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- Census of Population (27)
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Results
All (1,891)
All (1,891) (1,780 to 1,790 of 1,891 results)
- 1,781. The maximum likelihood method for non-response in sample surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198600114441Description:
The analysis of survey data becomes difficult in the presence of incomplete responses. By the use of the maximum likelihood method, estimators for the parameters of interest and test statistics can be generated. In this paper the maximum likelihood estimators are given for the case where the data is considered missing at random. A method for imputing the missing values is considered along with the problem of estimating the change points in the mean. Possible extensions of the results to structured covariances and to non-randomly incomplete data are also proposed.
Release date: 1986-06-16 - 1,782. Statistical editing and imputation for periodic business surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198600114442Description:
For periodic business surveys which are conducted on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis, the data for responding units must be edited and the data for non-responding units must be imputed. This paper reports on methods which can be used for editing and imputing data. The editing is comprised of consistency and statistical edits. The imputation is done for both total non-response and partial non-response.
Release date: 1986-06-16 - 1,783. Practical criteria for definition of weighting classes ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198600114443Description:
When the technique of adjustment using weighting classes is applied to compensate for the effect of non-response, several questions arise that call for precise and quantified answers: How does the choice of the variables used for definition of the classes affect total root-mean-square error, in particular non-response bias and sampling variance? What rule and what procedure should be followed in choosing the adjustment variables? On the basis of what criterion can the optimal sizes for the weighting classes be established? Finally, when this procedure is applied to compensate for non-response with respect to specific elements of a questionnaire, how can strongly correlated ancillary variables be used effectively when they themselves are affected by non-response? This article is addressed to those professionals working at a practical level who are seeking guidelines.
Release date: 1986-06-16 - 1,784. A study of the effects of imputation groups in the nearest neighbour imputation method for the National Farm Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198600114444Description:
A new processing system using the nearest neighbour (N-N) imputation method is being implemented for the National Farm Survey (NFS). An empirical study was conducted to determine if the NFS estimates would be affected by using imputation groups based on type of farm. For the specific imputation rule examined, the study showed evidence that the effect might be small.
Release date: 1986-06-16 - 1,785. Stratification in the Canadian Labour Force Survey ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214372Description:
The use of a multivariate clustering algorithm to perform stratification for the Labour Force Survey is described. The algorithm developed by Friedman and Rubin (1967) is modified to allow the formation of geographically contiguous strata and to delineate heterogeneous but compact primary sampling units (PSUs) within these strata. Studies dealing with stratification variables, stratification robustness over time, and type of stratification are described.
Release date: 1985-12-16 - 1,786. Sampling microfilmed manuscript census returns ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214373Description:
In the first part of the paper a review of the historical literature concerning microfilmed manuscript census records is given. Several types of sampling designs have been used ranging in complexity from cluster and stratified random sampling to stratified two-stage cluster sampling. In the second part, a method is given to create a public use sample tape of the 1881 Census of Canada. This work was part of a pilot project for Public Archives of Canada and was carried out by the Social Science Computing Laboratory of the University of Western Ontario. The pilot project was designed to determine the merit and technical and economic feasibility of developing machine readable products from microfilm copies of the 1881 Census of Canada.
Release date: 1985-12-16 - 1,787. Estimation of total for two characters in multiple frame surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214374Description:
In this paper estimation of multiple characters in multiple frame surveys has been investigated. The gain due to two character study in a common survey, over separate surveys for individual characters, has been obtained. Cost comparison is also made between two character multi frame survey and two character single frame survey.
Release date: 1985-12-16 - 1,788. Seasonal adjustment of labour force series during recession and non-recession periods ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214375Description:
This paper analyzes the revisions of eight seasonally adjusted labour force series during recession and non-recession periods. The four seasonal adjustment methods applied are X-11 and X-11-ARIMA using either concurrent or forecast seasonal factors. The series are seasonally adjusted with these four methodologies according to both a multiplicative and an additive decomposition model. The results indicate that the X-11-ARIMA concurrent adjustment yields the smallest revisions both during recession and non-recession periods regardless of the decomposition model used.
