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All (2,478)

All (2,478) (20 to 30 of 2,478 results)

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200013
    Description: This article examines the methodological complexities associated with the design of business surveys, with particular emphasis on sampling strategies implemented by National Statistical Offices (NSOs). It addresses the inherent challenges posed by the dynamic nature of the business population, which necessitates continual updates to the sampling frame to ensure representativeness and relevance. Critical design considerations include the determination of optimal sample sizes, stratification across key dimensions such as industry, geographic region, and enterprise size, as well as the treatment of business births and the exclusion of inactive (or “dead”) units. The article applies Bankier’s (1988) power allocation method to a two-way stratification scheme defined by industry and geography, evaluating its performance by comparing the resulting coefficients of variation with those obtained via a raking algorithm applied to the marginal coefficients. Furthermore, the approach is extended to a multivariate context to accommodate multiple estimation domains. The discussion also encompasses practical issues related to sample rotation and coordination, which are critical for maintaining data quality and minimizing respondent burden over time.
    Release date: 2025-12-23

  • Journals and periodicals: 12-001-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: The journal publishes articles dealing with various aspects of statistical development relevant to a statistical agency, such as design issues in the context of practical constraints, use of different data sources and collection techniques, total survey error, survey evaluation, research in survey methodology, time series analysis, seasonal adjustment, demographic studies, data integration, estimation and data analysis methods, and general survey systems development. The emphasis is placed on the development and evaluation of specific methodologies as applied to data collection or the data themselves.
    Release date: 2025-12-23

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2025005
    Description: This study presents an approach to model changes in the numbers of elementary, secondary and postsecondary students who are immigrants (including both permanent residents and non permanent residents) in response to changes in overall immigration levels.
    Release date: 2025-12-22

  • Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-X
    Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.
    Release date: 2025-12-17

  • Stats in brief: 89-20-00062025001
    Description: This video is designed to help you critically assess the data presented to you. No data is perfect. By understanding the strengths and limitations of the data, you can avoid being misled—and make smarter, more informed decisions.
    Release date: 2025-12-15

  • Journals and periodicals: 75F0002M
    Description: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.
    Release date: 2025-12-12

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2025004
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.
    Release date: 2025-12-08

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-657-X2025002
    Description: The Survey on the Official Language Minority Population (SOLMP) user guide contains a description of the survey, along with survey concepts and definitions and an overview of the content development. The target and survey populations, the sample design and sample size are described in the Methodology section, while the Data Collection module provides the collection period and instrument, modes of collection, collection and communications strategies and response rates.

    Updates to the guide include descriptions of the survey data processing, survey error and weighting, and guidelines for tabulations and analysis. Appendices will provide a listing of questions and variables which changed between the current and previous occasions of the survey, as well as various primers on the survey methodology.
    Release date: 2025-11-14

  • Articles and reports: 75-005-M2025001
    Description: Since 2010, engaging Canadians to participate in the LFS has become more challenging due to a variety of social and technological changes. The decline in the LFS response rate accelerated in 2020, exacerbated by public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technical paper presents preliminary results of two collection initiatives implemented using an online first strategy to improve the LFS response rates by confirming respondent contact information and expanding the availability of online response. Through these and other planned initiatives, Statistics Canada is working to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.
    Release date: 2025-10-21
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12

  • Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19

  • Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2025-03-12

  • Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21

  • Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22

  • Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30

  • Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21

  • Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08

  • Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29

  • Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,036)

Analysis (2,036) (90 to 100 of 2,036 results)

