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- Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800410746Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article investigates associations that may underlie the blurred or positive gradient between socio-economic status (SES) and overweight, and also gender differences, by assessing the distribution of risk factors for overweight across SES groups.
Release date: 2008-12-17 - Articles and reports: 56F0004M2008016Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Internet's rapid and profound entry into our lives quite understandably makes people wonder how, both individually and collectively, we have been affected by it. When major shifts in technology use occur, utopian and dystopian views of their impact on society often abound, reflecting their disruptiveness and people's concerns. Given its complex uses, the Internet, both as a technology and as an environment, has had both beneficial and deleterious effects. Above all, though, it has had transformative effects.
Are Canadians becoming more isolated, more reclusive and less integrated in their communities as they use the Internet? Or, are they becoming more participatory and more integrated in their communities? In addition, do these communities still resemble traditional communities, or are they becoming more like social networks than cohesive groups?
To address these questions, this article organizes, analyzes and presents existing Canadian evidence. It uses survey results and research amassed by Statistics Canada and the Connected Lives project in Toronto to explore the role of the Internet in social engagement and the opportunities it represents for Canadians to be active citizens. It finds that Internet users are at least as socially engaged as non-users. They have large networks and frequent interactions with friends and family, although they tend to spend somewhat less in-person time and, of course, more time online. An appreciable number of Internet users are civically and politically engaged, using the Internet to find out about opportunities and make contact with others.
Release date: 2008-12-04 - 3. Parent and child reports of children's activity ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800310662Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This article compares child reports of their physical and sedentary activities with those of their parents. Data were obtained from the 2003 Children's Lifestyle and School-performance Study, a survey of Grade 5 students and their parents in the province of Nova Scotia.
Release date: 2008-08-20 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X200800110588Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 2006, a question on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags was introduced on the Survey of Electronic Commerce and Technology. RFID tags are currently used by organizations for a wide variety of purposes. The concept of RFID tags combines radio frequencies and bar code systems, giving mobility to logistics. The data on RFID tag usage in Canada show the application of this technology is in its infancy. The small number of organizations that use RFID tags can be explained by the newness of the technology and the potentially high costs of investment and implementation. Despite the initial costs, organizations that use RFID benefit in the longer run.
Release date: 2008-05-22 - 5. Profiling Internet use among workers in the information and communications technologies sector ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X200800110597Geography: CanadaDescription:
Internet use is a key hallmark of an information society. Assessing Internet use today goes beyond access to encompass a cluster of behaviours that reflect the individual's ability to participate productively in an information economy. This study compares the pattern of Internet use of Canadians working in the information and communications technology industries with that of other Canadians.
Release date: 2008-05-22 - 6. Mixed linear nonlinear aggregate level models for small area estimation from surveys of binary counts ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110390Description:
We propose an aggregate level generalized linear model with additive random components (GLMARC) for binary count data from surveys. It has both linear (for random effects) and nonlinear (for fixed effects) parts in modeling the mean function and hence belongs to a class termed as mixed linear non-linear models. The model allows for linear mixed model (LMM)-type approach to small area estimation (SAE) somewhat similar to the well-known Fay-Herriot (1979) method and thus takes full account of the sampling design. Unlike the alternative hierarchical Bayes (HB) approach of You and Rao (2002), the proposed method gives rise to easily interpretable SAEs and frequentist diagnostics as well as self-benchmarking to reliable large area direct estimates. The usual LMM methodology is not appropriate for the problem with count data because of lack of range restrictions on the mean function and the possibility of unrealistic (e.g. zero in the context of SAE) estimates of the variance component as the model does not allow the random effect part of the conditional mean function to depend on the marginal mean. The proposed method is an improvement of the earlier method due to Vonesh and Carter (1992) which also uses mixed linear nonlinear models but the variance-mean relationship was not accounted for although typically done via range restrictions on the random effect. Also the implications of survey design were not considered as well as the estimation of random effects. In our application for SAE, however, it is important to obtain suitable estimates of both fixed and random effects. It may be noted that unlike the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), GLMARC like LMM offers considerable simplicity in model fitting. This was made possible by replacing the original fixed and random effects of GLMM with a new set of parameters of GLMARC with quite a different interpretation as the random effect is no longer inside the nonlinear predictor function. However, this is of no consequence for SAE because the small area parameters correspond to the overall conditional means and not on individual model parameters. We propose a method of iterative BLUP for parameters estimation which allows for self-benchmarking after a suitable model enlargement. The problem of small areas with small or no sample sizes or zero direct estimates is addressed by collapsing domains only for the stage of parameter estimation. Application to the 2000-01 Canadian Community Health Survey for estimation of the proportion of daily smokers in subpopulations defined by provincial health regions by age-sex groups is presented as an illustration.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 7. Methodological challenges in analyzing nutrition data from the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110394Description:
Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition in 2004. The survey's main objective was to estimate the distributions of Canadians' usual dietary intake at the provincial level for 15 age-sex groups. Such distributions are generally estimated with the SIDE application, but with the choices that were made concerning sample design and method of estimating sampling variability, obtaining those estimates is not a simple matter. This article describes the methodological challenges in estimating usual intake distributions from the survey data using SIDE.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110441Description:
How does one efficiently estimate sample size while building concensus among multiple investigators for multi-purpose projects? We present a template using common spreadsheet software to provide estimates of power, precision, and financial costs under varying sampling scenarios, as used in development of the Ontario Tobacco Survey. In addition to cost estimates, complex sample size formulae were nested within a spreadsheet to determine power and precision, incorporating user-defined design effects and loss-to-followup. Common spreadsheet software can be used in conjunction with complex formulae to enhance knowledge exchange between the methodologists and stakeholders; in effect demystifying the "sample size black box".
