Statistical methods
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Selected geographical area:Canada
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Results
All (2,478)
All (2,478) (0 to 10 of 2,478 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-0001Description: Documents in this series provide insight into the statistical methods used by Statistics Canada to produce official statistics. They include introductory material, in-depth descriptions of techniques and methods, best practices, and guidelines. All documents have undergone review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted methodological standards and practices.Release date: 2026-05-11
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026001Description: This reference document provides nontechnical answers on selected topics related to the use and interpretation of seasonally adjusted data. It is designed to complement more technical discussions of seasonal adjustment found in Statistics Canada publications and reference manuals.Release date: 2026-05-11
- Notices and consultations: 13-605-XDescription: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.Release date: 2026-05-04
- Journals and periodicals: 11-633-XDescription: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.Release date: 2026-04-24
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026002Description: Recent changes in Canada’s immigration levels have heightened interest in understanding how immigration affects housing demand. This article develops a methodological framework for projecting housing use associated with permanent residents (PRs) and non-permanent residents (NPRs) under alternative immigration scenarios. The framework applies observed per capita housing use rates from the Census of Population to estimate incremental housing use by tenure over time.Release date: 2026-04-24
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.Release date: 2026-03-05
- Public use microdata: 89F0002XDescription: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.Release date: 2026-02-12
- Articles and reports: 13-604-M2026001Description: This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in January 2026 for the reference years 2010 to 2025. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National Balance Sheet Accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.Release date: 2026-01-29
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200001Description: Nested error regression models are commonly used to incorporate unit specific auxiliary variables to improve small area estimates. When the mean structure of the model is misspecified, the design-based mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUP) generally increases. The Observed Best Prediction (OBP) method has been proposed with the intent to improve on the design-based MSPE over EBLUP. In this paper, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation experiments to understand the effect of misspsecification of mean structures on different small area estimators. Our findings suggest that the OBP using unit-level auxiliary variables does not outperform the EBLUP in terms of design-based MSPE, unless the number of small areas m is extremely large. Conversely, the performance of OBP significantly improves when area-level auxiliary variables are employed. This paper includes both analytical and numerical evidence to demonstrate these observations, providing practical insights for addressing model misspecification in small area estimation (SAE).Release date: 2025-12-23
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200002Description: This study examines interviewer effects on household nonresponse in three waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) in Austria using a multilevel model. Addressing nonresponse at its source is crucial for maintaining survey data quality and representativeness. Our findings indicate that the variation in response behavior explained by interviewer effects decreased from about one-third in the first wave to 7% in the third wave. Effective interviewers tend to have a university degree, be married, homeowners, and have a larger workload. Additionally, higher mean wages in the household’s municipality negatively affect survey participation. These insights suggest targeted interviewer selection and training strategies to improve response rates.Release date: 2025-12-23
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Data (10)
Data (10) ((10 results))
- Public use microdata: 89F0002XDescription: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.Release date: 2026-02-12
- Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.Release date: 2025-12-19
- Table: 89-26-0006Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.Release date: 2025-03-12
- 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub ArchivedData Visualization: 71-607-X2020010Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.Release date: 2024-08-21
- Table: 11-10-0074-01Geography: Census tractFrequency: OccasionalDescription:
The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).
Release date: 2020-06-22 - 6. Housing Data Viewer ArchivedData Visualization: 71-607-X2019010Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.Release date: 2019-10-30
- Table: 53-500-XDescription:
This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.
Release date: 2004-10-21 - Table: 13-220-XDescription: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.Release date: 2003-01-08
- 9. Historical Statistics of Canada ArchivedTable: 11-516-XDescription:
The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.
The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).
Release date: 1999-07-29 - 10. National Population Health Survey Overview ArchivedTable: 82-567-XDescription:
The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.
This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.
Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,036)
Analysis (2,036) (70 to 80 of 2,036 results)
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100011Description: This discussion examines some advancements in survey design and estimation, inspired by the comprehensive appraisal of Professors Jon Rao and Sharon Lohr on current trends in the field. It delves into three specific areas: balanced sampling, calibration, and small area estimation. Probabilistic balanced sampling methods, such as the cube method and penalized balanced sampling, are explored, with an emphasis on addressing emerging challenges, including extensions to linear mixed models, nonparametric regression models, and spatially balanced designs. Calibration is discussed using a modular framework that incorporates modern regression techniques, and highlights innovative uses of model calibration for data editing and causal inference. Small area estimation is considered in the context of latent variable modeling and data integration, emphasizing its role when the variable(s) of interest cannot be measured either directly or without error. Applications in integrating probability and non-probability data and conducting causal analysis at local level are also discussed.Release date: 2025-06-30
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100012Description: In this discussion, we complement the excellent overview by Profs. Lohr and Rao with some additional topics. The first topic is a call for more recognition of the central role of modeling in survey estimation. The second is a brief discussion of the use of partial frame information in survey design. Finally, we draw the attention to recent increases of synthetic methods, in particular, multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) in small area estimation applications.Release date: 2025-06-30
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100013Description: This discussion of the paper by Rao and Lohr focuses on the use of machine learning procedures for estimating finite population parameters. While there is growing interest in these methods within national statistical offices, several areas remain largely unexplored and warrant significant attention in the coming years. In this discussion, I highlight potential topics for future research and development in this rapidly evolving field.Release date: 2025-06-30
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100014Description: Rao (1999) summarized trends in sample survey theory and methods at the turn of the millenium. We provide an updated discussion of some current trends in survey design and estimation methods for the 50th anniversary of Survey Methodology. Recent innovations in survey design include research on anticipating nonsampling errors at the design stage and development of balanced and adaptive sampling designs to take advantage of detailed sampling frame information or data gathered during the survey process. Nonparametric and machine learning methods are increasingly used for data editing as well as for model-assisted estimation and nonresponse adjustments. Small area models have been expanded to incorporate spatial and time series information, increase the flexibility and robustness of the linking and variance models, benchmark to large-area direct estimators, and (for unit level models) account for informative sampling designs. The increasing availability of large administrative datasets, sensor and satellite data, and convenience samples has spurred research on how to use these sources - on their own and when integrated with probability samples. We conclude by discussing some frontiers for survey research.Release date: 2025-06-30
- 75. Author’s response to comments on “Progress in survey science and practice: Yesterday-today-tomorrow”Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100015Description: This rejoinder is arranged as a series of themes or issues, inspired by the original article, and addressed, to varying degrees, in the six discussions. Among the themes: probability sampling and other paradigms in survey science; the role of the national statistical institutes in the growth of survey science; recent breakthroughs in the use of administrative data in statistics production, with multiple data inputs; the research tradition: a finite population and a well-behaved sample; deepened awareness, in recent decades, of the tradition and its ramifications; the theory track and the role of the academic sector; attempts, over time, at resolving problems; imperfections in the data collection, in the realized sample; nonresponse treatment, responsive design, panel surveys; realpolitik in national statistics production: a realistic approach to meet urgent demands for statistical information.Release date: 2025-06-30
- 76. Comments by Mary E. Thompson on “Progress in survey science and practice: Yesterday-today-tomorrow”Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100016Description: These comments on C.-E. Särndal’s paper, “Progress in survey science and practice: yesterday-today-tomorrow”, will touch on probability sampling fundamentals, progress through competing approaches to inference, connections with other parts of statistics, and data in the twenty-first century.Release date: 2025-06-30
- 77. Comments by Eric Rancourt on “Progress in survey science and practice: Yesterday-today-tomorrow”Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100017Description: In his paper, Särndal is reviewing the scientific aspects of the development of the survey sampling theory. In light of multiple changes in this field, some have called for a new paradigm. Upon careful analysis, Särndal lands on saying that there has been a strong research tradition which is anchored on assumptions about finite populations and feasibility of characterizing them with only a sample. With this framework, there can still be research and change, but the paradigm would essentially remain. In my discussion of this article, after providing precisions on the context of National Statistical Offices (mainly about Statistics Canada), I agree on many points and wonder if it is not a change in methodological paradigm rather than statistical paradigm that we are witnessing and point to some possible ways forward.Release date: 2025-06-30
