Employment and unemployment

All (616) (0 to 10 of 616 results)

• 1. Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification and field of study (STEM and BHASE groupings)

  Table: 37-10-0301-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

  Release date: 2026-06-24

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• 2. Occupational match and economic outcomes of recent immigrants: A broad assessment

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500004

  Description: This article provides a broad assessment of occupational match and associated earnings outcomes among immigrants admitted to Canada from 2010 to 2020. Using linked data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and the 2021 Census, the study examines the extent to which recent immigrants work in occupations aligned with their intended occupation at admission, identifies the characteristics associated with occupational match, and analyzes the earnings implications of matching versus not matching into intended occupations.

  Release date: 2026-05-27

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• 3. Potential occupational exposure to artificial intelligence across selected cultural industries in Canada

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600300003

  Description: A central concern surrounding recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is their potential to replace human labour, especially in the domain of content creation, such as the production of music, videos, images and text in the cultural industries. However, there is a lack of information regarding how AI may impact workers in these industries. This article attempts to fill this information gap by examining potential occupational exposure to and complementarity with AI in selected cultural industries in Canada.

  Release date: 2026-03-25

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• 4. Indigenous employment and income in Indigenous-owned businesses: A comparative analysis

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600100002

  Description: Indigenous-owned businesses are a growing and important component of Canada’s economic landscape. These businesses not only contribute to entrepreneurship and community development but also serve as important sources of employment for Indigenous people. This study represents a novel contribution to the evidence base. Statistics Canada first helped close a critical data gap by developing a framework to identify Indigenous business owners and Indigenous-owned businesses. Building on that foundation, the present analysis extends the work to fill another gap, providing data on Indigenous employment within Indigenous-owned businesses.

  Release date: 2026-01-28

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• 5. Flow diagram between major field of study and occupation, 2021 Census of Population

  Data Visualization: 98-505-X2021008

  Description: This interactive chart shows the flow of values from Major field of study to Occupation, or reverse order Occupation to Major field of study. Filter between Major field of study, Occupation, Highest certificate, diploma or degree, Gender, Immigrant status, Location of study and Geographies (Canada, Provinces and Territories).

  Release date: 2025-10-16

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• 6. Activity limitations of certified tradespeople in Canada, 2021 Archived

  Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025046

  Description: There is a growing trend in the prevalence of activity limitations among both certified journeypersons and non-journeypersons between 2016 and 2021, with certified journeypersons experiencing this increase at a faster rate. In the context of the skilled trades, activity limitations can pose as a barrier for prospective journeypersons, and the possibility of worsening their condition can also pose as a motivating factor for them to leave an apprenticeship program and/or quit the skilled trades altogether. These points are of particular interest given the various reports on the incoming labour shortages in the skilled trades and the need to attract and retain journeypersons in the field to meet future demands.

  Release date: 2025-09-10

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• 7. The occupational outcomes of provincial nominees

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202500800004

  Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has admitted more immigrants than any other individual economic immigration program in most years since the mid-2010s. This article examines the occupational outcomes of recent provincial nominees (PNs) who obtained permanent residence in Canada one to five years prior to the 2021 Census. This is the fifth article in a series focusing on the PNP. It contributes to the series by examining several questions related to the occupational outcomes of PNs.

  Release date: 2025-08-27

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• 8. Fields of study and occupations of immigrants who were international students in Canada before immigration

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202500700001

  Description: Postsecondary education is a key element in developing a skilled workforce. International students are often seen as a potential source of labour supply beyond their temporary employment while studying. This study examines the alignment between the fields of study and occupations of immigrants with a postsecondary education who held study permits before becoming permanent residents from 2011 to 2021. It compares them with other immigrants who became permanent residents during the same period and Canadian-born postsecondary graduates.

  Release date: 2025-07-23

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• 9. Content changes for the 2026 Census of Population: Labour market activities, commuting and education

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00042026006

  Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: labour market activities, commuting and education. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

  Release date: 2025-07-04

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• 10. Workforce renewal in health occupations

  Articles and reports: 75-006-X202500100006

  Description: Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this study examines employment trends in health occupations between 1998 and 2024. Data from the 2021 Census of Population are used to better understand the extent to which younger workers could replace those approaching retirement age. The role of immigration in mitigating the impacts of an aging health workforce is also explored.

