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  • 1. Seasonal adjustment: Concepts and interpretation, 2026
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026001
    Description: This reference document provides nontechnical answers on selected topics related to the use and interpretation of seasonally adjusted data. It is designed to complement more technical discussions of seasonal adjustment found in Statistics Canada publications and reference manuals.
    Release date: 2026-05-11
  • 2. Statistical Methods Reference Documents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-0001
    Description: Documents in this series provide insight into the statistical methods used by Statistics Canada to produce official statistics. They include introductory material, in-depth descriptions of techniques and methods, best practices, and guidelines. All documents have undergone review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted methodological standards and practices.
    Release date: 2026-05-11
  • 3. Latest Developments in the Canadian Economic Accounts
    Notices and consultations: 13-605-X
    Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.
    Release date: 2026-05-04
  • 4. A Framework for Projecting Housing Use Associated with Immigrants and Non-Permanent Residents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026002
    Description: Recent changes in Canada’s immigration levels have heightened interest in understanding how immigration affects housing demand. This article develops a methodological framework for projecting housing use associated with permanent residents (PRs) and non-permanent residents (NPRs) under alternative immigration scenarios. The framework applies observed per capita housing use rates from the Census of Population to estimate incremental housing use by tenure over time.
    Release date: 2026-04-24
  • 5. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2026-04-24
  • 6. When and How to Use Area-Level Measures for Health Analysis: A Review and Recommendation Report
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001
    Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.
    Release date: 2026-03-05
  • 7. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 8. Distributions of Household Economic Accounts, estimates of asset, liability and net worth distributions, 2010 to 2025, technical methodology and quality report
    Articles and reports: 13-604-M2026001
    Description: This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in January 2026 for the reference years 2010 to 2025. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National Balance Sheet Accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.
    Release date: 2026-01-29
  • 9. Effects of model misspecification on small area estimators
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200001
    Description: Nested error regression models are commonly used to incorporate unit specific auxiliary variables to improve small area estimates. When the mean structure of the model is misspecified, the design-based mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUP) generally increases. The Observed Best Prediction (OBP) method has been proposed with the intent to improve on the design-based MSPE over EBLUP. In this paper, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation experiments to understand the effect of misspsecification of mean structures on different small area estimators. Our findings suggest that the OBP using unit-level auxiliary variables does not outperform the EBLUP in terms of design-based MSPE, unless the number of small areas m is extremely large. Conversely, the performance of OBP significantly improves when area-level auxiliary variables are employed. This paper includes both analytical and numerical evidence to demonstrate these observations, providing practical insights for addressing model misspecification in small area estimation (SAE).
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 10. Who’s asking? Interviewer effects on unit nonresponse in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200002
    Description: This study examines interviewer effects on household nonresponse in three waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) in Austria using a multilevel model. Addressing nonresponse at its source is crucial for maintaining survey data quality and representativeness. Our findings indicate that the variation in response behavior explained by interviewer effects decreased from about one-third in the first wave to 7% in the third wave. Effective interviewers tend to have a university degree, be married, homeowners, and have a larger workload. Additionally, higher mean wages in the household’s municipality negatively affect survey participation. These insights suggest targeted interviewer selection and training strategies to improve response rates.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 2. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19
  • 3. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2025-03-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,036)

Analysis (2,036) (1,970 to 1,980 of 2,036 results)

  • 1,971. A personal view of hot deck imputation procedures Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900254832
    Description:

    A Hot Deck imputation procedure is defined to be one where an incomplete response is completed by using values from one or more other records on the same file and the choice of these records varies with the record requiring imputation.

    General approaches to Hot Deck imputation are outlined, with emphasis on the interaction between the edit constraints and the imputation procedures. Distance functions can be constructed on a mixture of categorical and numeric fields, can be modified to take account of the relative importance of fields and can discriminate against less desirable donors. Matching fields may be correlated with missing fields, may be linked with missing fields by edits or may be natural stratification variables; but increasing the number of matching fields does not necessarily result in a better match. It is important to audit the imputation process and to summarize its performance.

