Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

Description:

This study examines the distribution of literacy skills in the Canadian economy and the ways in which they are generated. In large part, the generation of literacy skills has to do with formal schooling and parental inputs into their children's education. The nature of literacy generation in the years after individuals have left formal schooling and are in the labour market is also investigated. Once the core facts about literacy in the economy have been established, the study turns to examining the impact of increased literacy on individual earnings. Both the causal impact of literacy on earnings and the joint distribution of literacy and income are explored. The authors argue that the latter provides a more complete measure of how well an individual is able to function in society.

The study focuses mainly on data from the Canadian component of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), composed of a sample of over 22,000 respondents. The Canadian component of the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) is also used in order to obtain a more complete picture of how literacy changes with age and across birth cohorts.

Description:

This bulletin contains salary information for the year 2006-07. Information is provided for institutions that have determined salaries for the period and have responded to the survey by June 2007. This information is collected annually under the 'University and College Academic Staff Survey' and has a reference date of October 1. Therefore, the data reflect employment in universities as of that date. Each university must authorize Statistics Canada to release their information. However, information for institutions that have less than 100 full-time staff (and who responded to the survey by June 2007) are not included in this bulletin but are now available by special request to Client Services (telephone: 1 800 307-3382 or 613-951-7608; fax: 613-951-4441; TTY: 1 800 363-7629; email: educationstats@statcan.ca), Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics, Statistics Canada, 150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa ON, K1A 0T6.

Description:

The high-tech sector was a major driving force behind the Canadian economic recovery of the late 1990s. It is well known that the tide began to turn quite suddenly in 2001 when sector-wide employment and earnings halted this upward trend, despite continued gains in the rest of the economy. As informative as employment and earnings statistics may be, they do not paint a complete picture of the severity of the high-tech meltdown. A decline in employment may result from reduced hiring and natural attrition, as opposed to layoffs, while a decline in earnings among high-tech workers says little about the fortunes of laid-off workers who did not regain employment in the high-tech sector. In this study, I use a unique administrative data source to address both of these gaps in our knowledge of the high-tech meltdown. Specifically, the study explores permanent layoffs in the high-tech sector, as well as earnings losses of laid-off high-tech workers. The findings suggest that the high-tech meltdown resulted in a sudden and dramatic increase in the probability of experiencing a permanent layoff, which more than quadrupled in the manufacturing sector from 2000 to 2001. Ottawa-Gatineau workers in the industry were hit particularly hard on this front, as the permanent layoff rate rose by a factor of 11 from 2000 to 2001. Moreover, laid-off manufacturing high-tech workers who found a new job saw a very steep decline in earnings. This decline in earnings was well above the declines registered among any other groups of laid-off workers, including workers who were laid off during the "jobless recovery" of the 1990s. Among laid-off high-tech workers who found a new job, about four out of five did not locate employment in high-tech, and about one out of three moved to another city. In Ottawa-Gatineau, many former high-tech employees found jobs in the federal government. However, about two in five laid-off high-tech workers left the city.

Description:

Young women have gained considerable ground on young men in terms of educational attainment in the 1990s. The objective of this study is to assess the role of rapidly rising educational attainment among young women in raising their relative position in the labour market. The findings suggest that the educational trends have not contributed towards a decline in the full-time employment gap. Nevertheless, they have contributed towards a decline in the gender earnings gap, especially in the 1990s. However, university-educated women have lost ground to university-educated men. This is likely due to the fact that men and women continued to choose traditional disciplines during the 1990s, but only male-dominated disciplines saw improvements in average earnings.

Description:

This table contains 2886 series, with data for years 1961 - 2001 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2007-03-06. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Labour productivity measures and related measures (13 items: Real value added; Hours worked for all jobs; Total number of jobs; Annual average number of hours worked for all jobs ...), Industries, by aggregation (222 items: Total economy; special aggregation; Business sector - goods; special aggregation; Business sector - services; special aggregation; Business sector; special aggregation

Description: This table contains 1998 series, with data for years 1946 - 2001 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2007-03-06. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Labour productivity measures and related measures (9 items: Real value added; Total number of jobs; Annual average number of hours worked for all jobs; Hours worked for all jobs ...), Industries, by aggregation (222 items: Total economy; special aggregation; Business sector - goods; special aggregation; Business sector - services; special aggregation; Business sector; special aggregation ...).