  Release date: 2025-04-10

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Data (520) (20 to 30 of 520 results)

• 21. Labour force status by occupation minor group, industry sectors, age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts

  Table: 98-10-0594-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Labour force aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Occupation - Minor group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (309A), Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (23A), Age (5A), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Labour force status (3)

  Description: Data on labour force status by occupation minor group (4-digit code) from the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021, industry sectors (2-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, age and gender, for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 22. Work activity during the reference year by industry sectors, occupation broad categories, income statistics and age: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts

  Table: 98-10-0595-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (23A), Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (13A), Income statistics (17), Age (5A), Statistics (3), Work activity during the reference year (9)

  Description: Data on work activity during the reference year by industry sector (2-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, occupation broad category (1-digit code) from the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021, income statistics and age, for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 23. Work activity during the reference year by labour market related income groups, occupation sub-major groups, age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0596-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Labour market related income groups (24), Occupation - Sub-major group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (147A), Age (15A), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Work activity during the reference year (9)

  Description: Data on work activity during the reference year by labour market related income groups, occupation sub-major groups (3-digit code) from the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021, age and gender, for the population aged 15 years and over, in private households in Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 24. Employment income statistics by industry subsectors, class of worker including job permanency, work activity during the reference year, age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts

  Table: 98-10-0598-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over with weeks worked in 2020 and employment income in 2020, in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Industry - Subsectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (122), Class of worker including job permanency (14), Work activity during the reference year (4), Age (5A), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Employment income statistics (7A)

  Description: Data on employment income statistics by industry subsectors (3-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, class of worker including job permanency, work activity during the reference year, age and gender, for the population aged 15 years and over who reported weeks worked and employment income in 2020 in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 25. Class of worker including job permanency by industry groups, immigrant status and period of immigration, admission category and applicant type, age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0600-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Industry - Groups - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (426), Admission category and applicant type (8), Immigrant status and period of immigration (11), Age (5A), Gender (3), Statistics (3), Class of worker including job permanency (14)

  Description: Data on class of worker including job permanency by industry (4-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, immigrant status and period of immigration, admission category and applicant type, age and gender, for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 26. Individual low-income and poverty status by occupation broad category, industry sectors, and work activity during the reference year: Canada, provinces and territories and census divisions

  Table: 98-10-0601-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (13A), Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (23A), Work activity during the reference year (9), Statistics (3), Individual low-income status (10)

  Description: Data on individual low-income and poverty status by occupation broad category (1-digit code) from the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021, industry sector (2-digit code) from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, and work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions.

  Release date: 2023-11-15

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• 27. Occupation by major field of study (detailed, 4-digit): Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0404-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Occupation - Unit group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (821A), Age (2), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (500), Gender (3)

  Description: Detailed occupational distribution by detailed field of study, for provinces and territories.

  Release date: 2023-10-04

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• 28. High school completion by Indigenous identity and labour force status: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions with a population 5,000 or more

  Table: 98-10-0422-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivision

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Indigenous identity (9), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Labour force status (8), Registered or Treaty Indian status (3), Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate (3)

  Description: Data on Indigenous populations with high school diploma or equivalency certificate, for census divisions and large municipalities.

  Release date: 2023-10-04

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• 29. Highest level of education by Indigenous identity and labour force status: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions with a population 5,000 or more

  Table: 98-10-0425-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivision

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Labour force status (8), Registered or Treaty Indian status (3), Indigenous identity (9)

  Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of Indigenous populations by educational characteristics, for census divisions and large municipalities.

  Release date: 2023-10-04

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• 30. Labour force status by visible minority, highest level of education and immigrant status: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions with a population 5,000 or more

  Table: 98-10-0436-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivision

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Labour force status (8), Immigrant status (4), Visible minority (15)

  Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of visible minority groups by educational characteristics, for census divisions and large municipalities.

  Release date: 2023-10-04

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Analysis (87) (10 to 20 of 87 results)

• 11. Changes in the population of tradespeople between 2016 and 2021

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2024002

  Description: There has been a growing concern about future labor supply in skilled trades in Canada. Using data from the Census of Population and the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey (JVWS), this article examines changes in the number and demographic composition of tradespeople from 2016 to 2021 in Canada. Specifically, the study focuses on those employed in Red Seal trades, analyzing variations in age, gender, citizenship, and trade selection.

  Release date: 2024-09-26

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• 12. Workforce utilization of Canadian men with a nursing education

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400900001

  Description: Little is known about the workforce utilization of Canadian men with a nursing education, who accounted for 12% of people eligible to practise nursing in 2021 (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2022). This article compares racialized and White men aged 25 to 64 years with a nursing education in terms of their skill utilization in the workforce.

  Release date: 2024-09-25

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• 13. Experimental Estimates of Potential Artificial Intelligence Occupational Exposure in Canada

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2024005

  Description: This study provides experimental estimates of the number and percentage of workers in Canada potentially susceptible to AI-related job transformation based on the complementarity-adjusted AI occupational exposure index.

  Release date: 2024-09-03

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• 14. Most prevalent jobs of young master’s degree graduates by detailed field of study

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400800001

  Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is an important decision in the lives of young people, because it may lead to significantly higher lifetime earnings, which may vary substantially across different disciplines. The purpose of this short article is to present results for master’s degree graduates aged 25 to 34 collected on the 2021 Census of Population. Only individuals who worked during the census reference week (May 2 to 8, 2021) and who completed a Canadian master’s degree program are included.

