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All (425) (390 to 400 of 425 results)

391. Child psychiatric disorders, poor school performance and social problems: the roles of family structure and low-income Archived
Articles and reports: 89-553-X19980014023
Geography: Canada
Description:
The primary goal of this chapter is to improve our understanding of the roles that family structure and low-income play in the determination of psychiatric disorders, poor school performance, and social problems among Canadian children. While there is broad agreement that environmental factors have an impact on these outcomes, until recently there has been little or no Canadian data with which to assess the importance of socio-economic factors in determining the incidence and severity of such problems.
Release date: 1998-11-05
392. Foreign-born vs Native-born Canadians: A Comparison of Their Inter-provincial Labour Mobility Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998114
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper investigates the inter-provincial labour mobility behaviour of immigrants relative to that of native-born Canadians. Foreign-born Canadians differ a great deal from their domestically-born counterparts. The foreign-born population is geographically concentrated in a few provinces and a few big cities. As a whole, they are older, better educated, more likely to be married, and more likely to have dependent children and bigger households. They are less active in participating in full-time education and training. They fare relatively better in the labour market. As a result, a higher proportion of them receive social security benefits that are directly tied to the presence of dependent children or age such as family allowance benefits and pension income, but a lower proportion receive benefits that are related to labour market performance such as employment insurance benefits and social assistance benefits.
As a whole, immigrants are relatively less mobile inter-provincially. This is true both nationally and across almost every province. Among those who move to other provinces, destinations for foreign-born migrants are highly geographically concentrated. Most of them make their new homes in Alberta, Ontario and British Columbia. A significantly lower proportion of them relocate to other provinces for economic considerations but a much higher proportion move to go to school or after retirement. Earnings return to their inter-provincial migration is significantly more substantial. This is the result of both wage increase and more hours of work after migration.
Multi-variate regression results show that there are no statistically significant structural differences in the determinants of inter-provincial migration decisions between comparable foreign- and native-born Canadians. The probability of moving to other provinces, for immigrants as well as for domestically-born Canadians, is higher if earnings potentials elsewhere are relatively higher, lower if it is relatively harder to find employment elsewhere, higher among better educated workers, lower among French-speaking Canadians, lower among union members, and decreases with age, family size and job tenure. None of the proxies for government's labour market interventions significantly affect the decision to move inter-provincially. The lower mobility rates among the foreign-born are fully attributable to distributional and compositional differences between the immigrant and non-immigrant populations.
These findings have a direct policy implication on immigration selection. To encourage population and labour force growth in economically less prosperous provinces, it appears appropriate and effective to amend the current immigration selection and approval system, considering intended destinations as an additional factor and awarding additional points to applicants who choose designated provinces.
Release date: 1998-09-23
393. Aging baby boomers and what it means for domestic travel in the 21st century Archived
Articles and reports: 87-003-X19980033852
Geography: Canada
Description:
The signs are all around us ... from coffee mugs boasting that "There is life after 50" to the popularity of golf to the growing number of adult lifestyle communities: Canada's population is getting older. The aging of the baby boom generation is largely responsible for this trend, coupled with historically low fertility and mortality rates. The baby boom generation has established trends in the marketplace as they have proceeded along the demographic trail. Tourism is no exception. Almost four out of every ten Canadians travelling within Canada were baby boomers in 1996 and they spent 53% of the total domestic expenditures. This article explore how this demographic cohort is influencing many current domestic travel trends and how these may shift in the future based on the travel behaviour of older age groups.
Release date: 1998-07-13
394. An Explanation of the Increasing Age Premium Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998112
Geography: Canada
Description:
The study examines the reason for the significant increase in the 'age premium' over the period 1981-94. The age premium refers to the percentage difference in hourly earnings between 'younger' (25-34) and 'older' (45-54) workers. In 1994, the hourly rate of older males was 32.4% higher than that of younger males. The corresponding age premium among females was 15.5%. Over the period 1981-94, the age premium increased by 15.7 percentage points among males and 19.5 percentage points among females.
Evidence based on analysis of the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) public use microdata shows that, while there has been a trend toward non-standard employment, this so far has affected mostly workers under age 25 and cannot explain the rise in the age premium between ages 25-to-34 and 45-to-54, which is the focus of this study.
