Employment and unemployment

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Employment - Canada
(August 2024)

20,536,000

0.1%

(monthly change)
Unemployment rate - Canada
(August 2024)

6.6%

0.2 pts

(monthly change)

More employment and unemployment indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Average weekly earnings - Canada
(June 2024)

$1,252.85

4.0%

(12-month change)
Jobs held by men, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2022)

233,296
Jobs held by women, environmental and clean technology products sector - Canada
(2022)

94,210
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—full-time jobs - Canada
(2022)

$54.12
Average hourly wage, environmental and clean technology products sector—part-time jobs - Canada
(2022)

$36.93
Participation rate for the population aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

85.6%
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

27.7%
Workers using more than one language regularly at work - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

11.7%
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

49.8%
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

5.9%
% of workers using English or French at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

99.2%
% of workers using more than one language at work - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

15.4%

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Results

All (640)

All (640) (110 to 120 of 640 results)

111. The Impact of Short-duration Credentials After an Undergraduate Degree on Labour Market Outcomes
Articles and reports: 81-595-M2020001
Description:
This study uses longitudinal data combining information from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with data from personal income tax (T1 Family File) to analyze the impact of short-duration credentials (certificates and diplomas from colleges and universities), completed after an undergraduate degree, on the outcomes on the labour market of graduates from Canadian public universities.
Release date: 2020-10-16
112. A Canada–U.S. Comparison of the Economic Outcomes of STEM Immigrants
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020016
Description:
In both Canada and the United States, immigrants constitute a disproportionately large share of the supply of university-educated labour trained in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article examines the Canada–U.S. differences in the occupational skill utilization and earnings of STEM-educated immigrant workers. Using data from the 2016 Census for Canada and the combined 2015 to 2017 American Community Survey, this analysis focuses on immigrants with a university degree in a STEM field who were aged 25 to 64 and arrived as adults.
Release date: 2020-09-28
113. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET (not in employment, education or training) indicator, March and April 2020
Articles and reports: 81-599-X2020001
Description:
This fact sheet examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET indicator by exploring monthly Labour Force Survey data, from January 2020 to April 2020, for young Canadians aged 15 to 29. It explores the impact by age group, sex, province, educational attainment, and other characteristics.

Release date: 2020-09-24
114. Automation and the Sexes: Is Job Transformation More Likely Among Women?
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020015
Description:
Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine-learning technologies have fuelled fears of potential job losses among some workers. While the net impact of new technology on total jobs can be negative, positive or neutral, some workers may be more affected than others depending on how easily robots and algorithms can replace them, or how easily their skills complement the new technology. In the case of women and men, it is not clear who is likely to be most affected. This study estimates the risk of job transformation as a result of automation technology faced by women and men.

Release date: 2020-09-24
115. Immigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020014
Description:
Previous studies on the impact of immigration on productivity in developed countries remain inconclusive, and most analyses are abstracted from firms where production actually takes place. This study examines the empirical relationship between immigration and firm-level productivity in Canada. It uses a data file derived from linking the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database that tracks firms over time with the Longitudinal Immigration Data file (IMDB) that includes sociodemographic characteristics at landing for immigrants who arrived in Canada after 1980.
Release date: 2020-09-14
116. Survival and Performance of Start-ups by Gender of Ownership: A Canadian Cohort Analysis
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020013
Description:
This paper provides an overview of women-owned start-ups in Canada. The recently developed data on the gender of business owners, as well as longitudinal data on firm entry by cohort for Canadian private corporations, make it possible—for the first time—to examine the entry and performance of women-owned start-ups from 2005 to 2013. In this paper, the annual number, size and industry concentration of new majority women-owned firms are examined and compared with majority men-owned and equally owned entrants. Subsequently, the survival rate and performance of surviving new private corporations by gender are examined.

Release date: 2020-09-10
117. Persistent overqualification among immigrants and non-immigrants
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202000100004
Description:
Using integrated data from the 2006 and 2016 censuses, this study examines persistent overqualification over time among immigrants and non-immigrants. More specifically, the study examines the link between various characteristics associated with immigration and the probability of overqualification in both 2006 and 2016.

Release date: 2020-09-02
118. Two-step Immigration Selection: Why Did Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes Vary by Admission Programs?
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020015
Description:
This article examines the role of two-step selection in explaining differences in the short-term and medium-term outcomes of economic immigrants in four major admission programs: Federal Skilled Worker program (FSWP), Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), Quebec Skill Worker (QSWP), and Canadian Experience Class (CEC). These programs are devised to meet various national, regional and sectoral economic needs. The labour market outcomes of economic immigrants in these admission programs are of policy interest because they are often used as indicators of a program’s success. More importantly, the knowledge of which factors underlie the success of one program can help inform the improvement of other programs. It is the fourth of five articles on the two-step selection process.
Release date: 2020-08-18
119. Two-step Immigration Selection: Skilled Work Experience vs. Pre-arranged Jobs
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020016
Description:
This article asks whether pre-immigration Canadian earnings or pre-arranged job offers are the better predictor of initial labour market outcomes. The data consist of economic principal applicants admitted under Canada’s Express Entry (EE) system over the 2015 to 2016 period, derived from the Longitudinal Immigration Database. Over this two-year period, about 16% of economic principal applicants were selected under the EE system, while the majority were still selected under the pre-EE points system. Only among EE principal applicants is the information on pre-arranged job collected. It is the fifth of five articles on the two-step selection process.
Release date: 2020-08-18
120. Potential Earnings Losses among High School and Postsecondary Graduates Due to the COVID-19 Economic Downturn
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020012
Description:
In this Economic Insights article, the potential earnings losses experienced by this year’s class of high school and postsecondary graduates as a result of COVID-19 are simulated. These graduates may face very challenging conditions as they enter the labour market, which could have long-term ramifications for their earnings prospects. Consequently, earnings losses are simulated up to five years after graduation, based on various scenarios of this year’s youth unemployment rate.

