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All (2,481) (0 to 10 of 2,481 results)

  • 1. Statistical Methods Reference Documents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-0001
    Description: Documents in this series provide insight into the statistical methods used by Statistics Canada to produce official statistics. They include introductory material, in-depth descriptions of techniques and methods, best practices, and guidelines. All documents have undergone review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted methodological standards and practices.
    Release date: 2026-06-16
  • 2. Advance indicators: Production, use and interpretation, 2026
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026003
    Description: This article provides nontechnical answers to questions related to the production, use and interpretation of advance indicators for Statistics Canada’s Monthly Survey of Manufacturing, Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey and Monthly Retail Trade Survey.
    Release date: 2026-06-16
  • 3. Trend-cycle estimation: Concepts, interpretation, and calculation, 2026
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026002
    Description: This reference document provides answers on selected topics related to the use, interpretation, and calculation of trend-cycle estimates for seasonally adjusted data. It is designed to complement more technical discussions of seasonal adjustment and trend-cycle estimation found in Statistics Canada publications and reference manuals.
    Release date: 2026-06-08
  • 4. Quantitative impact analysis: A practical overview
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500003
    Description: This spotlight article outlines practical methods for assessing the economic impacts of public programs delivered by federal agencies and Crown corporations. It summarizes key steps in conducting quantitative impact analysis, including data linkage, cohort construction and implementation of quasi causal estimators.
    Release date: 2026-05-27
  • 5. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2026-05-27
  • 6. Income Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 75F0002M
    Description: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.
    Release date: 2026-05-20
  • 7. Seasonal adjustment: Concepts and interpretation, 2026
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026001
    Description: This reference document provides nontechnical answers on selected topics related to the use and interpretation of seasonally adjusted data. It is designed to complement more technical discussions of seasonal adjustment found in Statistics Canada publications and reference manuals.
    Release date: 2026-05-11
  • 8. Latest Developments in the Canadian Economic Accounts
    Notices and consultations: 13-605-X
    Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.
    Release date: 2026-05-04
  • 9. A Framework for Projecting Housing Use Associated with Immigrants and Non-Permanent Residents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026002
    Description: Recent changes in Canada’s immigration levels have heightened interest in understanding how immigration affects housing demand. This article develops a methodological framework for projecting housing use associated with permanent residents (PRs) and non-permanent residents (NPRs) under alternative immigration scenarios. The framework applies observed per capita housing use rates from the Census of Population to estimate incremental housing use by tenure over time.
    Release date: 2026-04-24
  • 10. When and How to Use Area-Level Measures for Health Analysis: A Review and Recommendation Report
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001
    Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.
    Release date: 2026-03-05
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 2. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19
  • 3. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2025-03-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,037)

Analysis (2,037) (50 to 60 of 2,037 results)