Description:

This paper models earnings of male and female Bachelor's graduates in Canada five years after graduation. Using a university fixed-effect approach, the research finds evidence of significant (fixed) variations in earnings among graduates from different universities. Within universities, changes over time in various characteristics are correlated with changes in graduates' earnings. Increases in undergraduate enrollment are associated with declines in subsequent earnings for graduates, suggesting crowding out. For men, but not women, increases in the professor - student ratio are associated with meaningful gains in students' subsequent earnings. Models that do not condition on a student's major show increased effects of changes in a university's characteristics, with estimated effects rising up to almost two-fold. For women in particular, changes in several university characteristics are strongly associated with changes in women's choice of major. Changes in university characteristics are not strongly related to the probability of employment five years after graduation.

Description:

The degree to which workers leave the country was a much-discussed issue in Canada - as elsewhere - in the latter part of the 1990s, although recent empirical evidence shows that it was not such a widespread phenomenon after all, and that rates of leaving have declined substantially in recent years. One aspect of the international mobility dynamic that has not yet been addressed, however, is the effect on individuals' earnings of leaving the country and then returning. The lack of empirical evidence on this issue stems principally from the unavailability of the kind of longitudinal data required for such an analysis. The contribution of this paper is to present evidence on how leaving and returning to Canada affects individuals' earnings based on an analysis carried out with the Longitudinal Administrative Database. The models estimated use movers' (relative) pre-departure profiles as the basis of comparison for their post-return (relative) earnings patterns in order to control for any pre-existing differences in the earnings profiles of movers and non-movers (while also controlling for other factors that affect individuals' earnings at any point in time).

Overall, those who leave the country have higher earnings than non-movers upon their returns, but most of these differences were already present in the pre-departure period. In terms of net earnings growth, individuals who were away for two to five years appear to do best, and enjoy earnings that are 12% higher in the five years following their return relative to their pre-departure levels (controlling for other factors), while those who leave for just one year have smaller gains, and those who spend longer periods abroad have lower (relative) earnings upon their returns as compared to before leaving (perhaps due to other events associated with their mobility patterns). Interestingly, these gains seem to be concentrated among those who had the lowest pre-move earnings levels (less than $60,000), while those higher up on the earnings ladder had smaller and more variable gains.

Description:

This table contains 343 series, with data for years 1961-1980 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2007-01-16. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (15 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island ...), Government transfer payments (25 items: Total; all government transfer payments to persons; Total federal transfer payments; Family and youth allowances; Pensions; World Wars I and II ...).

Description:

Using Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Worker File, we document short-term and long-term earnings losses for a large (10%) sample of Canadian workers who lost their job through firm closures or mass layoffs during the late 1980s and the 1990s. Our use of a nationally representative sample allows us to examine how earnings losses vary across age groups, gender, industries and firms of different sizes. Furthermore, we conduct separate analyses for workers displaced only through firm closures and for a broader sample displaced either through firm closures or mass layoffs. Our main finding is that while the long-term earnings losses experienced on average by workers who are displaced through firm closures or mass layoffs are important, those experienced by displaced workers with considerable seniority appear to be even more substantial. Consistent with findings from the United States by Jacobson, Lalonde and Sullivan (1993), high-seniority displaced men experience long-term earnings losses that represent between 18% and 35% of their pre-displacement earnings. For their female counterparts, the corresponding estimates vary between 24% and 35%.

Description: Average weekly earnings by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), type of employee and overtime status, last 5 years.

Description: Average hourly earnings for employees paid by the hour, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and overtime status, last 5 years.

Description: Average hourly earnings (including overtime) for salaried employees, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 years.

Description: Average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by enterprise size and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 quarters.

Description: Average weekly earnings (including overtime) for all employees by enterprise size and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), last 5 years.

Description: Average and median employment income by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

Description: This interactive tool provides an overview of the student debt and estimated gross annual earnings of postsecondary graduates in Canada. Estimates are available for four levels of study (college, bachelor's, master's and doctorate) and by province of study or location of residence at time of interview. Measures of student debt include the percentage of graduates who owed debt to any source at graduation, the average amount of that debt, and the percentage of those graduates who had paid off their debt by the time of interview. Estimated gross annual earnings are measured at the 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile.

Description: Individuals with wages, salaries and commissions; Tax filers aged 15 years and over with wages, salaries and commissions by sex and age (preliminary T1 Family File; T1FF).

Description: Individuals with wages, salaries and commissions; Tax filers aged 15 years and over with wages, salaries and commissions by North American Industry Classification System and sex (preliminary T1 Family File; T1FF).

Description: Change in average wages expected by businesses over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, first quarter of 2024.

Description:

In the publication Quality of Employment in Canada, the Employees with low pay indicator measures the proportion of employees earning less than two-thirds of the median hourly earnings (before tax and other deductions) at their main job.