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200005
    Description: Adaptive survey designs (ASDs) tailor recruitment protocols to population subgroups that are relevant to a survey. In recent years, effective ASD optimization has been the topic of research and several applications. However, the performance of an optimized ASD over time is sensitive to time changes in response propensities. How adaptation strategies can adjust to such variation over time is not yet fully understood. In this paper, we propose a robust optimization approach in the context of sequential mixed-mode surveys employing Bayesian analysis. The approach is formulated as a mathematical programming problem that explicitly accounts for uncertainty due to time change. ASD decisions can then be made by considering time-dependent variation in conditional mode response propensities and between-mode correlations in response propensities. The approach is demonstrated using a case study: the 2014-2017 Dutch Health Survey. We evaluate the sensitivity of ASD performance to 1) the budget level and 2) the length of applicable historic time-series data. We find there is only a moderate dependence on the budget level and the dependence on historic data is moderated by the amount of seasonality during the year.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200006
    Description: As mixed-mode designs become increasingly popular, their effects on data quality have attracted much scholarly attention. Most studies focused on the bias properties of mixed-mode designs; few of them have investigated whether mixed-mode designs have heterogeneous variance structures across modes. While many characteristics of mixed-mode designs, such as varied interviewer usage, systematic differences in respondents, varying levels of social desirability bias, among others, may lead to heterogeneous variances in mode-specific point estimates of population means, this study specifically investigates whether interviewer variances remain consistent across different modes in mixed-mode studies. To address this research question, we utilize data collected from two distinct study designs. In the first design, when interviewers are responsible for either face-to-face or telephone mode, we examine whether there are mode differences in interviewer variances for 1) sensitive political questions, 2) international items, 3) and item missing indicators on international items, using the Arab Barometer wave 6 Jordan data. In the second design, we draw on Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2016 core survey data to examine the question on three topics when interviewers are responsible for both modes. The topics cover 1) the CESD depression scale, 2) interviewer observations, and 3) the physical activity scale. To account for the lack of interpenetrated designs in both data sources, we include respondent-level covariates in our models. We find significant differences in interviewer variances on one item (twelve items in total) in the Arab Barometer study; whereas for HRS, the results are three out of eighteen. Overall, we find the magnitude of the interviewer variances larger in FTF than TEL on sensitive items. We conduct simulations to understand the power to detect mode effects in the typically modest interviewer sample sizes.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200007
    Description: The capture-recapture method can be applied to measure the coverage of administrative and big data sources, in official statistics. In its basic form, it involves the linkage of two sources while assuming a perfect linkage and other standard assumptions. In practice, linkage errors arise and are a potential source of bias, where the linkage is based on quasi-identifiers. These errors include false positives and false negatives, where the former arise when linking a pair of records from different units, and the latter arise when not linking a pair of records from the same unit. So far, the existing solutions have resorted to costly clerical reviews, or they have made the restrictive conditional independence assumption. In this work, these requirements are relaxed by modeling the number of links from a record instead. The same approach may be taken to estimate the linkage accuracy without clerical reviews, when linking two sources that each have some undercoverage.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200008
    Description: When seeking to release public use files for confidential data, statistical agencies can generate fully synthetic data. We propose an approach for making fully synthetic data from surveys collected with complex sampling designs. Our approach adheres to the general strategy proposed by Rubin (1993). Specifically, we generate pseudo-populations by applying the weighted finite population Bayesian bootstrap to account for survey weights, take simple random samples from those pseudo-populations, estimate synthesis models using these simple random samples, and release simulated data drawn from the models as public use files. To facilitate variance estimation, we use the framework of multiple imputation with two data generation strategies. In the first, we generate multiple data sets from each simple random sample. In the second, we generate a single synthetic data set from each simple random sample. We present multiple imputation combining rules for each setting. We illustrate the repeated sampling properties of the combining rules via simulation studies, including comparisons with synthetic data generation based on pseudo-likelihood methods. We apply the proposed methods to a subset of data from the American Community Survey.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200009
    Description: Many studies face the problem of comparing estimates obtained with different survey methodology, including differences in frames, measurement instruments, and modes of delivery. The problem arises in multimode surveys and in surveys that are redesigned. Major redesign of survey processes could affect survey estimates systematically, and it is important to quantify and adjust for such discontinuities between the designs to ensure comparability of estimates over time. We propose a small area estimation approach to reconcile two sets of survey estimates, and apply it to two surveys in the Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP), which monitors recreational fishing along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. We develop a log-normal model for the estimates from the two surveys, accounting for temporal dynamics through regression on population size and state-by-wave seasonal factors, and accounting in part for changing coverage properties through regression on wireless telephone penetration. Using the estimated design variances, we develop a regression model that is analytically consistent with the log-normal mean model. We use the modeled design variances in a Fay-Herriot small area estimation procedure to obtain empirical best linear unbiased predictors of the reconciled estimates of fishing effort (requiring predictions at new sets of covariates), and provide an asymptotically valid mean square error approximation.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200010
    Description: Recent work in survey domain estimation has shown that incorporating a priori assumptions about orderings of population domain means reduces the variance of the estimators and provides smaller confidence intervals with good coverage. Here we show how partial ordering assumptions allow design-based estimation of sample means in domains for which the sample size is zero, with conservative variance estimates and confidence intervals. Order restrictions can also substantially improve estimation and inference in small-size domains. Examples with well-known survey data sets demonstrate the utility of the methods. Code to implement the examples using the R package csurvey is given in the appendix.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200011
    Description: Small area estimation (SAE) is becoming increasingly popular among survey statisticians. Since the direct estimates of small areas usually have large standard errors, model-based approaches are often adopted to borrow strength across areas. SAE models often use covariates to link different areas and random effects to account for the additional variation. Recent studies showed that random effects are not necessary for all areas, so global-local (GL) shrinkage priors have been introduced to effectively model the sparsity in random effects. The GL priors vary in tail behavior, and their performance differs under different sparsity levels of random effects. As a result, one needs to fit the model with different choices of priors and then select the most appropriate one based on the deviance information criterion or other evaluation metrics. In this paper, we propose a flexible prior for modeling random effects in SAE. The hyperparameters of the prior determine the tail behavior and can be estimated in a fully Bayesian framework. Therefore, the resulting model is adaptive to the sparsity level of random effects without repetitive fitting. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed prior via simulations and real applications.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200012
    Description: Population surveys are nowadays rarely analysed in isolation from any auxiliary information, often in the form of population counts, totals and other summaries. Calibration, or benchmarking, by which the weighted sample totals of auxiliary variables are matched to their (known) population totals, is widely applied. Methods for adjusting the weights to satisfy these constraints involve iterative procedures with unknown finite-sample properties. We develop an alternative method in which the weights are calibrated by minimising a quadratic function, requiring no iterations and yielding a unique solution. The relative priority of each constraint is represented by a tuning parameter. The properties of the weights and of the calibration estimator, as functions of these parameters, are explored analytically and by simulations. A connection of the proposed method with ridge calibration is established.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200013
    Description: A solution to control for nonresponse bias consists of multiplying the design weights of respondents by the inverse of estimated response probabilities to compensate for the nonrespondents. Maximum likelihood and calibration are two approaches that can be applied to obtain estimated response probabilities. We consider a common framework in which these approaches can be compared. We develop an asymptotic study of the behavior of the resulting estimator when calibration is applied. A logistic regression model for the response probabilities is postulated. Missing at random and unclustered data are supposed. Three main contributions of this work are: 1) we show that the estimators with the response probabilities estimated via calibration are asymptotically equivalent to unbiased estimators and that a gain in efficiency is obtained when estimating the response probabilities via calibration as compared to the estimator with the true response probabilities, 2) we show that the estimators with the response probabilities estimated via calibration are doubly robust to model misspecification and explain why double robustness is not guaranteed when maximum likelihood is applied, and 3) we highlight problems related to response probabilities estimation, namely existence of a solution to the estimating equations, problems of convergence, and extreme weights. We present the results of a simulation study in order to illustrate these elements.
    Release date: 2024-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200014
    Description: Adaptive cluster sampling designs were proposed as a method that could be used when sampling rare populations whose units tend to appear in clusters. The resulting estimator is not based on any model assumptions and is design unbiased. It can have smaller variance than the standard estimator which does not incorporate the fact that one is dealing with a rare population. Here we will demonstrate that, when adaptive cluster sampling is appropriate, its estimator does not take into account all the available information in the design. We present a quasi Bayesian approach which incorporates the information which is now ignored. We will see that the resulting estimator is a significant improvement over the current methods.
    Release date: 2024-12-20
Reference (380)