  • 51. One-Stop-Shop for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Official Statistics Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100027
    Description: Several challenges encountered when constructing U.S. administrative record-based (AR-based) population estimates for 2020 are identified. They include locational accuracy, person coverage and its consistency over time, filtering out non-residents and people not alive on the reference date, uncovering missing links across person and address records, and predicting demographic characteristics. Several ways to address these issues are discussed. Regression results illustrate how the challenges and solutions affect the AR-based county population estimates.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 52. Exploration of Approaches to Small Area Estimation with Measurement Errors and their Application to Indonesian Household Surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100028
    Description: The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals require detailed, disaggregated data, typically obtained through household surveys. However, surveys alone cannot meet these needs for granular statistics. To address this, National Statistical Institutes adopt small area methods, but these face challenges as auxiliary variables, often derived from surveys, introduce measurement errors into the models. The aim is the application of measurement error correction in classic Fay-Herriot area-level model. The results demonstrate the robustness of the standard approach and ignoring measurement error but show there are specific scenarios where correction for measurement errors is beneficial. The approach is applied to a case study utilizing Indonesian household survey data.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 53. Ahead of the Trends: J.N.K. Rao's Contributions to Survey Research Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100029
    Description: J.N.K. Rao has contributed to almost every subdiscipline of survey research, including unequal-probability and two-phase sampling, variance estimation, regression and categorical data analysis, small area estimation, and data integration. For each of these topics, Rao's work anticipated and led future research directions. His contributions will be discussed in the context of broader research trends as seen in the articles of Survey Methodology over the journal's 50-year history.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 54. Contributions of J.N.K. Rao to Complex Survey Multilevel Models and Composite Likelihood Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100030
    Description: In the setting of multilevel models to be estimated using data from surveys with complex sampling designs, this paper outlines some contributions of the landmark paper by Rao, Verret and Hidiroglou (Survey Methodology, 2013) and subsequent related work.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 55. Comparison of Recent Techniques of Combining Probability and Non-probability Samples Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100031
    Description: Several recent quasi-randomization methods for inferences from non-probability samples will be compared. The considered techniques are developed under the assumption that the sample selection is governed by an underlying latent random mechanism and that it can be uncovered by combining non-probability survey data with a "reference" probability-based sample, obtained from the same target population. Challenges prompting the development of alternative procedures include (i) non-probability sample participation indicators are available only on the observed sample units and (ii) it is not generally known which units from the underlying population belong to both the non-probability and reference samples. The ways different procedures address these challenges are considered, theoretical properties of the methods are discussed and their comparison is made using simulations.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 56. Propensity Score Estimation and Optimal Sampling Design when Integrating Probability Samples with Non-probability Data Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100032
    Description: Although non-probability data sources are not new to official statistics, a revived interest in the topic has emerged from pressures due to falling survey response rates, increasing data collection costs and a desire to take advantage of new data source opportunities from the ongoing societal digitalisation. Due to the exclusion of certain segments of the target population, inference derived solely from a non-probability data source is likely to result in bias. This work approaches the challenge of addressing the bias by integrating non-probability data with reference probability samples. The focus will be on methods to model the propensity of inclusion in the non-probability dataset with the help of the accompanying reference sample, with the modelled propensities then applied in an inverse probability weighting approach to produce population estimates. The reference sample is sometimes assumed as given. In this presentation however, an objective of finding an optimal strategy will be pursued that is, the combination of a data integration-based estimator and sample design for the reference probability sample. Recent work is discussed in which advantage is taken of the good unit identification possibilities in business surveys to study an estimator based on propensities and derive optimal (unequal) selection probabilities for the reference sample.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 57. Including Non-binary Gender in the Calibration Strategy for the Canadian Long-Form Sample Survey Weights Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100033
    Description: Aligning with recent needs for increased disaggregated data, in 2021 Canada became the first country to collect and disseminate data on gender diversity in a national census giving Canadians the option to select male, female, or non-binary. Due to their small size, non-binary population counts were not used in the 2021 Census long-form sample calibration procedure due to the risk of increasing the variance of estimates. This paper presents an alternative long-form calibration strategy which allows for small populations, such as the non-binary group, to be incorporated while mitigating methodological concerns. The strategy put forward can incorporate multiple small populations simultaneously while also being flexible enough to fit the calibration systems of other National Statistical Offices (NSOs). The results of a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation are presented showing improved data quality for the non-binary population under the alternative calibration strategy.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 58. A New Origin-to-Destination Table of Canadian Manufacturing Sales: Challenges with Imputing a Distribution from Annual Survey Data Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100034
    Description: Until now, detailed data on the destination of manufacturing sales have not historically been available to Canadians. Through integration of annual survey data, a destination of sales table by industry and province of origin was developed for the annual and monthly manufacturing surveys at Statistics Canada. Respondents for the annual survey are asked for their distribution of sales as a percentage across 15 destinations. To tackle the difficulty of generating an establishment-level distribution for multi-province respondents, three approaches were compared: using the respondents' total distribution for all their establishments, using optimization, and using the distributions of the single-province respondents. The imputed distribution of destination sales from the annual data was then applied to the monthly survey's sales value. This paper delves into challenges faced with imputing the destination sales (especially for respondents with establishments in multiple provinces), ensuring sales match marginal origin province totals, and allocating a distribution of destinations based on data from the annual program to the monthly estimates.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 59. The Usage of the Relief Algorithm for Edit and Imputation in the Canadian Census of Population Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100035
    Description: Historically, the Canadian census of population Edit and Imputation (E&I) process has operated using a nearest-neighbour donor imputation methodology wherein the distance between a failed unit and a potential donor is obtained through a weighted combination of auxiliary variables. Revision to the model between cycles can be a complicated and time-consuming process given there is no standard approach to variable selection and weighting between topics. This paper will illustrate the potential of the Relief variable selection algorithm to create a machine learning-driven approach to variable selection and weighting that is standardized and comparable between census cycles and among the many topics of the census. An overview on how this process may be applied in practice will be presented, followed by results on several topics that indicate a general improvement over previous methods.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 60. Factors Affecting Response Propensity, with an Interest in Units Sampled Multiple Times Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100036
    Description: As the need for data has grown over the past number of years, the effect and burden of repeatedly sampling the same units for multiple surveys have become an increasing concern. Response burden is generally assumed to contribute to decreasing response rates; however, there are few empirical studies looking into this question. As part of this study, data on response to social surveys conducted at Statistics Canada between 2021 and 2023 was aggregated in order to investigate factors contributing to the observed response patterns, including the effect of having been selected multiple times. It was found that, relative to some other demographic and geographic characteristics, a unit being sampled multiple times is not an influential factor in predicting response propensity.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
Reference (382)

Reference (382) (300 to 310 of 382 results)

  • 301. Estimation with partial overlap longitudinal samples Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015035
    Description:

    In a longitudinal survey conducted for k periods some units may be observed for less than k of the periods. Examples include, surveys designed with partially overlapping subsamples, a pure panel survey with nonresponse, and a panel survey supplemented with additional samples for some of the time periods. Estimators of the regression type are exhibited for such surveys. An application to special studies associated with the National Resources Inventory is discussed.