Release date: 2020-07-28

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Analysis (640)

Analysis (640) (60 to 70 of 640 results)

61. Does taking short postsecondary programs or independent credits benefit recently displaced workers?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201100003
Description:
Workers who experience a permanent layoff (a job loss not followed by rejoining the same firm in the current or subsequent year) are often affected financially for several years. Based on the Longitudinal Worker File, the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2006 Census of Population, and the T1 Family File the study examines the extent to which enrolling in or graduating from short, career-oriented programs or taking independent credits is associated with more favourable post-displacement earnings patterns compared to not enrolling at all.

Release date: 2022-11-23
62. Improving the measurement of the contribution of women to the economy: Estimates of gross domestic product by gender
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000003
Description:
This paper estimates and examines the contribution to Gross domestic product (GDP) by men and by women in the Canadian economy for the first time. Up to now, increases in the educational attainment of women and their participation in the market economy are reflected in education and labour market statistics but the contribution of men and women to production has not been delineated. The paper implements a new method for measuring GDP for men and women between 2008 and 2018 based on administrative records. It informs on the rising share of activity attributable to women and documents those areas of GDP where women make the largest and smallest contributions.

Release date: 2022-10-27
63. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training: A regional analysis and international perspective
Articles and reports: 81-599-X2022001
Description:
This fact sheet examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the NEET indicator by exploring monthly Labour Force Survey data, from 2019 to 2021, for youth in Canada and selected OECD countries aged 15 to 29. It explores the impact by age group, sex, province/territory and other characteristics.

Release date: 2022-10-18
64. Who are Canada’s legislators? Characteristics and gender gaps among members of legislative bodies
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900003
Description:
In 2015, Canada witnessed its first gender-balanced federal cabinet. The share of women among candidates in federal elections and elected candidates has been increasing, although the share of women elected to the federal parliament remains lower than the share of female candidates. Using census data from 2016 and 2001, and the 2011 National Household Survey, this study presents a profile of individuals who worked as legislators in 2016 in the federal public administration; provincial or territorial public administration; or municipal, local or regional public administration, and highlights differences in socio-demographic characteristics between male and female legislators.

Release date: 2022-09-28
65. Unmasking differences in women's full-time employment
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100009
Description:
Full-time employment is an integral part of current financial well-being and can be linked to several other positive outcomes for workers. Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this article analyzes how women's full-time employment rates evolved from 2007 to 2021. It examines the extent to which aggregate statistics on full-time employment mask the distinct experiences of diverse groups of women-namely Indigenous, immigrant and Canadian-born women.

Release date: 2022-09-26
66. Differences in tenure status and feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions among male and female faculty in Canadian universities
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202200100007
Description:
This study uses 2019 data from the University and College Academic Staff System to examine gender differences in tenure status among faculty in Canadian universities. It also uses the Survey of Postsecondary Faculty and Researchers to examine feelings of fairness in hiring and promotions.

Release date: 2022-09-01
67. Employer responses to labour shortages
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200700001
Description:
As the labour market recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to assess which strategies Canadian employers plan to use over the next few months to cope with labour scarcity. This study documents the strategies that private sector businesses expecting labour shortages at the beginning of 2022 plan to use during that year to deal with personnel recruitment, retention and training. The study also investigates the degree to which businesses’ plans to offer telework and flexible scheduling varies across industries.

Release date: 2022-07-27
68. The value of unpaid childcare and paid employment by gender: What are the impacts of the low-fee universal childcare program?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200700003
Description:
This paper presents an estimate of unpaid childcare, other unpaid household activities, and paid employment in Canadian provinces for the period from 1998 to 2015. The estimate is then used to assess the effects of the low-cost childcare program launched in Quebec in 1997 on paid employment and to examine the contribution of unpaid childcare and other unpaid household activities to wellbeing and welfare in Canada.

Release date: 2022-07-27
69. Entering postsecondary education after job loss: Family-level considerations
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200600003
Description:
Every year, thousands of Canadian workers lose their job. The opportunities for coping with job loss through postsecondary education (PSE) transitions might be unequally distributed across Canadian families, perhaps even more so than across Canadian workers. Using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File (LWF), the T1 Family File (T1FF), the Post-Secondary Information System (PSIS), and the 2006 Census of Population, this study quantifies the degree to which the likelihood of entering PSE or a new field of study after job loss varies, all else equal, across types of family units and, among dual-earner couples, with the earnings or the risk of job loss of the spouse.

Release date: 2022-06-22
70. Discrimination at work, 2016
Articles and reports: 14-28-0001202000100005
Description:
In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Discrimination at work indicator is the number of persons who worked at any time in the previous 12 months and who report experiencing discrimination or unfavourable treatment while at work over this period. The estimate is expressed as the proportion of all persons who worked at some point during the previous 12 months.

Release date: 2022-05-30

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Date modified:: 2024-09-24