Description:

Statistics Canada continues develop and refine neighbourhood-level information to answer questions about where Canadians live and how this affects their lives. Based on a sample of almost 50,000 survey respondents, residing in 6,481 neighbourhoods, across 29 CMAs in Canada, this article compares the neighbourhood characteristics of individuals in the bottom 20% of the family income distribution with those in the other 80% of the income distribution. This focus is taken given the primary role that family income plays in shaping housing options and decisions, and the prospects that those in the bottom 20% are most constrained in this respect.

Description:

"Canada's Poverty Reduction Strategy" introduces the Official Poverty Line for Canada with a dashboard of 12 Indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's Official Poverty Rate and the associated 12 indicators.

Description:

This infographic features the earnings and mobility of newly-certified journeypersons across Canada. It presents mobility rates over time as well as key results among selected Red Seal trades for earnings and mobility.

Description:

Although international students are increasingly considered a pool of skilled individuals to be encouraged for permanent residency and participation in the Canadian labour market, the role of Canadian study in economic outcomes after immigration is not well understood. To this end, this article examines the relationship between pre-immigration study in Canada and post-immigration earnings.

Description:

Using 2016 Census and administrative data, this study estimates the differences in weekly earnings received by workers in designated visible minority and White categories, as defined by the Employment Equity Act, employed in four broad sectors of the Canadian workforce. Of central interest is whether differences in weekly earnings between these categories were larger in small and medium-size commercial enterprises than they were in large commercial enterprises and in organizations and enterprises in the non-commercial sector.

Description:

Using data from the 2016 Census, this study compares the weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority and White categories, as defined in the Employment Equity Act. This paper addresses three sets of research questions. First, in 2015, were there significant differences in the estimated weekly earnings of individuals in designated visible minority categories relative to White people? Among which designated visible minority categories were differences in weekly earnings largest? Were these differences similar among women and men? Second, to what extent did sociodemographic and employment characteristics account for differences in average weekly earnings across designated visible minority and White categories? And third, were differences in average weekly earnings narrower, wider or about the same in 2015 as in 2005?

Description:

While a large literature has documented the substantial and persistent earnings losses often experienced by displaced workers, relatively little is known regarding the educational strategies that prime-aged displaced workers use to cope with job loss. Specifically, the extent to which Canadian laid-off workers undergo re-skilling, i.e. enter new fields of study after losing their job or simply upgrade their skills and remain within their initial fields of study is currently unknown. This study fills this information gap using data from the Post-Secondary Information System (PSIS) in conjunction with Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker file (LWF) and the Census of Population of 2006.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description:

Since the 1990s, Canadian immigration policy has emphasized human capital, particularly education and language proficiency, in the selection of economic immigrants. While immigration and the domestic educational system continuously increase the supply of a university-educated labour force, there has been concern that skilled trades are an often-overlooked career option for many secondary school graduates, and that this may lead to labour shortages in skilled trades. This article examines trends in the number of economic immigrant principal applicants who intended to work in skilled trades, their sociodemographic characteristics, and their employment and earnings outcomes. Also, comparisons are made with other economic immigrant principal applicants.

Description: The retirement savings data file provides information on the number of Canadians participating in an employer-sponsored pension plans (e.g.registered pension plans (RPPs) and deferred profit sharing plans (DPSPs)) and contributing to registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) for the taxation year.

Description: This survey will measure compensation paid to employees in various occupational categories in both the private and public sectors.

Description: The main purpose of this survey is to evaluate the impact of Employment Benefits and Support Measures (EBSM) offered by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) in the province of Ontario during fiscal year 2001-2002.

Description: This survey identified identify the prevailing wages paid to seasonal horticultural workers in labourer or manual occupations. Specifically, it focused on foreign and domestic workers hired as farm labourers or harvesters, and nursery or greenhouse labourers.

Description: The purpose of this survey is to collect information about job vacancies and wages by occupation, at the national, provincial, territorial and economic region levels.

Description: This is non-Statistics Canada information.

Description: The Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP) is a database that contains annual employment information for each employer business in Canada, starting with the 1983 reference year.

Description: The objective of this program is to provide data on employment (number of employees, wages and salaries) in the public sector, i.e. the federal, provincial, territorial and local general governments, health and social service institutions, universities, colleges, vocational and trade institutions, school boards, and government business enterprises.

Description: The survey is designed to provide annual estimates of retail sales, inventories, purchases, employees earnings and location data. This is a survey of Canadian retail business firms with sales and receipts over certain thresholds. The sales data are provided by kind of business and by province and territory.

Description: The Labour Cost Survey was intended to collect information on wage and non-wage benefit costs which is necessary to construct a Labour Cost index.