- 78. Comments by Risto Lehtonen on “Progress in survey science and practice: Yesterday-today-tomorrow”Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100018Description: In his article, Professor Carl-Erik Särndal presents for sample-based statistics a new conceptual framework with only a few key assumptions. Selected aspects of the research tradition in Survey Science are briefly discussed in my comments.Release date: 2025-06-30
- 79. Comments by Robert E. Fay on “Progress in survey science and practice: Yesterday-today-tomorrow”Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100019Description: The attempt to set the current concerns over the future of survey science in the context of the history and philosophy of science offers little specific guidance on the path forward. But the author is to be thanked for sharing his thoughts and encouraging new solutions.Release date: 2025-06-30
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500100020Description: Carl-Erik Särndal’s essay on the challenges to the probability sample survey paradigm (or research tradition) quotes my 2014 article in this journal, which “impatiently” called for a move to a mixed data (or blended data) sources paradigm. I explain my intent not to downgrade probability surveys but to blend them with administrative records and other sources to improve data quality and relevance. The United States has made strides toward blended data since I wrote my article.Release date: 2025-06-30
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Reference (380)
Reference (380) (20 to 30 of 380 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-XGeography: CanadaDescription: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.Release date: 2023-08-28
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0006Description: This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Agriculture–Population Linkage, such as sources of error, matching process, response rates, imputation rates, sampling, weighting, disclosure control methods and data quality indicators.Release date: 2023-08-25
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021011Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.Release date: 2023-03-29
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021012Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.Release date: 2023-03-29
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2022009Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.
This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2022-12-05 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0002Description: This reference guide may be useful to both new and experienced users who wish to familiarize themselves with and find specific information about the Census of Agriculture.
It provides an overview of the Census of Agriculture communications, content determination, collection, processing, data quality evaluation and dissemination activities. It also summarizes the key changes to the census and other useful information.
Release date: 2022-04-14 - Geographic files and documentation: 12-572-XDescription:
The Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) provides a systematic classification structure that categorizes all of the geographic area of Canada. The SGC is the official classification used in the Census of Population and other Statistics Canada surveys.
The classification is organized in two volumes: Volume I, The Classification and Volume II, Reference Maps.
Volume II contains reference maps showing boundaries, names, codes and locations of the geographic areas in the classification. The reference maps show census subdivisions, census divisions, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, census metropolitan influenced zones and economic regions. Definitions for these terms are found in Volume I, The Classification. Volume I describes the classification and related standard geographic areas and place names.
The maps in Volume II can be downloaded in PDF format from our website.
Release date: 2022-02-09 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021008Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.Release date: 2021-12-06
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-004-XDescription:
Statistics: Power from Data! is a web resource that was created in 2001 to assist secondary students and teachers of Mathematics and Information Studies in getting the most from statistics. Over the past 20 years, this product has become one of Statistics Canada most popular references for students, teachers, and many other members of the general population. This product was last updated in 2021.
Release date: 2021-09-02 - 30. Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development, 2021 to 2023 ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021005Description:
The Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch (ASMB) is the research arm of Statistics Canada mandated to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a broad range of data sources and modelling techniques to address the information needs of a broad range of government, academic and public sector partners and stakeholders through analysis and research, modeling and predictive analytics, and data development. The branch strives to deliver relevant, high-quality, timely, comprehensive, horizontal and integrated research and to enable the use of its research through capacity building and strategic dissemination to meet the user needs of policy makers, academics and the general public.
This Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development outlines the priorities for the branch over the next two years.
Release date: 2021-08-12
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