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- Journals and periodicals: 75F0002MDescription: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.Release date: 2025-02-06
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200003Description: The optimum sample allocation in stratified sampling is one of the basic issues of survey methodology. It is a procedure of dividing the overall sample size into strata sample sizes in...Description: The optimum sample allocation in stratified sampling is one of the basic issues of survey methodology. It is a procedure of dividing the overall sample size into strata sample sizes in such a way that for given sampling designs in strata the variance of the stratified \pi estimator of the population total (or mean) for a given study variable assumes its minimum. In this work, we consider the optimum allocation of a sample, under lower and upper bounds imposed jointly on sample sizes in strata. We are concerned with the variance function of some generic form that, in particular, covers the case of the simple random sampling without replacement in strata. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we establish (using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions) a generic form of the optimal solution, the so-called optimality conditions. Second, based on the established optimality conditions, we derive an efficient recursive algorithm, named RNABOX, which solves the allocation problem under study. The RNABOX can be viewed as a generalization of the classical recursive Neyman allocation algorithm, a popular tool for optimum allocation when only upper bounds are imposed on sample strata-sizes. We implement RNABOX in R as a part of our package stratallo which is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) repository.Release date: 2024-12-20
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200016Description: Joseph Waksberg was an important figure in survey statistics mainly through his applied work in the design of samples. He took a design-based approach to sample design by emphasizing...Description: Joseph Waksberg was an important figure in survey statistics mainly through his applied work in the design of samples. He took a design-based approach to sample design by emphasizing uses of randomization with the goal of creating estimators with good design-based properties. Since his time on the scene, advances have been made in the use of models to construct designs and in software to implement elaborate designs. This paper reviews uses of models in balanced sampling, cutoff samples, stratification using models, multistage sampling, and mathematical programming for determining sample sizes and allocations.Release date: 2024-12-20
- Articles and reports: 75-005-M2024005Description: This article provides information about how wage data is collected in the Labour Force Survey (LFS). In particular, it examines aspects of the LFS methodology which may impact wage...Description: This article provides information about how wage data is collected in the Labour Force Survey (LFS). In particular, it examines aspects of the LFS methodology which may impact wage trends.Release date: 2024-12-13
- Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year...Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.Release date: 2024-04-26
- 6. Children born into vulnerability: Challenges encountered in a Quebec longitudinal survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X202200100010Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal...Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal follow-up, some will experience developmental difficulties at some point in their lives. Those same children often have characteristics associated with higher sample attrition (low-income family, parents with a low level of education). This article describes the two main challenges we encountered when trying to ensure sufficient representativeness of these children, in both the overall results and the subpopulation analyses.Release date: 2024-03-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200001Description: When a Medicare healthcare provider is suspected of billing abuse, a population of payments X made to that provider over a fixed timeframe is isolated. A certified medical reviewer...Description: When a Medicare healthcare provider is suspected of billing abuse, a population of payments X made to that provider over a fixed timeframe is isolated. A certified medical reviewer, in a time-consuming process, can determine the overpayment Y = X - (amount justified by the evidence) associated with each payment. Typically, there are too many payments in the population to examine each with care, so a probability sample is selected. The sample overpayments are then used to calculate a 90% lower confidence bound for the total population overpayment. This bound is the amount demanded for recovery from the provider. Unfortunately, classical methods for calculating this bound sometimes fail to provide the 90% confidence level, especially when using a stratified sample. In this paper, 166 redacted samples from Medicare integrity investigations are displayed and described, along with 156 associated payment populations. The 7,588 examined (Y, X) sample pairs show (1) Medicare audits have high error rates: more than 76% of these payments were considered to have been paid in error; and (2) the patterns in these samples support an “All-or-Nothing” mixture model for (Y, X) previously defined in the literature. Model-based Monte Carlo testing procedures for Medicare sampling plans are discussed, as well as stratification methods based on anticipated model moments. In terms of viability (achieving the 90% confidence level) a new stratification method defined here is competitive with the best of the many existing methods tested and seems less sensitive to choice of operating parameters. In terms of overpayment recovery (equivalent to precision) the new method is also comparable to the best of the many existing methods tested. Unfortunately, no stratification algorithm tested was ever viable for more than about half of the 104 test populations.