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110444Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
General population health surveys often include small samples of smokers. Few longitudinal studies specific to smoking have been carried out. We discuss development of the Ontario Tobacco Survey (OTS) which combines a rolling longitudinal, and repeated cross-sectional components. The OTS began in July 2005 using random selection and data-collection by telephones. Every 6 months, new samples of smokers and non-smokers provide data on smoking behaviours and attitudes. Smokers enter a panel study and are followed for changes in smoking influences and behaviour. The design is proving to be cost effective in meeting sample requirements for multiple research objectives.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 10. Immigrant populations and myocardial infarctions ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110446Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
Immigrants have health advantages over native-born Canadians, but those advantages are threatened by specific risk situations. This study explores cardiovascular health outcomes in districts of Montréal classified by the proportion of immigrants in the population, using a principal component analysis. The first three components are immigration, degree of socio-economic disadvantage and degree of economic disadvantage. The incidence of myocardial infarction is lower in districts with large immigrant populations than in districts dominated by native-born Canadians. Mortality rates are associated with the degree of socio-economic disadvantage, while revascularization is associated with the proportion of seniors in the population.
Release date: 2008-03-17
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Articles and reports (13)
Articles and reports (13) (0 to 10 of 13 results)
- Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800410746Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article investigates associations that may underlie the blurred or positive gradient between socio-economic status (SES) and overweight, and also gender differences, by assessing the distribution of risk factors for overweight across SES groups.
Release date: 2008-12-17 - Articles and reports: 56F0004M2008016Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Internet's rapid and profound entry into our lives quite understandably makes people wonder how, both individually and collectively, we have been affected by it. When major shifts in technology use occur, utopian and dystopian views of their impact on society often abound, reflecting their disruptiveness and people's concerns. Given its complex uses, the Internet, both as a technology and as an environment, has had both beneficial and deleterious effects. Above all, though, it has had transformative effects.
Are Canadians becoming more isolated, more reclusive and less integrated in their communities as they use the Internet? Or, are they becoming more participatory and more integrated in their communities? In addition, do these communities still resemble traditional communities, or are they becoming more like social networks than cohesive groups?
To address these questions, this article organizes, analyzes and presents existing Canadian evidence. It uses survey results and research amassed by Statistics Canada and the Connected Lives project in Toronto to explore the role of the Internet in social engagement and the opportunities it represents for Canadians to be active citizens. It finds that Internet users are at least as socially engaged as non-users. They have large networks and frequent interactions with friends and family, although they tend to spend somewhat less in-person time and, of course, more time online. An appreciable number of Internet users are civically and politically engaged, using the Internet to find out about opportunities and make contact with others.
Release date: 2008-12-04 - 3. Parent and child reports of children's activity ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800310662Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This article compares child reports of their physical and sedentary activities with those of their parents. Data were obtained from the 2003 Children's Lifestyle and School-performance Study, a survey of Grade 5 students and their parents in the province of Nova Scotia.
Release date: 2008-08-20 - Articles and reports: 88-003-X200800110588Geography: CanadaDescription:
In 2006, a question on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags was introduced on the Survey of Electronic Commerce and Technology. RFID tags are currently used by organizations for a wide variety of purposes. The concept of RFID tags combines radio frequencies and bar code systems, giving mobility to logistics. The data on RFID tag usage in Canada show the application of this technology is in its infancy. The small number of organizations that use RFID tags can be explained by the newness of the technology and the potentially high costs of investment and implementation. Despite the initial costs, organizations that use RFID benefit in the longer run.