Reference (380) (20 to 30 of 380 results)

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.
    Release date: 2023-08-28

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0006
    Description: This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Agriculture–Population Linkage, such as sources of error, matching process, response rates, imputation rates, sampling, weighting, disclosure control methods and data quality indicators.
    Release date: 2023-08-25

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021011
    Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.
    Release date: 2023-03-29

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021012
    Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
    Release date: 2023-03-29

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2022009
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.

    This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

    Release date: 2022-12-05

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0002
    Description: This reference guide may be useful to both new and experienced users who wish to familiarize themselves with and find specific information about the Census of Agriculture.

    It provides an overview of the Census of Agriculture communications, content determination, collection, processing, data quality evaluation and dissemination activities. It also summarizes the key changes to the census and other useful information.

    Release date: 2022-04-14

  • Geographic files and documentation: 12-572-X
    Description:

    The Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) provides a systematic classification structure that categorizes all of the geographic area of Canada. The SGC is the official classification used in the Census of Population and other Statistics Canada surveys.

    The classification is organized in two volumes: Volume I, The Classification and Volume II, Reference Maps.

    Volume II contains reference maps showing boundaries, names, codes and locations of the geographic areas in the classification. The reference maps show census subdivisions, census divisions, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, census metropolitan influenced zones and economic regions. Definitions for these terms are found in Volume I, The Classification. Volume I describes the classification and related standard geographic areas and place names.

    The maps in Volume II can be downloaded in PDF format from our website.

    Release date: 2022-02-09

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021008
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
    Release date: 2021-12-06

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-004-X
    Description:

    Statistics: Power from Data! is a web resource that was created in 2001 to assist secondary students and teachers of Mathematics and Information Studies in getting the most from statistics. Over the past 20 years, this product has become one of Statistics Canada most popular references for students, teachers, and many other members of the general population. This product was last updated in 2021.

    Release date: 2021-09-02

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021005
    Description:

    The Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch (ASMB) is the research arm of Statistics Canada mandated to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a broad range of data sources and modelling techniques to address the information needs of a broad range of government, academic and public sector partners and stakeholders through analysis and research, modeling and predictive analytics, and data development. The branch strives to deliver relevant, high-quality, timely, comprehensive, horizontal and integrated research and to enable the use of its research through capacity building and strategic dissemination to meet the user needs of policy makers, academics and the general public.

    This Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development outlines the priorities for the branch over the next two years.

    Release date: 2021-08-12