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200006Description: Survey researchers are increasingly turning to multimode data collection to deal with declines in survey response rates and increasing costs. An efficient approach offers the less...Description: Survey researchers are increasingly turning to multimode data collection to deal with declines in survey response rates and increasing costs. An efficient approach offers the less costly modes (e.g., web) followed with a more expensive mode for a subsample of the units (e.g., households) within each primary sampling unit (PSU). We present two alternatives to this traditional design. One alternative subsamples PSUs rather than units to constrain costs. The second is a hybrid design that includes a clustered (two-stage) sample and an independent, unclustered sample. Using a simulation, we demonstrate the hybrid design has considerable advantages.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200008Description: In this article, we use a slightly simplified version of the method by Fickus, Mixon and Poteet (2013) to define a flexible parameterization of the kernels of determinantal sampling...Description: In this article, we use a slightly simplified version of the method by Fickus, Mixon and Poteet (2013) to define a flexible parameterization of the kernels of determinantal sampling designs with fixed first-order inclusion probabilities. For specific values of the multidimensional parameter, we get back to a matrix from the family PII from Loonis and Mary (2019). We speculate that, among the determinantal designs with fixed inclusion probabilities, the minimum variance of the Horvitz and Thompson estimator (1952) of a variable of interest is expressed relative to PII. We provide experimental R programs that facilitate the appropriation of various concepts presented in the article, some of which are described as non-trivial by Fickus et al. (2013). A longer version of this article, including proofs and a more detailed presentation of the determinantal designs, is also available.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200010Description: Sample coordination methods aim to increase (in positive coordination) or decrease (in negative coordination) the size of the overlap between samples. The samples considered can be from...Description: Sample coordination methods aim to increase (in positive coordination) or decrease (in negative coordination) the size of the overlap between samples. The samples considered can be from different occasions of a repeated survey and/or from different surveys covering a common population. Negative coordination is used to control the response burden in a given period, because some units do not respond to survey questionnaires if they are selected in many samples. Usually, methods for sample coordination do not take into account any measure of the response burden that a unit has already expended in responding to previous surveys. We introduce such a measure into a new method by adapting a spatially balanced sampling scheme, based on a generalization of Poisson sampling, together with a negative coordination method. The goal is to create a double control of the burden for these units: once by using a measure of burden during the sampling process and once by using a negative coordination method. We evaluate the approach using Monte-Carlo simulation and investigate its use for controlling for selection “hot-spots” in business surveys in Statistics Netherlands.Release date: 2024-01-03
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Analysis (272)
Analysis (272) (0 to 10 of 272 results)
- Journals and periodicals: 75F0002MDescription: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.Release date: 2025-02-06
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200003Description: The optimum sample allocation in stratified sampling is one of the basic issues of survey methodology. It is a procedure of dividing the overall sample size into strata sample sizes in...Description: The optimum sample allocation in stratified sampling is one of the basic issues of survey methodology. It is a procedure of dividing the overall sample size into strata sample sizes in such a way that for given sampling designs in strata the variance of the stratified \pi estimator of the population total (or mean) for a given study variable assumes its minimum. In this work, we consider the optimum allocation of a sample, under lower and upper bounds imposed jointly on sample sizes in strata. We are concerned with the variance function of some generic form that, in particular, covers the case of the simple random sampling without replacement in strata. The goal of this paper is twofold. First, we establish (using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions) a generic form of the optimal solution, the so-called optimality conditions. Second, based on the established optimality conditions, we derive an efficient recursive algorithm, named RNABOX, which solves the allocation problem under study. The RNABOX can be viewed as a generalization of the classical recursive Neyman allocation algorithm, a popular tool for optimum allocation when only upper bounds are imposed on sample strata-sizes. We implement RNABOX in R as a part of our package stratallo which is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) repository.Release date: 2024-12-20