A more likely explanation identified by the study is the dramatic improvement in the level of education of older workers over the last 14 years. For example, from 1981 to 1994 the percentage of older male workers with grade 10 education or less declined from 41.9% to 19.6%, while the percentage with post-secondary diplomas and degrees increased from 32.1% to 51.7%. The education level of younger male workers also improved over the same period, but the rate of improvement was smaller and, by 1994, there was virtually no difference in the incidence of post-secondary diplomas and degrees between younger and older workers. Similar trends took place among female workers. Shift-share analysis shows that the narrowing of the education gap between older and younger workers explains 44% of the age premium rise among male employees and 50% of the age premium rise among female employees.
Release date: 1998-06-29
395. What is Happening to Earnings, Inequality and Youth Wages in the 1990s? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1998116
Geography: Canada
Description:
The increase in earnings inequality among men in particular in Canada has been well documented. This paper adds to our knowledge of inequality trends by addressing three issues. First, what has happened to earnings inequality among the employed population in the 1990s? We find that earnings inequality and polarization increased little in the population of all workers (men and women combined) between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. The second question relates to the impact of the changing propensity of Canadians to hold a job on earnings inequality. Put another way, if we focus on the entire population of working age Canadians (those with and without paid employment), what are the inequality trends. We find that earnings inequality among the working age population changed little over the 1980s and 1990s. This analysis incorporates both the influence of the changing employment/population ratio and inequality trends among employed workers on overall earnings inequality among the working age population. But this relative stability in overall earnings inequality since the mid-1980s masks a number of offsetting underlying trends. Some groups of workers are making earnings gains (notably older workers, and women) while others are losing (notably younger workers and men). This paper focuses in particular on the earnings trends among younger workers, and finds that the decline in annual earnings of younger male workers in particular is associated with a decline in real hourly wages.
Release date: 1998-06-29
396. Spousal violence Archived
Articles and reports: 85-224-X19980005284
Geography: Canada
Description:
This section examines the nature and extent of cases of spousal violence reported to the police. Special attention is given to how spousal violence differs for women and men.
Release date: 1998-05-28
397. A profile of home schooling in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X19970043733
Geography: Canada
Description:
At the start of every school year, not all children head off to the classroom. Instead, some Canadian families choose an alternative form of education that is commonly known as home schooling or home-based education. Helped by the establishment of regionally based support groups and national organizations, the home-schooling movement has been growing in acceptance in North America.
Release date: 1998-05-20
398. Wheels of change: Employment in Canada's trucking industry, 1988-1994 Archived
Articles and reports: 61-532-X19970013500
Description:
"If you've got it, a truck brought it." When you stop to think about it, an increasing number of the things we use are transported to market for at least part of the way, by truck. The trucking industry is becoming increasingly important to the transportation sector of the Canadian economy. This growing importance can be attributed to several factors including the deregulation of transportation, the surge in trade with the United States and the evolving structure of the industry itself. It is within this context that concern for labour issues, including a driver shortage, has been voiced. The demands on drivers have increased, driver training is inadequate and as a result, there is a perceived shortage of qualified drivers. This study examines employment in the trucking industry from 1988 to 1994 by looking at various sources of employment data at Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1998-02-02
399. Characteristics of hospital users Archived
Articles and reports: 82-003-X19970033454
Geography: Canada
Description:
For people living in the community, this article explores selected health problems and personal characteristics that are associated with having been hospitalized.
Release date: 1998-01-15
400. The Dimensions of Wage Inequality Among Aboriginal Peoples Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997109
Geography: Canada
Description:
In addition to confirming a wage gap between Canadian workers as a whole and those of Aboriginal origin, our research also generated new findings: there is greater disparity in the distribution of wages among Aboriginals than among Canadian workers as a whole, even after allowing for demographic differences.
Our analysis does not stop there. Indeed, this analysis can hide considerable wage dispersions between Aboriginal groups since appreciable wage gaps were noted between these groups. Having said this, wage dispersion is most likely greater for certain Aboriginal groups than others. Since this aspect has never been studied before, the purpose of this paper is to document differences in wage dispersion for the four main Aboriginal groups. Our results show that North American Indians living on reserves are the most disadvantaged Aboriginal group because their earnings are substantially lower than those of the other groups.
Release date: 1998-01-14