    Hot Deck procedures should be evaluated to study the bias and reliability of the estimates, donor usage and frequency of imputation failure in terms of a variety of conditions of the data and variations of the imputation procedure. It appears that the only generally available approach to evaluation is by simulation.

    Release date: 1979-12-14
  • 1,972. Data, statistics, information - Some issues of the Canadian Social Statistics Scene Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900254833
    Description:

    This paper looks at the current state of development of social statistics in Canada. Some key concepts related to statistics and social information are defined and discussed. The availability and analysis of administrative data is highlighted, along with the need for social surveys. Suggestions are made about the types of data analysis needed for the development of social decision models to meet policy requirements. Finally, an outline of priorities for future work toward the effective use of social statistics is given.

    Release date: 1979-12-14
  • 1,973. Management of information: Future trends Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100001
    Description: This paper discusses the management of information within the context of the information industry and indicates some likely future trends related thereto. The information industry itself is first briefly described. Then the process used in producing information, the organizational structure required for such production, and the legislation relating to the information industry are discussed in turn. Finally, some approaches to solving the problems of the future are suggested.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,974. Non-response in the Canadian Labour Force Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100002
    Description: This paper includes a description of interviewer techniques and procedures used to minimize non-response, an outline of methods used to monitor and control non-response, and a discussion of how non-respondents are treated in the data processing and estimation stages of the Canadian Labour Force Survey. Recent non-response rates as well as data on the characteristics of non-respondents are also given. It is concluded that a yearly non-response rate of approximately 5 percent is probably the best that can be achieved in the Labour Force Survey.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,975. An empirical investigation of an improved method of measuring correlated response variance Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100003
    Description: Two methods for estimating the correlated response variance of a survey estimator are studied by way of both theoretical comparison and empirical investigation. The variance of these estimators is discussed and the effects of outliers examined. Finally, an improved estimator is developed and evaluated.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,976. Selecting a sample of size n with PPSWOR from a finite population Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100004
    Description: Let U = {1, 2, …, i, …, N} be a finite population of N identifiable units. A known “size measure” x_i is associated with unit i; i = 1, 2, ..., N. A sampling procedure for selecting a sample of size n (2 < n < N) with probability proportional to size (PPS) and without replacement (WOR) from the population is proposed. With this method, the inclusion probability is proportional to size (IPPS) for each unit in the population.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,977. On the inclusion of large units in simple random sampling Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100005
    Description: Approximate cutoff rules for stratifying a population into a take-all and take-some universe have been given by Dalenius (1950) and Glasser (1962). They expressed the cutoff value (that value which delineates the boundary of the take-all and take-some) as a function of the mean, the sampling weight and the population variance. Their cutoff values were derived on the assumption that a single random sample of size n was to be drawn without replacement from the population of size N.

    In the present context, exact and approximate cutoff rules have been worked out for a similar situation. Rather than providing the sample size of the sample, the precision (coefficient of variation) is given. Note that in many sampling situations, the sampler is given a set of objectives in terms of reliability and not sample size. The result is particularly useful for determining the take-all - take-some boundary for samples drawn from a known population. The procedure is also extended to ratio estimation.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,978. Unbiased estimation of proportions under sequential sampling Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197900100006
    Description: Under a sequential sampling plan, the proportion defective in the sample is generally a biased estimator of the population value. In this paper, an unbiased estimator is given. Also, an unbiased estimator of its variance is derived. These results are applied to an estimation problem from the 1976 Canadian Census.
    Release date: 1979-06-15
  • 1,979. The application of a systematic method of automatic edit and imputation to the 1976 Canadian Census of Population and Housing Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800254832
    Description: I.P. Fellegi and D. Holt proposed a systematic approach to automatic edit and imputation. An implementation of this proposal was a Generalized Edit and Imputation System by the Hot-Deck Approach, that was utilized in the edit and imputation of the 1976 Canadian Census of Population and Housing. This paper discusses that application, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology with some empirical evidence. The system will be considered in relation to the general issues of the edit and imputation of survey data. Some directions for future developments will also be considered.
    Release date: 1978-12-15
  • 1,980. Large scale imputation of survey data Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800254833
    Description: Owners of small businesses complain about the quantity of forms they are required to collectors of statistics. Administrative data are an alternative source but do not usually include all the information required by the survey takers.