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400200016Description: Joseph Waksberg was an important figure in survey statistics mainly through his applied work in the design of samples. He took a design-based approach to sample design by emphasizing...Description: Joseph Waksberg was an important figure in survey statistics mainly through his applied work in the design of samples. He took a design-based approach to sample design by emphasizing uses of randomization with the goal of creating estimators with good design-based properties. Since his time on the scene, advances have been made in the use of models to construct designs and in software to implement elaborate designs. This paper reviews uses of models in balanced sampling, cutoff samples, stratification using models, multistage sampling, and mathematical programming for determining sample sizes and allocations.Release date: 2024-12-20
- Articles and reports: 75-005-M2024005Description: This article provides information about how wage data is collected in the Labour Force Survey (LFS). In particular, it examines aspects of the LFS methodology which may impact wage...Description: This article provides information about how wage data is collected in the Labour Force Survey (LFS). In particular, it examines aspects of the LFS methodology which may impact wage trends.Release date: 2024-12-13
- Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year...Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.Release date: 2024-04-26
- 6. Children born into vulnerability: Challenges encountered in a Quebec longitudinal survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X202200100010Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal...Description: Growing Up in Québec is a longitudinal population survey that began in the spring of 2021 at the Institut de la statistique du Québec. Among the children targeted by this longitudinal follow-up, some will experience developmental difficulties at some point in their lives. Those same children often have characteristics associated with higher sample attrition (low-income family, parents with a low level of education). This article describes the two main challenges we encountered when trying to ensure sufficient representativeness of these children, in both the overall results and the subpopulation analyses.Release date: 2024-03-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200001Description: When a Medicare healthcare provider is suspected of billing abuse, a population of payments X made to that provider over a fixed timeframe is isolated. A certified medical reviewer...Description: When a Medicare healthcare provider is suspected of billing abuse, a population of payments X made to that provider over a fixed timeframe is isolated. A certified medical reviewer, in a time-consuming process, can determine the overpayment Y = X - (amount justified by the evidence) associated with each payment. Typically, there are too many payments in the population to examine each with care, so a probability sample is selected. The sample overpayments are then used to calculate a 90% lower confidence bound for the total population overpayment. This bound is the amount demanded for recovery from the provider. Unfortunately, classical methods for calculating this bound sometimes fail to provide the 90% confidence level, especially when using a stratified sample. In this paper, 166 redacted samples from Medicare integrity investigations are displayed and described, along with 156 associated payment populations. The 7,588 examined (Y, X) sample pairs show (1) Medicare audits have high error rates: more than 76% of these payments were considered to have been paid in error; and (2) the patterns in these samples support an “All-or-Nothing” mixture model for (Y, X) previously defined in the literature. Model-based Monte Carlo testing procedures for Medicare sampling plans are discussed, as well as stratification methods based on anticipated model moments. In terms of viability (achieving the 90% confidence level) a new stratification method defined here is competitive with the best of the many existing methods tested and seems less sensitive to choice of operating parameters. In terms of overpayment recovery (equivalent to precision) the new method is also comparable to the best of the many existing methods tested. Unfortunately, no stratification algorithm tested was ever viable for more than about half of the 104 test populations.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200006Description: Survey researchers are increasingly turning to multimode data collection to deal with declines in survey response rates and increasing costs. An efficient approach offers the less...Description: Survey researchers are increasingly turning to multimode data collection to deal with declines in survey response rates and increasing costs. An efficient approach offers the less costly modes (e.g., web) followed with a more expensive mode for a subsample of the units (e.g., households) within each primary sampling unit (PSU). We present two alternatives to this traditional design. One alternative subsamples PSUs rather than units to constrain costs. The second is a hybrid design that includes a clustered (two-stage) sample and an independent, unclustered sample. Using a simulation, we demonstrate the hybrid design has considerable advantages.