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Analysis (425)

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1. Labour market characteristics of persons with and without disabilities, 2023
Articles and reports: 71-222-X2024002
Description: This article examines trends in rates of employment and unemployment, as well as hourly wages and work hours, for the year 2023, and explores how disability intersects with age, sex, educational attainment, and racialized groups to influence labour market outcomes.
Release date: 2024-06-13
2. Postsecondary educational attainment and labour market outcomes among Indigenous peoples in Canada, findings from the 2021 Census
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100012
Description: This study uses data from the 2021 Census to report on postsecondary educational attainment and labour market outcomes among Indigenous adults aged 25 to 64 years. As First Nations people, Métis and Inuit are more likely to live in certain regions, which can impact their participation in both education and the labour market, the article pays particular attention to patterns in educational attainment and employment among those residing in remote areas, on reserve, and communities across Inuit Nunangat.
Release date: 2023-10-27
3. A story about the diversity of Canada’s farm operators
Articles and reports: 96-325-X202100100017
Description: This article provides insights on the ethnocultural diversity of farm operators, according to various socioeconomic characteristics, such as racialized group or Indigenous self-identification, mother tongue, place of birth, immigrant status, gender, age, educational attainment, farm type, and revenue class.
Release date: 2023-10-27
4. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrants
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002
Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.
Release date: 2023-09-27
5. Education and earnings of Canadian-born Black populations
Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100009
Description: Using data from the 2021 Census, this study examines educational attainment and earnings of the Canadian-born Black population, focusing on three groups: i) those with at least one African-born parent (African-origin); ii) those with at least one Caribbean-born parent (Caribbean-origin); and iii) those whose parents were both born in Canada (Canadian-origin).
Release date: 2023-08-22
6. Distance as a Factor for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit High School Completion
Articles and reports: 81-595-M2023002
Description: This fact sheet uses 2016 Census of Population data linked to the Remoteness Index to examine the relationship between remoteness and high school completion for First Nations people, Métis, and Inuit aged 19 to 45. The Remoteness index measures geographic proximity to service centers for each populated community, which is an important determinant of socio-economic, education, and health outcomes. This study attempts to disentangle factors relevant to educational attainment and shed light on the learning context of First Nations people, Métis, and Inuit.
Release date: 2023-06-21
7. Unemployment and job vacancies by education, 2016 to 2022
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300500001
Description: The increase in the number of job vacancies observed in Canada over the last few years has attracted considerable attention. This article provides new insights on this issue by comparing the number of job vacancies requiring a given education level with the number of unemployed individuals with such education.
Release date: 2023-05-24
8. Do university-educated immigrants recover economically from a slow start?
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300500003
Description: The selection of highly educated immigrants is based in part on the premise that they can better adapt to the labour market and will have, on average, better economic outcomes than less-educated immigrants. Earlier research indicates that this is the case. However, some university-educated immigrants have a slow start in the initial years after immigration. Little Canadian research has considered whether these immigrants eventually catch up with similarly educated immigrants who have early economic success. Likewise, it is unknown whether they outperform less-educated immigrants. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this study looks at the long-term economic outcomes of university-educated economic principal applicant immigrants who immigrated at the ages of 20 to 44 during the period from 1990 to 2014 by their earnings level in the initial years after immigration.
Release date: 2023-05-24
9. Immigration selection factors and the earnings of economic principal applicants
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200600001
Description:
This article summarizes a new report, prepared by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada and Statistics Canada, that updates empirical analysis intended to support the development of the selection criteria for economic immigrants in Canada. The follow-up study asks which selection factors best predict earnings of economic principal applicants. The analysis focuses on factors that are currently used in the selection of economic immigrants and that are available in the Longitudinal Immigration Database. These factors, all measured at landing, are: age, education, official language ability, pre-landing Canadian work experience, pre-landing Canadian study experience, whether the applicant has a spouse, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the spouse.

Release date: 2022-06-22
10. Profile of Canadian graduates at the bachelor level belonging to a group designated as a visible minority, 2014 to 2017 cohorts
Articles and reports: 81-595-M2022003
Description:
Using a database that integrates data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with 2016 Census and tax data, this article compares, for the first time, the demographic characteristics of graduates at the bachelor level from each of the 10 population groups designated as visible minorities with graduates not belonging to these groups.

Release date: 2022-06-06

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Date modified:: 2024-06-20