  Release date: 2024-08-28

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• 15. Quality of early-career employment for Indigenous graduates with a bachelor’s degree Archived

  Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024029

  Description: The infographic uses data from the integrated file of the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2016 Census, the 2021 Census and the T1 Family File to compare the job quality of Indigenous graduates with a bachelor's degree with that of non-racialized and non-Indigenous graduates two years after graduation. Job quality indicators include employment income, unionization rate, and employer pension plan coverage rate.

  Release date: 2024-06-24

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• 16. Early career quality of employment of Indigenous graduates with a bachelor’s degree, 2010 to 2018 cohorts

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2023005

  Description: Using a database that integrates anonymized data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with data from the 2016 Census, the 2021 Census and the T1 Family File (T1FF), this article will examine demographic characteristics of Indigenous graduates at the bachelor level, as well as certain job quality indicators, such as annual employment income level, unionization rate and pension plan coverage rate, at the beginning of their career, that is two years after graduating.

  Release date: 2024-02-21

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• 17. Most prevalent jobs of young bachelor’s degree graduates by detailed field of study

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200002

  Description: Investing in a postsecondary education is one of the most important decisions made by people over their lifetime. Understanding the potential outcomes associated with specific postsecondary academic programs may help inform young people, but most of the available information focuses on earnings. While important, earnings say little about what postsecondary graduates are likely to do in their career, which may factor heavily in their decision-making process. This article presents the most prevalent jobs held by graduates of Canadian bachelor’s degree programs aged 25 to 34 using the 2021 Census of Population.

  Release date: 2023-12-21

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• 18. The rise in self-employment among women in Canada Archived

  Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023069

  Description: This infographic looks at trends in women's self-employment in Canada, as well as the occupational and demographic characteristics of self-employment among women.

  Release date: 2023-12-19

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• 19. Self-employment among women in Canada

  Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100014

  Description: This study uses historical data from the Labour Force Survey, from 1976 to 2022, to provide a profile of self-employment among women in Canada; looking at changes in the self-employment rate, type of self-employment and the top occupations among the self-employed. It also uses data from the 2001 and 2021 Censuses of Population to profile self-employment among various population groups.

  Release date: 2023-12-04

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• 20. Study: Self-employment among women in Canada Archived

  Stats in brief: 11-001-X202333837705

  Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

  Release date: 2023-12-04

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Reference (9) ((9 results))

• 1. Content changes for the 2026 Census of Population: Labour market activities, commuting and education

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00042026006

  Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: labour market activities, commuting and education. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

  Release date: 2025-07-04

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• 2. Updated content for the 2021 Census of Population: Education, labour, commuting, and Veterans Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00012020004

  Description:

  This fact sheet offers a concise overview of updated—new or modified—content for the 2021 Census of Population that is specific to the theme of education, labour, commuting, and Veterans, which includes the following topics: education, labour market conditions, commuting to work, and Veteran and military service. The changes considered for these topics are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2021.

  Release date: 2020-07-20

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• 3. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-G

  Description: This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-06-10

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• 4. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-G2006003

  Description:

  This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-06-10

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• 5. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-P2006003

  Description:

  This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-04-08

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• 6. They're Here to Farm Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 96-328-M2004022

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This activity focuses on the contribution of immigrants to Canadian agriculture, highlighting which countries they come from and why, and what types of farms they prefer.

  Release date: 2005-01-28

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• 7. Occupation, 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-388-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information to help users interpret and make use of census occupation data. It gives an overview of the collection, coding (to the 2001 National Occupational Classification), edit and imputation of the occupation data from the 2001 Census. The report describes procedural changes between the 2001 and earlier censuses, and provides an analysis of the quality level of the 2001 Census occupation data. Finally, it details the revision of the 1991 Standard Occupational Classification used in the 1991 and 1996 Censuses to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics used in 2001. The historical comparability of data coded to the two classifications is discussed. Appendices to the report include a table showing historical data for the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses.

  Release date: 2004-07-15

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• 8. Industry (Based on 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC]), 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-391-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of census industry data. It provides an overview of the industry processing cycle, including elements such as regional processing, edit and imputation, and the tabulation of error rates. A detailed explanation of the automated coding systems used in the 2001 Census is also documented, in addition to notable changes in the imputation procedures. The report concludes with summary tables that indicate the level of data quality in the 2001 Census industry data. Appendices to the report contain historical data going back to the 1971 Census.

  Release date: 2004-06-02

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• 9. Industry (Based on 1997 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS]), 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-389-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of census industry data. It provides an overview of the industry processing cycle, including elements such as regional processing, edit and imputation, and the tabulation of error rates. Notable changes in the industrial classification structure are discussed as well as differences in the coding procedures from the previous census (1996). The report concludes with summary tables that indicate the level of data quality in the 2001 Census industry data.

  Release date: 2004-05-04