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Description:

Historical releases of wholesale trade inventories, available for all members under release, adjustments and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) dimensions, available on a monthly basis, for Canada, in dollars x 1,000.

Description: Monthly railway industry carloading statistics for intermodal and non-intermodal traffic in metric tonnes, for the period from January to the most current month of the current year, Canada, Eastern Division and Western Division.

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Monthly railway industry carloading statistics for non-intermodal traffic, total number carloads and metric tonnes, for the period from January to the most current month of the current year, Canada, Eastern Division and Western Division.

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International travel by non-Canadian visitors coming to Canada for a trip. Data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

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International travel by non-Canadian visitors coming to Canada for a trip. Seasonally-adjusted data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

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International travel to Canada by automobile (car), motorcycle, truck or other land vehicle, by port of entry (border crossing). Data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

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International travel by non-Canadians visitors coming to Canada for a trip, by Canadians returning from a visit abroad and by other non-tourism travellers (e.g. crew), by port of entry (e.g. airport, border crossing). This table includes breakdowns by mode of transportation (e.g. plane, automobile (car), boat) and by duration (same-day, overnight). Data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

Description:

International travel by non-Canadians visitors coming to Canada for a trip, by Canadians returning to Canada from a visit abroad and by other non-tourism travellers. This table includes breakdowns by mode of transportation (e.g. plane, automobile (car)) and by duration (same-day, overnight). Seasonally-adjusted data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

Description: International travel by non-Canadians visitors coming to Canada for a trip, by port of entry (e.g. airport, border crossing). This table includes breakdowns by mode of transportation (air, land, water), by arrival type and by duration (same-day, overnight). Data come from Frontier Counts, part of the Tourism Statistics Program.

Description: Natural gas storage opening and closing inventories, injections, withdrawals and adjustments reported in gigajoules and cubic metres, monthly, January 2016 to present.

Description:

This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, daily average; Brazilian real, daily average; Chinese renminbi, daily average; European euro, daily average; ...).

Description: This interactive data visualization dashboard gives users access to the latest released data and the historical data related to rail freight transport in Canada with a focus on monthly statistics.

Description: The "Frontier Counts: Interactive Dashboard" provides access to data on the number of border crossings in an interactive and customizable format. The counts include only those travelling for tourism-related purposes. The dashboard includes four visualizations: leading indicator of air arrivals, leading indicator of land arrivals, returning Canadians, and visitors to Canada.

Description: Historical monthly release of Canadian Sales of goods manufactured (shipments), new orders, unfilled orders, inventories, raw materials, goods or work in process, finished goods, and inventory to sales ratios for durable and non-durable goods by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for reference periods January 2002 to the current reference month. Not all combinations are available. Values are in constant dollars.

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Historical monthly release of capacity utilization rates for Canadian manufacturers by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), from January 2017 to the current reference month.

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Historical monthly release of Canadian Sales of goods manufactured (shipments), new orders, unfilled orders, raw materials, goods or work in process, finished goods, total inventories, inventory to sales ratios and finished goods to sales ratios by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), for reference periods January 2013 to the current reference month.

Description:

Historical monthly release of provincial and territorial manufacturing sales, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), data in thousands of dollars. Unadjusted and seasonally adjusted values available from January 2013 to the current reference month. Not all combinations are available.

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Historical (real-time) releases of wholesale sales, price and volume, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data is seasonally adjusted and available on a monthly basis in dollars x 1,000,000.

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Historical releases of wholesale trade sales, available for all members under release and adjustment dimensions, for Canada, provinces and territories, available on a monthly basis in dollars x 1,000.

Description:

Historical releases of wholesale trade inventories, available for all members under release, adjustments and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) dimensions, available on a monthly basis, for Canada, in dollars x 1,000.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Inspired by the two excellent discussions of our paper, we offer some new insights and developments into the problem of estimating participation probabilities for non-probability samples. First, we propose an improvement of the method of Chen, Li and Wu (2020), based on best linear unbiased estimation theory, that more efficiently leverages the available probability and non-probability sample data. We also develop a sample likelihood approach, similar in spirit to the method of Elliott (2009), that properly accounts for the overlap between both samples when it can be identified in at least one of the samples. We use best linear unbiased prediction theory to handle the scenario where the overlap is unknown. Interestingly, our two proposed approaches coincide in the case of unknown overlap. Then, we show that many existing methods can be obtained as a special case of a general unbiased estimating function. Finally, we conclude with some comments on nonparametric estimation of participation probabilities.