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200008Description: In this article, we use a slightly simplified version of the method by Fickus, Mixon and Poteet (2013) to define a flexible parameterization of the kernels of determinantal sampling...Description: In this article, we use a slightly simplified version of the method by Fickus, Mixon and Poteet (2013) to define a flexible parameterization of the kernels of determinantal sampling designs with fixed first-order inclusion probabilities. For specific values of the multidimensional parameter, we get back to a matrix from the family PII from Loonis and Mary (2019). We speculate that, among the determinantal designs with fixed inclusion probabilities, the minimum variance of the Horvitz and Thompson estimator (1952) of a variable of interest is expressed relative to PII. We provide experimental R programs that facilitate the appropriation of various concepts presented in the article, some of which are described as non-trivial by Fickus et al. (2013). A longer version of this article, including proofs and a more detailed presentation of the determinantal designs, is also available.Release date: 2024-01-03
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200010Description: Sample coordination methods aim to increase (in positive coordination) or decrease (in negative coordination) the size of the overlap between samples. The samples considered can be from...Description: Sample coordination methods aim to increase (in positive coordination) or decrease (in negative coordination) the size of the overlap between samples. The samples considered can be from different occasions of a repeated survey and/or from different surveys covering a common population. Negative coordination is used to control the response burden in a given period, because some units do not respond to survey questionnaires if they are selected in many samples. Usually, methods for sample coordination do not take into account any measure of the response burden that a unit has already expended in responding to previous surveys. We introduce such a measure into a new method by adapting a spatially balanced sampling scheme, based on a generalization of Poisson sampling, together with a negative coordination method. The goal is to create a double control of the burden for these units: once by using a measure of burden during the sampling process and once by using a negative coordination method. We evaluate the approach using Monte-Carlo simulation and investigate its use for controlling for selection “hot-spots” in business surveys in Statistics Netherlands.Release date: 2024-01-03
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Reference (29)
Reference (29) (0 to 10 of 29 results)
- 1. 2019 Census Content Test: Design and methodology ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00012020020Description:
This fact sheet provides detailed insight into the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2019 Census Test. This test evaluated changes to the wording and flow of...
Description:This fact sheet provides detailed insight into the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2019 Census Test. This test evaluated changes to the wording and flow of some questions, as well as the potential addition of new questions, to help determine the content of the 2021 Census of Population.
Release date: 2020-07-20 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014749Description:
As part of the Tourism Statistics Program redesign, Statistics Canada is developing the National Travel Survey (NTS) to collect travel information from Canadian travellers. This new...
Description:As part of the Tourism Statistics Program redesign, Statistics Canada is developing the National Travel Survey (NTS) to collect travel information from Canadian travellers. This new survey will replace the Travel Survey of Residents of Canada and the Canadian resident component of the International Travel Survey. The NTS will take advantage of Statistics Canada’s common sampling frames and common processing tools while maximizing the use of administrative data. This paper discusses the potential uses of administrative data such as Passport Canada files, Canada Border Service Agency files and Canada Revenue Agency files, to increase the efficiency of the NTS sample design.
Release date: 2016-03-24 - 3. The General Social Survey: New Data Overview ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-631-XDescription:
This report highlights the latest developments and rationale behind recent cycles of the General Social Survey (GSS). Starting with an overview of the GSS mandate and historic cycle...
Description:This report highlights the latest developments and rationale behind recent cycles of the General Social Survey (GSS). Starting with an overview of the GSS mandate and historic cycle topics, we then focus on two recent cycles related to families in Canada: Family Transitions (2006) and Family, Social Support and Retirement (2007). Finally, we give a summary of what is to come in the 2008 GSS on Social Networks, and describe a special project to mark 'Twenty Years of GSS'.