Release date: 1985-12-16 - 1,789. Relational patterns between total unemployment and unemployment insurance beneficiaries in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214376Description:
This study purports to assess whether there are temporal relationships between Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries, Total Unemployment, Job Losers and Job Leavers in Canada using univariate and multivariate time series methods. The results indicate that during 1975-82 the Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries series leads: (1) Total Unemployment by one month and (2) Job Leavers by two months. On the other hand, there are evidence of a feedback relationship between Unemployment Insurance Beneficiaries and Job Losers.
Release date: 1985-12-16 - 1,790. Basic principles of questionnaire design ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X198500214377Description:
Thirty basic principles of questionnaire design are presented covering the content, wording, format, and testing of questionnaires. The extent to which the questionnaire is an integral part of the survey is emphasized as is consideration of its relationship with other aspects of survey design.
Release date: 1985-12-16
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Stats in brief (83)
Stats in brief (83) (80 to 90 of 83 results)
- Stats in brief: 13-604-M2005047Description:
This paper discusses the revision policy of Canada's National Tourism Indicators (NTI) and summarizes results from some recent studies of data revisions to the NTI. The discussion is timely, as the adoption of explicit data revision policies has been emphasized recently as an essential element in the good governance of statistical systems.
The paper starts with a brief description of the NTI, their underlying conceptual framework, and their sources and methods. Next comes a discussion of the need for data revisions, and an outline of various types of revisions. Then a few sections are devoted to the new NTI revision policy adopted with the first quarter 2004 estimates, and the associated costs and benefits. Revision studies, which have been used to assess quality of national accounts estimates, and the database established to track data revisions to the NTI are described next. Last, results from some recent NTI data revision exercises and studies are summarized.
Release date: 2005-01-28 - 82. Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures: United States/Canada - Updates, 1992-2001 ArchivedStats in brief: 13-604-M2002039Description:
The latest annual results for the US/Canada purchasing power parities (PPPs) and real expenditures per head in the US compared with Canada are published in this paper. The data were developed for the period 1992 to 2001, using the latest US and Canada expenditure data from the National Accounts and price comparisons for 1999. The paper contains summaries of differences between the results of the multilateral (OECD) study and the Statistics Canada bilateral study. Some differences in classifications have been incorporated, as well as normal national Accounts revisions. Ten tables are presented in an Appendix for 21 categories of expenditure for the GDP.
Release date: 2002-06-28 - 83. Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures, United States and Canada - An Update to 1998 ArchivedStats in brief: 13-604-M1999036Description:
Recent economic trends, including expanding globalization of trade (as evidenced by new trade agreements), volatility in market exchange rates, and greater interest in international comparisons of real income and productivity are generating increased interest in intercountry comparisons. These comparisons are made in real terms derived from purchasing power parities (PPPs). In Canada, a particularly important relationship with the United States focusses attention on US/Canada comparative price and volume measures. This article includes updated annual bilateral volume indexes of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and its components for the United States, compared with Canada, and the associated PPPs.