Description: We provide comparisons among three parametric methods for the estimation of participation probabilities and some brief comments on homogeneous groups and post-stratification.

Description: Beaumont, Bosa, Brennan, Charlebois and Chu (2024) propose innovative model selection approaches for estimation of participation probabilities for non-probability sample units. We focus our discussion on the choice of a likelihood and parameterization of the model, which are key for the effectiveness of the techniques developed in the paper. We consider alternative likelihood and pseudo-likelihood based methods for estimation of participation probabilities and present simulations implementing and comparing the AIC based variable selection. We demonstrate that, under important practical scenarios, the approach based on a likelihood formulated over the observed pooled non-probability and probability samples performed better than the pseudo-likelihood based alternatives. The contrast in sensitivity of the AIC criteria is especially large for small probability sample sizes and low overlap in covariates domains.

Description: Non-probability samples are being increasingly explored in National Statistical Offices as an alternative to probability samples. However, it is well known that the use of a non-probability sample alone may produce estimates with significant bias due to the unknown nature of the underlying selection mechanism. Bias reduction can be achieved by integrating data from the non-probability sample with data from a probability sample provided that both samples contain auxiliary variables in common. We focus on inverse probability weighting methods, which involve modelling the probability of participation in the non-probability sample. First, we consider the logistic model along with pseudo maximum likelihood estimation. We propose a variable selection procedure based on a modified Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) that properly accounts for the data structure and the probability sampling design. We also propose a simple rank-based method of forming homogeneous post-strata. Then, we extend the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm to this data integration scenario, while again properly accounting for the probability sampling design. A bootstrap variance estimator is proposed that reflects two sources of variability: the probability sampling design and the participation model. Our methods are illustrated using Statistics Canada’s crowdsourcing and survey data.

Description: In this rejoinder, I address the comments from the discussants, Dr. Takumi Saegusa, Dr. Jae-Kwang Kim and Ms. Yonghyun Kwon. Dr. Saegusa’s comments about the differences between the conditional exchangeability (CE) assumption for causal inferences versus the CE assumption for finite population inferences using nonprobability samples, and the distinction between design-based versus model-based approaches for finite population inference using nonprobability samples, are elaborated and clarified in the context of my paper. Subsequently, I respond to Dr. Kim and Ms. Kwon’s comprehensive framework for categorizing existing approaches for estimating propensity scores (PS) into conditional and unconditional approaches. I expand their simulation studies to vary the sampling weights, allow for misspecified PS models, and include an additional estimator, i.e., scaled adjusted logistic propensity estimator (Wang, Valliant and Li (2021), denoted by sWBS). In my simulations, it is observed that the sWBS estimator consistently outperforms or is comparable to the other estimators under the misspecified PS model. The sWBS, as well as WBS or ABS described in my paper, do not assume that the overlapped units in both the nonprobability and probability reference samples are negligible, nor do they require the identification of overlap units as needed by the estimators proposed by Dr. Kim and Ms. Kwon.

Description: In some of non-probability sample literature, the conditional exchangeability assumption is considered to be necessary for valid statistical inference. This assumption is rooted in causal inference though its potential outcome framework differs greatly from that of non-probability samples. We describe similarities and differences of two frameworks and discuss issues to consider when adopting the conditional exchangeability assumption in non-probability sample setups. We also discuss the role of finite population inference in different approaches of propensity scores and outcome regression modeling to non-probability samples.

Description: Pseudo weight construction for data integration can be understood in the two-phase sampling framework. Using the two-phase sampling framework, we discuss two approaches to the estimation of propensity scores and develop a new way to construct the propensity score function for data integration using the conditional maximum likelihood method. Results from a limited simulation study are also presented.

Description: Nonprobability samples emerge rapidly to address time-sensitive priority topics in different areas. These data are timely but subject to selection bias. To reduce selection bias, there has been wide literature in survey research investigating the use of propensity-score (PS) adjustment methods to improve the population representativeness of nonprobability samples, using probability-based survey samples as external references. Conditional exchangeability (CE) assumption is one of the key assumptions required by PS-based adjustment methods. In this paper, I first explore the validity of the CE assumption conditional on various balancing score estimates that are used in existing PS-based adjustment methods. An adaptive balancing score is proposed for unbiased estimation of population means. The population mean estimators under the three CE assumptions are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation studies and illustrated using the NIH SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study to estimate the proportion of U.S. adults with COVID-19 antibodies from April 01-August 04, 2020.