Release date: 2008-05-22 - 5. Profiling Internet use among workers in the information and communications technologies sector ArchivedArticles and reports: 88-003-X200800110597Geography: CanadaDescription:
Internet use is a key hallmark of an information society. Assessing Internet use today goes beyond access to encompass a cluster of behaviours that reflect the individual's ability to participate productively in an information economy. This study compares the pattern of Internet use of Canadians working in the information and communications technology industries with that of other Canadians.
Release date: 2008-05-22 - 6. Mixed linear nonlinear aggregate level models for small area estimation from surveys of binary counts ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110390Description:
We propose an aggregate level generalized linear model with additive random components (GLMARC) for binary count data from surveys. It has both linear (for random effects) and nonlinear (for fixed effects) parts in modeling the mean function and hence belongs to a class termed as mixed linear non-linear models. The model allows for linear mixed model (LMM)-type approach to small area estimation (SAE) somewhat similar to the well-known Fay-Herriot (1979) method and thus takes full account of the sampling design. Unlike the alternative hierarchical Bayes (HB) approach of You and Rao (2002), the proposed method gives rise to easily interpretable SAEs and frequentist diagnostics as well as self-benchmarking to reliable large area direct estimates. The usual LMM methodology is not appropriate for the problem with count data because of lack of range restrictions on the mean function and the possibility of unrealistic (e.g. zero in the context of SAE) estimates of the variance component as the model does not allow the random effect part of the conditional mean function to depend on the marginal mean. The proposed method is an improvement of the earlier method due to Vonesh and Carter (1992) which also uses mixed linear nonlinear models but the variance-mean relationship was not accounted for although typically done via range restrictions on the random effect. Also the implications of survey design were not considered as well as the estimation of random effects. In our application for SAE, however, it is important to obtain suitable estimates of both fixed and random effects. It may be noted that unlike the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), GLMARC like LMM offers considerable simplicity in model fitting. This was made possible by replacing the original fixed and random effects of GLMM with a new set of parameters of GLMARC with quite a different interpretation as the random effect is no longer inside the nonlinear predictor function. However, this is of no consequence for SAE because the small area parameters correspond to the overall conditional means and not on individual model parameters. We propose a method of iterative BLUP for parameters estimation which allows for self-benchmarking after a suitable model enlargement. The problem of small areas with small or no sample sizes or zero direct estimates is addressed by collapsing domains only for the stage of parameter estimation. Application to the 2000-01 Canadian Community Health Survey for estimation of the proportion of daily smokers in subpopulations defined by provincial health regions by age-sex groups is presented as an illustration.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 7. Methodological challenges in analyzing nutrition data from the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110394Description:
Statistics Canada conducted the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition in 2004. The survey's main objective was to estimate the distributions of Canadians' usual dietary intake at the provincial level for 15 age-sex groups. Such distributions are generally estimated with the SIDE application, but with the choices that were made concerning sample design and method of estimating sampling variability, obtaining those estimates is not a simple matter. This article describes the methodological challenges in estimating usual intake distributions from the survey data using SIDE.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110441Description:
How does one efficiently estimate sample size while building concensus among multiple investigators for multi-purpose projects? We present a template using common spreadsheet software to provide estimates of power, precision, and financial costs under varying sampling scenarios, as used in development of the Ontario Tobacco Survey. In addition to cost estimates, complex sample size formulae were nested within a spreadsheet to determine power and precision, incorporating user-defined design effects and loss-to-followup. Common spreadsheet software can be used in conjunction with complex formulae to enhance knowledge exchange between the methodologists and stakeholders; in effect demystifying the "sample size black box".
Release date: 2008-03-17 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110444Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
General population health surveys often include small samples of smokers. Few longitudinal studies specific to smoking have been carried out. We discuss development of the Ontario Tobacco Survey (OTS) which combines a rolling longitudinal, and repeated cross-sectional components. The OTS began in July 2005 using random selection and data-collection by telephones. Every 6 months, new samples of smokers and non-smokers provide data on smoking behaviours and attitudes. Smokers enter a panel study and are followed for changes in smoking influences and behaviour. The design is proving to be cost effective in meeting sample requirements for multiple research objectives.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 10. Immigrant populations and myocardial infarctions ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110446Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
Immigrants have health advantages over native-born Canadians, but those advantages are threatened by specific risk situations. This study explores cardiovascular health outcomes in districts of Montréal classified by the proportion of immigrants in the population, using a principal component analysis. The first three components are immigration, degree of socio-economic disadvantage and degree of economic disadvantage. The incidence of myocardial infarction is lower in districts with large immigrant populations than in districts dominated by native-born Canadians. Mortality rates are associated with the degree of socio-economic disadvantage, while revascularization is associated with the proportion of seniors in the population.
Release date: 2008-03-17
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