Release date: 1999-11-30
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Articles and reports (1,783)
Articles and reports (1,783) (10 to 20 of 1,783 results)
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100010Description: This discussion summarizes the interesting new findings around measurement errors in opt-in surveys by Kennedy, Mercer and Lau (KML). While KML enlighten readers about “bogus responding” and possible patterns in them, this discussion suggests combining these new-found results with other avenues of research in nonprobability sampling, such as improvement of representativeness.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100011Description: Kennedy, Mercer, and Lau explore misreporting by respondents in non-probability samples and discover a new feature, namely that of deliberate misreporting of demographic characteristics. This finding suggests that the “arms race” between researchers and those determined to disrupt the practice of social science is not over and researchers need to account for such respondents if using high-quality probability surveys to help reduce error in non-probability samples.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100012Description: Nonprobability samples are quick and low-cost and have become popular for some types of survey research. Kennedy, Mercer and Lau examine data quality issues associated with opt-in nonprobability samples frequently used in the United States. They show that the estimates from these samples have serious problems that go beyond representativeness. A total survey error perspective is important for evaluating all types of surveys.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100013Description: Statistical approaches developed for nonprobability samples generally focus on nonrandom selection as the primary reason survey respondents might differ systematically from the target population. Well-established theory states that in these instances, by conditioning on the necessary auxiliary variables, selection can be rendered ignorable and survey estimates will be free of bias. But this logic rests on the assumption that measurement error is nonexistent or small. In this study we test this assumption in two ways. First, we use a large benchmarking study to identify subgroups for which errors in commercial, online nonprobability samples are especially large in ways that are unlikely due to selection effects. Then we present a follow-up study examining one cause of the large errors: bogus responding (i.e., survey answers that are fraudulent, mischievous or otherwise insincere). We find that bogus responding, particularly among respondents identifying as young or Hispanic, is a significant and widespread problem in commercial, online nonprobability samples, at least in the United States. This research highlights the need for statisticians working with commercial nonprobability samples to address bogus responding and issues of representativeness – not just the latter.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X202400100014Description: This paper is an introduction to the special issue on the use of nonprobability samples featuring three papers that were presented at the 29th Morris Hansen Lecture by Courtney Kennedy, Yan Li and Jean-François Beaumont.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.Release date: 2024-04-26
- Articles and reports: 18-001-X2024001Description: This study applies small area estimation (SAE) and a new geographic concept called Self-contained Labor Area (SLA) to the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (CSBC) with a focus on remote work opportunities in rural labor markets. Through SAE modelling, we estimate the proportions of businesses, classified by general industrial sector (service providers and goods producers), that would primarily offer remote work opportunities to their workforce.Release date: 2024-04-22
- Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100001Description: Record linkage aims at identifying record pairs related to the same unit and observed in two different data sets, say A and B. Fellegi and Sunter (1969) suggest each record pair is tested whether generated from the set of matched or unmatched pairs. The decision function consists of the ratio between m(y) and u(y),probabilities of observing a comparison y of a set of k>3 key identifying variables in a record pair under the assumptions that the pair is a match or a non-match, respectively. These parameters are usually estimated by means of the EM algorithm using as data the comparisons on all the pairs of the Cartesian product ?=A×B. These observations (on the comparisons and on the pairs status as match or non-match) are assumed as generated independently of other pairs, assumption characterizing most of the literature on record linkage and implemented in software tools (e.g. RELAIS, Cibella et al. 2012). On the contrary, comparisons y and matching status in ? are deterministically dependent. As a result, estimates on m(y) and u(y) based on the EM algorithm are usually bad. This fact jeopardizes the effective application of the Fellegi-Sunter method, as well as automatic computation of quality measures and possibility to apply efficient methods for model estimation on linked data (e.g. regression functions), as in Chambers et al. (2015). We propose to explore ? by a set of samples, each one drawn so to preserve independence of comparisons among the selected record pairs. Simulations are encouraging.Release date: 2024-03-25
- Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100002Description: The authors used the Splink probabilistic linkage package developed by the UK Ministry of Justice, to link census data from England and Wales to itself to find duplicate census responses. A large gold standard of confirmed census duplicates was available meaning that the results of the Splink implementation could be quality assured. This paper describes the implementation and features of Splink, gives details of the settings and parameters that we used to tune Splink for our particular project, and gives the results that we obtained.Release date: 2024-03-25
- Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100003Description: Estimation at fine levels of aggregation is necessary to better describe society. Small area estimation model-based approaches that combine sparse survey data with rich data from auxiliary sources have been proven useful to improve the reliability of estimates for small domains. Considered here is a scenario where small area model-based estimates, produced at a given aggregation level, needed to be disaggregated to better describe the social structure at finer levels. For this scenario, an allocation method was developed to implement the disaggregation, overcoming challenges associated with data availability and model development at such fine levels. The method is applied to adult literacy and numeracy estimation at the county-by-group-level, using data from the U.S. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. In this application the groups are defined in terms of age or education, but the method could be applied to estimation of other equity-deserving groups.Release date: 2024-03-25
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Journals and periodicals (25)
Journals and periodicals (25) (0 to 10 of 25 results)
- Journals and periodicals: 11-522-XDescription: Since 1984, an annual international symposium on methodological issues has been sponsored by Statistics Canada. Proceedings have been available since 1987.Release date: 2024-06-28
- Journals and periodicals: 12-001-XGeography: CanadaDescription: The journal publishes articles dealing with various aspects of statistical development relevant to a statistical agency, such as design issues in the context of practical constraints, use of different data sources and collection techniques, total survey error, survey evaluation, research in survey methodology, time series analysis, seasonal adjustment, demographic studies, data integration, estimation and data analysis methods, and general survey systems development. The emphasis is placed on the development and evaluation of specific methodologies as applied to data collection or the data themselves.Release date: 2024-06-25
- Journals and periodicals: 75F0002MDescription: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.Release date: 2024-04-26
- Journals and periodicals: 11-633-XDescription: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.Release date: 2024-01-22
- Journals and periodicals: 12-206-XDescription: This report summarizes the annual achievements of the Methodology Research and Development Program (MRDP) sponsored by the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch at Statistics Canada. This program covers research and development activities in statistical methods with potentially broad application in the agency’s statistical programs; these activities would otherwise be less likely to be carried out during the provision of regular methodology services to those programs. The MRDP also includes activities that provide support in the application of past successful developments in order to promote the use of the results of research and development work. Selected prospective research activities are also presented.Release date: 2023-10-11
- Journals and periodicals: 92F0138MDescription:
The Geography working paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics covering conceptual, methodological or technical work to support the development and dissemination of the division's data, products and services. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the Geography Division with comments and suggestions.
Release date: 2019-11-13 - Journals and periodicals: 89-20-0001Description:
Historical works allow readers to peer into the past, not only to satisfy our curiosity about “the way things were,” but also to see how far we’ve come, and to learn from the past. For Statistics Canada, such works are also opportunities to commemorate the agency’s contributions to Canada and its people, and serve as a reminder that an institution such as this continues to evolve each and every day.
On the occasion of Statistics Canada’s 100th anniversary in 2018, Standing on the shoulders of giants: History of Statistics Canada: 1970 to 2008, builds on the work of two significant publications on the history of the agency, picking up the story in 1970 and carrying it through the next 36 years, until 2008. To that end, when enough time has passed to allow for sufficient objectivity, it will again be time to document the agency’s next chapter as it continues to tell Canada’s story in numbers.
Release date: 2018-12-03 - Journals and periodicals: 12-605-XDescription:
The Record Linkage Project Process Model (RLPPM) was developed by Statistics Canada to identify the processes and activities involved in record linkage. The RLPPM applies to linkage projects conducted at the individual and enterprise level using diverse data sources to create new data sources to meet analytical and operational needs.
Release date: 2017-06-05 - 9. Demosim: An Overview of Methods and Data Sources ArchivedJournals and periodicals: 91-621-XDescription:
This document briefly describes Demosim, the microsimulation population projection model, how it works as well as its methods and data sources. It is a methodological complement to the analytical products produced using Demosim.
Release date: 2017-01-25 - Journals and periodicals: 11-634-XDescription:
This publication is a catalogue of strategies and mechanisms that a statistical organization should consider adopting, according to its particular context. This compendium is based on lessons learned and best practices of leadership and management of statistical agencies within the scope of Statistics Canada’s International Statistical Fellowship Program (ISFP). It contains four broad sections including, characteristics of an effective national statistical system; core management practices; improving, modernizing and finding efficiencies; and, strategies to better inform and engage key stakeholders.
Release date: 2016-07-06
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