Description: Our comments respond to discussion from Sen, Brick, and Elliott. We weigh the potential upside and downside of Sen’s suggestion of using machine learning to identify bogus respondents through interactions and improbable combinations of variables. We join Brick in reflecting on bogus respondents’ impact on the state of commercial nonprobability surveys. Finally, we consider Elliott’s discussion of solutions to the challenge raised in our study.

Description: Health regions are defined by the provinces and represent administrative areas or regions of interest to health authorities. This product contains correspondence files (linking health regions to latest Census geographic codes) and digital boundary files. User documentation provides an overview of health regions, sources, methods, limitations and product description (file format and layout).

In addition to the geographic files, this product also includes Census data (basic profile) for health regions.

Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources, reference years and accessible levels of geographical and disaggregation. Each indicator has a corresponding products number (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents). This document has been updated to reflect the social inclusion indicators and associated products that are available in 2024.

Description: This report presents the results of a study on the estimated number of children eligible for instruction in the minority official language, pursuant to section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, who were classified as ineligible in the 2021 Census because relationships between family members living at different addresses could not be established within this data source. Using other data sources, including previous censuses and administrative data (such as vital statistics and tax data), we were able to establish these family relationships within the 2021 Census. This report presents the methods and data sources used first, then the results by selected regions and age groups.

Description:

This report deals with Indigenous identity, Indigenous ancestry, Indigenous group, Registered or Treaty Indian status, Membership in a First Nation or Indian band, Membership in a Métis organization or Settlement, and Enrollment under an Inuit land claims agreement, and contains explanations of concepts, data quality, historical comparability and comparability with other sources, as well as information on data collection, processing and dissemination.

Description: The data for the products associated with this technical reference guide are derived from an early version of the T1 file that Statistics Canada receives from Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Data on special topics linked to income and income tax deductions can be derived from the T1 income tax returns. Topics of interest for this preliminary release of the T1 data can vary from year to year.

Description: Departmental Plans (DP) are individual expenditure plans for each department and agency. These reports provide increased levels of detail over a three-year period on an organization's main priorities by strategic outcome, program and planned/expected results, including links to related resource requirements presented in the Main Estimates. In conjunction with the Main Estimates, Departmental Plans serve to inform members of Parliament on planned expenditures of departments and agencies, and support Parliament's consideration of supply bills. The DPs are typically tabled soon after the Main Estimates by the President of the Treasury Board.

Description: Census of Agriculture data provide statistical information on farms and farm operators at fine geographic levels and for small subpopulations. Quality evaluation activities are essential to ensure that census data are reliable and that they meet user needs.

This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Census of Agriculture, such as sources of error, error detection, disclosure control methods, data quality indicators, response rates and collection rates.

Description: This guide presents information to enhance an understanding of Canadian International Merchandise Trade statistics. It provides essential definitions, describes key concepts and methodology, and outlines data processes. An overview of the published data, including descriptions of product, industry, and geographical classifications, is provided along with links to the products where these data are available.

Description:

Created in collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), this user guide with appended data dictionary provides Canadians and researchers with required information to be able to utilize the Detailed preliminary information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (Revised) table.

The user guide with appended data dictionary describes background information of COVID-19 as well as objectives, coverage, content, limitations and data quality concerns of the table.

Description: The primary source of data used in post index construction are periodic retail-price and cost-of-living surveys conducted at foreign locations by the foreign service personnel stationed there. Statistics Canada analyses this survey data. In addition to a variety of price information gathered from retail outlets patronized by Canadian personnel at the post, data are also obtained regarding their spending patterns, along with information on the availability of any special local purchasing facilities, and the extent to which staff make direct importation of consumer goods from other countries. The general aim is for full-scale surveys to be carried out at about three-year intervals. However, specific studies may be undertaken more or less frequently than this, depending on the volatility of retail price conditions in each particular country, the instability of exchange rates and the extent to which close monitoring of changes in the local retail price situation being faced by Canadian personnel can be achieved through reference to other statistical indicators.