The survey collects data over a twelve month period from the population living in private households in the 10 provinces. For all cycles except Cycles 16 and 21, the population aged 15 and older has been sampled. Cycles 16 and 21 sampled persons aged 45 and older.
Cycle 20 (GSS 2006) is the fourth cycle of the GSS to collect data on families (the first three cycles on the family were in 1990, 1995 and 2001). Cycle 20 covers much the same content as previous cycles on families with some sections revised and expanded. The data enable analysts to measure conjugal and fertility history (chronology of marriages, common-law unions, and children), family origins, children's home leaving, fertility intentions, child custody as well as work history and other socioeconomic characteristics. Questions on financial support agreements or arrangements (for children and the ex-spouse or ex-partner) for separated and divorced families have been modified. Also, sections on social networks, well-being and housing characteristics have been added.
Release date: 2008-05-27 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1992001Description:
Starting in 1994, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) will follow individuals and families for at least six years, tracking their labour market experiences, changes in...
Description:Starting in 1994, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) will follow individuals and families for at least six years, tracking their labour market experiences, changes in income and family circumstances. An initial proposal for the content of SLID, entitled "Content of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics : Discussion Paper", was distributed in February 1992.
That paper served as a background document for consultation with and a review by interested users. The content underwent significant change during this process. Based upon the revised content, a large-scale test of SLID will be conducted in February and May 1993.
The present document outlines the income and wealth content to be tested in May 1993. This document is really a continuation of SLID Research Paper Series 92-01A, which outlines the demographic and labour content used in the January /February 1993 test.
Release date: 2008-02-29 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1992007Description:
A Preliminary Interview will be conducted on the first panel of SLID, in January 1993, as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey. The first panel is made up of about 20,000 households...
Description:A Preliminary Interview will be conducted on the first panel of SLID, in January 1993, as a supplement to the Labour Force Survey. The first panel is made up of about 20,000 households that are rotating out of the Labour Force Survey in January and February, 1993.
The purpose of this document is to provide a description of the purpose of the SLID Preliminary Interview and the question wordings to be used.
Release date: 2008-02-29 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 16-001-M2007004Description:
Statistics Canada administers a number of environmental surveys that fill important data gaps but also pose numerous challenges to administer. This paper focuses on two on-going...
Description:Statistics Canada administers a number of environmental surveys that fill important data gaps but also pose numerous challenges to administer. This paper focuses on two on-going environment surveys - one newly initiated and one in the process of a redesign.
Release date: 2007-11-23 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2005002Description:
This paper describes the changes made to the structure of geography information on SLID from reference year 1999 onwards. It goes into reasons for changing to the 2001 Census-based...
Description:This paper describes the changes made to the structure of geography information on SLID from reference year 1999 onwards. It goes into reasons for changing to the 2001 Census-based geography, shows how the overlap between the 1991 and 2001 Census-based concepts are handled, provides detail on how the geographic concepts are implemented, discusses a new imputation procedure and finishes with an illustration of the impact of these changes on selected tables.
Release date: 2005-03-31 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 71F0031X2005002Description:
This paper introduces and explains modifications made to the Labour Force Survey estimates in January 2005. Some of these modifications include the adjustment of all LFS estimates to...
Description:This paper introduces and explains modifications made to the Labour Force Survey estimates in January 2005. Some of these modifications include the adjustment of all LFS estimates to reflect population counts based on the 2001 Census, updates to industry and occupation classification systems and sample redesign changes.
Release date: 2005-01-26 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2004006Description:
This document presents information about the entry-exit portion of the annual labour and the income interviews of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).
Release date: 2004-06-21 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-595-M2003009Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines how the Canadian Adult Education and Training Survey (AETS) can be used to study participation in and impacts of education and training activities for adults.
Release date: 2003-10-15
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