Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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This paper presents data collected from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) preliminary interview on a person's work experience: years of full-time work, part-time work and no work. It uses these data to study the effect of Labour market intermittency (or time not in a full-time job) on current employment earnings.

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This article compares earnings and incomes of northern Canadians and other Canadians by occupation, sex and other variables. It also examines income sources for both groups.

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The number of dual-earner couples increased in the 1980s, but has this translated to more dual-pensioner families in the 1990s? The growth of husband-wife couples with both spouses receiving private pension benefits is compared with that of their single- and no-pensioner counterparts. Sources of pension income are also analyzed.

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In this paper we ask the three following questions : 1) even after controlling for cyclical effects, do new spells of low earnings now last longer than they used to? 2) once a male worker starts a new spell of low earnings, does he receive lower real annual wages now than his counterparts did in the mid-seventies? 3) has long-term inequality in earnings risen in the eighties? The answers to these questions are the following. First, even after taking account of the relatively high unemployment rates observed since the mid-eighties, it was harder for Canadian male workers, especially those aged 18-24, to move out of the bottom of the earnings distribution during the 1985-93 period than during the 1975-84 period. In other terms, new spells of low earnings now last longer for these workers. Second, real annual wages received by young males who went through a new spell of low earnings were significantly lower in 1985-93 than in 1975-84. Third, during the eighties, inequality in earnings cumulated over either six or ten years rose at the same pace as inequality in annual earnings.

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Contrary to popular belief, the average earnings of men working full year full time seem to decline prior to retirement. This study explores several possible explanations for the unexpected pattern.

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Many people believe that service jobs are synonymous with low wages. This article compares average weekly earnings, excluding overtime, of paid workers across more than 100 different service industries. It also assesses the disparity in the earnings of service and goods sector workers.

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In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.

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This study is one of a series that examines how technology adoption affects the skills of workers. Previous papers in the series have approached this issue in differentways with data from a variety of sources. Using data on the strategies and activities of small and medium-sized firms in both manufacturing and services industries,Baldwin and Johnson (1995), Baldwin, Johnson and Pedersen (1996) examine the connection between the different strategies that are pursued by growing firms.Firms that stress technological competencies are found to also place a greater emphasis on skill enhancement and training activities. Using survey data on the type oftechnology used in manufacturing plants and plant managers' perceptions of the skill requirements and training costs associated with the adoption of newtechnologies, Baldwin, Gray and Johnson (1995) find that technology use leads to greater skill requirements, more training, and higher training costs.This paper uses survey data on the incidence of advanced technology adoption and matched panel data on plant characteristics such as wages, capital intensity, andsize to examine the connection between technology use and the wage rates received by workers. Since higher wages are associated with higher skill levels,establishing a connection between technology use and wages reinforces the earlier findings.

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This paper follows up on the initial article in the publication Dynamics of Labour and Income, 1994 Report. The analysis remains the same, but it provides detailed variable groupings, regression and decomposition results which were not originally included.

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One of the most radical changes in Canadian society in the past 30 years has been the growth of dual-earner husband-wife families. Using the most recent data on families with employment income, this article examines couples in which wives earn more than their husbands, to see how they differ from the majority of working husband-wife families (those in which the husband is the main breadwinner).

Description: Fixed weighted index (2002=100) of average hourly earnings for all employees, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees and average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

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Number of employees and average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees in the automotive industry, based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees, average hourly and weekly earnings, and average weekly hours by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and type of employee, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees, average hourly and weekly earnings (including overtime), and average weekly hours for the industrial aggregate excluding unclassified businesses, last 5 months.

Description: Number of employees and average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by provinces, territories and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 months.

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Major wage settlements, including number of agreements, number of employees, average duration of agreements, first year average percentage wage adjustment, and annual average percentage wage adjustment, by jurisdiction, industry, sector, and cost of living adjustment (COLA), monthly, from 1977 to 2020.

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Major wage settlements, including number of agreements, number of employees, average duration of agreements, first year average percentage wage adjustment, and annual average percentage wage adjustment, by jurisdiction, industry, sector, and cost of living adjustment (COLA), quarterly, from 1977 to 2020.

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Major wage settlements, including number of agreements, number of employees, average duration of agreements, first year average percentage wage adjustment, and annual average percentage wage adjustment, by jurisdiction, industry, sector, and cost of living adjustment (COLA), annually, from 1977 to 2020.

Description: Individuals; Tax filers and dependants 15 years of age and over with labour income by sex and age groups (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.

Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.

Description: The gender pay gap is a longstanding issue that exists in various industries across Canada, including the agricultural sector. This article provides analysis on the gender pay gap among Canada’s farm operators over time and explores the gender pay gap in 2020 by geography, farm type, revenue class, level of education, field of study, racialized group and population centre.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Using the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 2007 to 2022, this article examines how aggregate statistics of the gender wage gap (GWG) from 2007 to 2022 mask the distinct experiences of diverse population groups, namely Indigenous and immigrant population compared to wage gap among Canadian-born men and women, and how various factors that underlie the observed GWGs will determine whether each population group faces unique challenges or whether they share common challenges.

Description: This infographic looks at how women from diverse groups experience the gender wage gap differently and how it has changed from 2007 to 2022. It uses data from the Labour Force Survey for paid workers aged 20 to 54, to examine the distinct experiences of diverse groups of women Including Indigenous women, immigrant women and non-Indigenous women born in Canada.

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census, this study examines educational attainment and earnings of the Canadian-born Black population, focusing on three groups: i) those with at least one African-born parent (African-origin); ii) those with at least one Caribbean-born parent (Caribbean-origin); and iii) those whose parents were both born in Canada (Canadian-origin).

Description: The objectives of this survey were to: measure the frequency and number of job changes occurring in the Canadian labour market over one-, two- and three-year periods; provide information on the characteristics of jobs held (wage rates, usual work schedules, etc.); identify groups of people who would benefit from EIC programs; and identify participants of specific EIC programs.

Description: This survey collects information on work schedules, hours of work, flexible hours, home-based work, as well as on employee benefits and wages.

Description: The Employment Insurance Coverage Survey provides a meaningful picture of who does or does not have access to EI benefits among the jobless and those in a situation of underemployment. The survey also covers access to maternity and parental benefits.

Description: The retirement savings data file provides information on the number of Canadians participating in an employer-sponsored pension plans (e.g.registered pension plans (RPPs) and deferred profit sharing plans (DPSPs)) and contributing to registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) for the taxation year.

Description: This survey will measure compensation paid to employees in various occupational categories in both the private and public sectors.

Description: The main purpose of this survey is to evaluate the impact of Employment Benefits and Support Measures (EBSM) offered by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) in the province of Ontario during fiscal year 2001-2002.

Description: This survey identified identify the prevailing wages paid to seasonal horticultural workers in labourer or manual occupations. Specifically, it focused on foreign and domestic workers hired as farm labourers or harvesters, and nursery or greenhouse labourers.

Description: The purpose of this survey is to collect information about job vacancies and wages by occupation, at the national, provincial, territorial and economic region levels.

Description: This is non-Statistics Canada information.

Description: The Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP) is a database that contains annual employment information for each employer business in Canada, starting with the 1983 reference year.