    The “Tax Data Imputation System” makes use of tax data collected from a large number of businesses by Revenue Canada and data obtained by sample survey for a small subset of these businesses. Survey data is imputed (estimated) for all the businesses not actually surveyed using a “hot-deck” technique, with adjustments made to ensure certain edit rules are satisfied. The results of a simulation study suggest that this procedure has reasonable statistical properties. Estimators (of means or totals) are unbiased with variances of comparable size to the corresponding ratio estimators.
    Release date: 1978-12-15
Reference (380)

Reference (380) (330 to 340 of 380 results)

  • 331. Historical revision of the National Economic and Financial Accounts Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X19970018521
    Description:

    A historical revision of the National Economic and Financial Accounts was published on December 12, 1997. This historical revision had three goals.

    Release date: 1997-12-12
  • 332. Changing the CPI to a new official time base (1992=100) Archived
    Notices and consultations: 62-010-X19970023422
    Description:

    The current official time base of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is 1986=100. This time base was first used when the CPI for June 1990 was released. Statistics Canada is about to convert all price index series to the time base 1992=100. As a result, all constant dollar series will be converted to 1992 dollars. The CPI will shift to the new time base when the CPI for January 1998 is released on February 27th, 1998.

    Release date: 1997-11-17
  • 333. 2001 Census Consultation Guide Archived
    Notices and consultations: 92-125-G
    Description:

    This consultation guide marks the beginning of the content consultation and testing process for the 2001 Census. A broad range of data users, including those in every level of government, national associations, non-government organizations, community groups, businesses and private sector, universities and the general public, will be asked to provide their comments on the questions asked, requirements for future census information, and the identification of data gaps.

    Release date: 1997-10-31
  • 334. National tourism indicators: A new tool for analysing tourism in Canada Archived
    Notices and consultations: 87-003-X19970012882
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The purpose of this article is to inform Travel-log readers of the availability of a new analytical tool - the National Tourism Indicators. These estimates, which measure trends in tourism in Canada, are placed in perspective here, taking into account the concepts and definitions used in developing them.

    Release date: 1997-01-08
  • 335. The Effect of Rebasing on GDP Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-604-M1996035
    Description:

    About once every five years, the System of National Accounts (SNA) is rebased to keep up with the evolution of prices in the economy. In other words, its aggregates at constant prices are recalculated in terms of the prices of a more recent time. Also, the System is revamped about once a decade to introduce new accounting conventions, improved methods of estimation and revised statistical classifications. These revisions will change the gross domestic product (GDP) of the past 70 years. Both types of revision are presently underway, with their results scheduled for release next year.

    This article takes an advance look at the likely effect of rebasing the SNA on the record of growth since 1992. It presents the results of an approximate rebasing of the expenditure-based GDP of the quarterly National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA).

    Release date: 1996-08-30
  • 336. Alternative Measures of the Average Duration of Unemployment Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
  • 337. The Use of Income Tax Data for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993001
    Description:

    This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of an approach to collecting income data being tested for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) whereby respondents would be encouraged to refer to their T1 income tax forms.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
  • 338. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Labour Interview Questionnaire: January 1993 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993002
    Description:

    The paper provides question wording, lays out the possible responses, and maps out the flow of the questions for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) labour interview questionnaire.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
  • 339. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Income Interview: May 1993 Questionnaire and Data Collection Procedures Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993004
    Description:

    This paper provides a description of the data collection procedures and the question wordings for the income and wealth portion of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), as well as some rationale for the chosen direction.

    Release date: 1995-12-30
  • 340. Summary of Observations: Head Office Observers and Interviews: January 1993 Test Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993005
    Description:

    This paper presents general observations from the members of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics head office project team, a summary of responses by a subset of interviewers in the test who were asked to complete a debriefing questionnaire after completing the test and detailed comments by the observers from Head Office.

    Release date: 1995-12-30

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