior experience often lacked detailed quantitative evidence. This paper fills this gap by taking advantage of the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD) over the 2001 to 2015 period.
Release date: 2020-06-16 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020006Description:
This paper examines the role of firm characteristics in accounting for the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion in the Canadian business sector between 2002 and 2015. It uses two decomposition methods to analyze the level of and changes in the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion by firm characteristics, such as productivity, globalization status (importing, exporting, foreign ownership), technology intensity, firm size, firm age, industry and geographic region.
Release date: 2020-02-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019014Description:
Canada has a relatively large foreign-born population, and the country’s economic prosperity depends on international trade. This paper examines how these two characteristics are linked. Specifically, it investigates the effect of immigrant business ownership on international trade in Canada.
Understanding the impact of immigrants on international trade is particularly important for Canada, as it is a small open economy with a relatively large immigrant population. This paper empirically investigates the effect of immigrant business ownership on international trade in Canada using a newly developed firm-level database with detailed business ownership and trade information. The new data make it possible to better distinguish between the effect immigrants have on reducing information costs and on product demand, and to assess the impact of immigrant business ownership on the extensive and intensive margins of international trade.
Release date: 2019-05-13 - 8. Women-owned Enterprises in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-626-X2018083Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series presents new estimates for women-owned and men owned enterprises in Canada. It uses a unique employer–employee matched database developed using administrative data that covers both business owners and their businesses. A private enterprise is defined as women-owned if women have a majority interest (at least 51%) in the enterprise.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - 9. The Measurement of Business Ownership by Gender in the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-633-X2018017Description:
Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018407Description:
Entrepreneurial activity has long been argued as an important driver of innovation, job creation, and productivity growth. However, measuring entrepreneurial activity is not easy. Using a newly developed administrative database of firms and workers, the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD), over the period from 2001 to 2013, this paper distinguishes incorporated self-employment from unincorporated self-employment, and compares the entry and exit dynamics of the two types of self-employment by age, gender and province. The large number of observations in CEEDD and its longitudinal nature make this detailed analysis possible.
Release date: 2018-07-09
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Articles and reports (10)
Articles and reports (10) ((10 results))
- Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021007Description:
An increase in the economic participation of women has been identified as a major driver of economic growth, leading to increased interest in supporting the entrepreneurial activities of women. This paper uses newly developed data on the gender of business owners to investigate differences in labour productivity between men-owned, women-owned and equally owned enterprises. This paper uses the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD).
Release date: 2021-08-30 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500005Description:
An important aspect of the impact of COVID-19 is its disproportional impact across gender. This Insights article proposes a year-over-year approach that compares employment from March 2020 to February 2021 to their March-2019-to-February-2020 counterparts. It uses the Labour Force Survey to study gender gaps patterns in employment by industrial sector (goods or services) and firm size.
Release date: 2021-05-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021002Description:
This study analyzes the determinants of entry into business ownership (defined as ownership of private incorporated businesses). Entrants into business ownership are defined as individuals who were primarily business owners in 2016, but not in 2015. An individual can become an entrant by starting an enterprise or acquiring shares of an existing private enterprise. Using a matched employer–employee database over the 2011-to-2016 period for approximately 24 million individuals, this study assesses the role of factors including personal characteristics, labour market experience and family characteristics.
Release date: 2021-03-08 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100100005Description:
Around the world, one critical response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been the implementation of physical distancing measures. These policies, which are necessary to contain the spread of the virus, have had serious consequences on the organization of work. This study used the Labour Force Survey (LFS), which makes it possible to compare the estimates of the hours worked in an employee’s main job in 2020 with the 2017-to-2019 average of hours worked (hereafter referred to as the “baseline”). The main contribution of the article is that it provides estimates of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic not only by industry and province but also by firm size, which is an important dimension more rarely discussed.
Release date: 2021-01-27 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020010Description:
Studies have found that women-owned enterprises lag men-owned enterprises in business performance such as sales, profits and employment. This lower performance has been attributed to several factors like financial constraints, industrial sector or lack of prior relevant experience. However, the studies that investigated the role of prior experience often lacked detailed quantitative evidence. This paper fills this gap by taking advantage of the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD) over the 2001 to 2015 period.
Release date: 2020-06-16 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020006Description:
This paper examines the role of firm characteristics in accounting for the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion in the Canadian business sector between 2002 and 2015. It uses two decomposition methods to analyze the level of and changes in the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion by firm characteristics, such as productivity, globalization status (importing, exporting, foreign ownership), technology intensity, firm size, firm age, industry and geographic region.
Release date: 2020-02-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019014Description:
Canada has a relatively large foreign-born population, and the country’s economic prosperity depends on international trade. This paper examines how these two characteristics are linked. Specifically, it investigates the effect of immigrant business ownership on international trade in Canada.
Understanding the impact of immigrants on international trade is particularly important for Canada, as it is a small open economy with a relatively large immigrant population. This paper empirically investigates the effect of immigrant business ownership on international trade in Canada using a newly developed firm-level database with detailed business ownership and trade information. The new data make it possible to better distinguish between the effect immigrants have on reducing information costs and on product demand, and to assess the impact of immigrant business ownership on the extensive and intensive margins of international trade.
Release date: 2019-05-13 - 8. Women-owned Enterprises in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-626-X2018083Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series presents new estimates for women-owned and men owned enterprises in Canada. It uses a unique employer–employee matched database developed using administrative data that covers both business owners and their businesses. A private enterprise is defined as women-owned if women have a majority interest (at least 51%) in the enterprise.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - 9. The Measurement of Business Ownership by Gender in the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-633-X2018017Description:
Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018407Description:
Entrepreneurial activity has long been argued as an important driver of innovation, job creation, and productivity growth. However, measuring entrepreneurial activity is not easy. Using a newly developed administrative database of firms and workers, the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD), over the period from 2001 to 2013, this paper distinguishes incorporated self-employment from unincorporated self-employment, and compares the entry and exit dynamics of the two types of self-employment by age, gender and province. The large number of observations in CEEDD and its longitudinal nature make this detailed analysis possible.
Release date: 2018-07-09
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