    Release date: 1999-10-22
  • 302. Multivariate logistic regression for data from complex surveys Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015036
    Description:

    Multivariate logistic regression, introduced by Glonek and McCullagh (1995) as a generalisation of logistic regression, is useful in the analysis of longitudinal data as it allows for dependent repeated observations of a categorical variable and for incomplete response profiles. We show how the method can be extended to deal with data from complex surveys and we illustrate it on data from the Swiss Labour Force Survey. The effect of the sampling weights on the parameter estimates and their standard errors is considered.

    Release date: 1999-10-22
  • 303. Parameter estimation for a finite mixture of distributions for dichotomous longitudinal data: Comparing algorithms Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X19980015037
    Description:

    For longitudinal data, mixed models are often used, since they allow analysts to take account of the correlation between different observations from the same individual. The finite mixture model may be considered as a special case of a mixed model. In this document, attention will be given to the maximum likelihood method. The maximization of the likelihood function for a finite mixture of distributions is generally more difficult than in the usual case of a single distribution and can require considerable time. The objective of this project was therefore primarily to identify the one or more algorithms that best meet the criteria of run time and of efficiency in finding the solution. To achieve this objective, a simulation study was carried out. Only the situation in which the dependent variable is dichotomous was considered. This situation is very useful in practice, since among other things it can be used to model discrete durations, such as the length of time in "low income" status.

    Release date: 1999-10-22
  • 304. SLID Questionnaire for Demographics and Contacts: 1999 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1999003
    Description:

    This document presents the questions, responses and interview flow for the Contact and Demographic portions of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) interviews.

    Release date: 1999-09-27
  • 305. 1999 Preliminary Interview Questionnaire Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1999004
    Description:

    This paper presents the questions, possible responses and question flows for the 1999 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) preliminary questionnaire.

    Release date: 1999-09-27
  • 306. Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Labour Interview Questionnaire: January 1999 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1999005
    Description:

    This paper outlines the structure of the January 1999 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) labour interview questionnaire, including question wording, possible responses, and flows of questions.

    Release date: 1999-09-27
  • 307. Statistics Canada's Survey of Financial Security: Update Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13F0026M1999006
    Description:

    Although income and expenditure data provide an indication of current consumption and ability to purchase goods and services, they provide little information on the long-term ability of families to sustain themselves. The results of this survey will provide information on the net worth (wealth) of Canadian families, that is, the value of their assets less their debts.

    This paper examines the objectives of the survey, how the survey has changed since 1984, the types of questions being asked and information that will be provided, as well as other survey background. An accompanying table outlines the content of the questionnaire. The intent of this paper is to describe the work done to date and the next steps for this important subject.

    Release date: 1999-09-27
  • 308. Unified Enterprise Survey Information Package Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 68F0015X
    Description:

    The purpose of this paper is to provide some general background and describe the methodology of the pilot year Unified Enterprise Survey (UES). It also illustrates the role of the Unified Enterprise Survey Program (UESP) within The Project to Improve Provincial Economic Statistics (PIPES) program. This information package is targeted toward external clients, for example the Provincial Focal Points, enabling them to assess future data releases planned by industry sector. The scope of this information package will be expanded as subsequent data releases over the next six months or so provide more industry specific details for the seven new pilot industries included in the 1997 UES. This document is approximately twenty-two pages in length and is to be offered at no charge to callers requesting information on the UES.

    Release date: 1999-09-01
  • 309. Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status (Reference Products : Technical Reports : 1996 Census of Population) Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-353-X
    Description:

    This report deals with age, sex, marital status and common-law status. It is aimed at informing users about the complexity of the data and any difficulties that could affect their use. It explains the theoretical framework and definitions used to gather the data, and describes unusual circumstances that could affect data quality. Moreover, the report touches upon data capture, edit and imputation, and deals with the historical comparability of the data.

    Release date: 1999-04-16
  • 310. Towards a New Canadian Asset and Debt Survey - a Content Discussion Paper Archived
    Notices and consultations: 13F0026M1999001
    Description:

    The main objectives of a new Canadian survey measuring asset and debt holding of families and individuals will be to update wealth information that is over one decade old; to improve the reliability of the wealth estimates; and, to provide a primary tool for analysing many important policy issues related to the distribution of assets and debts, future consumption possibilities, and savings behaviour that is of interest to governments, business and communities.

    This paper is the document that launched the development of the new asset and debt survey, subsequently renamed the Survey of Financial Security. It looks at the conceptual framework for the survey, including the appropriate unit of measurement (family, household or person) and discusses measurement issues such as establishing an accounting framework for assets and debts. The variables proposed for inclusion are also identified. The paper poses several questions to readers and asks for comments and feedback.

    Release date: 1999-03-23

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