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All (2,478) (20 to 30 of 2,478 results)

  • 21. Sampling for business surveys at Statistics Canada
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200013
    Description: This article examines the methodological complexities associated with the design of business surveys, with particular emphasis on sampling strategies implemented by National Statistical Offices (NSOs). It addresses the inherent challenges posed by the dynamic nature of the business population, which necessitates continual updates to the sampling frame to ensure representativeness and relevance. Critical design considerations include the determination of optimal sample sizes, stratification across key dimensions such as industry, geographic region, and enterprise size, as well as the treatment of business births and the exclusion of inactive (or “dead”) units. The article applies Bankier’s (1988) power allocation method to a two-way stratification scheme defined by industry and geography, evaluating its performance by comparing the resulting coefficients of variation with those obtained via a raking algorithm applied to the marginal coefficients. Furthermore, the approach is extended to a multivariate context to accommodate multiple estimation domains. The discussion also encompasses practical issues related to sample rotation and coordination, which are critical for maintaining data quality and minimizing respondent burden over time.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 22. Survey Methodology
    Journals and periodicals: 12-001-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: The journal publishes articles dealing with various aspects of statistical development relevant to a statistical agency, such as design issues in the context of practical constraints, use of different data sources and collection techniques, total survey error, survey evaluation, research in survey methodology, time series analysis, seasonal adjustment, demographic studies, data integration, estimation and data analysis methods, and general survey systems development. The emphasis is placed on the development and evaluation of specific methodologies as applied to data collection or the data themselves.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 23. Modelling the Impact of Immigration on Student Numbers
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2025005
    Description: This study presents an approach to model changes in the numbers of elementary, secondary and postsecondary students who are immigrants (including both permanent residents and non permanent residents) in response to changes in overall immigration levels.
    Release date: 2025-12-22
  • 24. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19
  • 25. Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-X
    Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.
    Release date: 2025-12-17
  • 26. Fighting Misinformation
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062025001
    Description: This video is designed to help you critically assess the data presented to you. No data is perfect. By understanding the strengths and limitations of the data, you can avoid being misled—and make smarter, more informed decisions.
    Release date: 2025-12-15
  • 27. Income Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 75F0002M
    Description: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.
    Release date: 2025-12-12
  • 28. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2024
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2025004
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.
    Release date: 2025-12-08
  • 29. Survey on the Official Language Minority Population: User guide, 2022 (2025 revisions)
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-657-X2025002
    Description: The Survey on the Official Language Minority Population (SOLMP) user guide contains a description of the survey, along with survey concepts and definitions and an overview of the content development. The target and survey populations, the sample design and sample size are described in the Methodology section, while the Data Collection module provides the collection period and instrument, modes of collection, collection and communications strategies and response rates.

    Updates to the guide include descriptions of the survey data processing, survey error and weighting, and guidelines for tabulations and analysis. Appendices will provide a listing of questions and variables which changed between the current and previous occasions of the survey, as well as various primers on the survey methodology.
    Release date: 2025-11-14
  • 30. Adapting to change: Online first collection initiatives to improve the Labour Force Survey response rate
    Articles and reports: 75-005-M2025001
    Description: Since 2010, engaging Canadians to participate in the LFS has become more challenging due to a variety of social and technological changes. The decline in the LFS response rate accelerated in 2020, exacerbated by public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technical paper presents preliminary results of two collection initiatives implemented using an online first strategy to improve the LFS response rates by confirming respondent contact information and expanding the availability of online response. Through these and other planned initiatives, Statistics Canada is working to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.
    Release date: 2025-10-21
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 2. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19
  • 3. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2025-03-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,036)

Analysis (2,036) (20 to 30 of 2,036 results)

  • 21. Adapting to change: Online first collection initiatives to improve the Labour Force Survey response rate
    Articles and reports: 75-005-M2025001
    Description: Since 2010, engaging Canadians to participate in the LFS has become more challenging due to a variety of social and technological changes. The decline in the LFS response rate accelerated in 2020, exacerbated by public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technical paper presents preliminary results of two collection initiatives implemented using an online first strategy to improve the LFS response rates by confirming respondent contact information and expanding the availability of online response. Through these and other planned initiatives, Statistics Canada is working to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.
    Release date: 2025-10-21
  • 22. Mapping location and co-location of industries at the neighborhood level: A spatial kernel density approach
    Articles and reports: 18-001-X2025001
    Description: This paper brings the analysis of business cluster to a more granular geographic scale by developing a methodology for identifying business clusters at the neighborhood level. The proposed method identifies clusters of businesses at the DB level, which is one of the most granular spatial units of analysis defined by Statistics Canada. The method is developed with an application to four census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of different sizes and for different industry cluster specifications, including simple 2-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) groups as well as industry clusters resulting from groupings of NAICS codes, as defined by Delgado et al. (2014).
    Release date: 2025-10-10
  • 23. Statistical Methodology Research and Development Program Achievements
    Journals and periodicals: 12-206-X
    Description: This report summarizes the annual achievements of the Methodology Research and Development Program (MRDP) sponsored by the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch at Statistics Canada. This program covers research and development activities in statistical methods with potentially broad application in the agency’s statistical programs; these activities would otherwise be less likely to be carried out during the provision of regular methodology services to those programs. The MRDP also includes activities that provide support in the application of past successful developments in order to promote the use of the results of research and development work. Selected prospective research activities are also presented.
    Release date: 2025-10-10
  • 24. Practical Applications of Synthetic Data Generation Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100001
    Description: Synthetic data generation (SDG) is increasingly applied across sectors for privacy-preserving data sharing, de-biasing and augmentation. Each use case requires a distinct set of evaluation metrics that must account for the stochasticity of the SDG process: membership and attribute disclosure vulnerability are critical for privacy; fidelity and downstream task utility apply more broadly; and fairness and diversity are relevant for de-biasing and augmentation, respectively. Presenting accumulated evidence and through exemplar case studies, it is shown that SDG can perform well across many of these use cases and our key learnings from our experiences with synthetic health data are shared.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 25. Low Response Rate from Merchants? Sample and Ask Consumers! An Application of Indirect Sampling Under a Consumer-Merchant Bipartite Network Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100002
    Description: Under the consumer-merchant bipartite network, we apply the indirect sampling approach to estimate merchant payment acceptance through a consumer payment diary. The records of in-person transactions in the consumer diary provide both the merchant sample via consumer-merchant linkages, and the merchant acceptance via consumers' responses on methods of payments used and accepted. Among merchants receiving multiple transactions during the period of the diary, we show that the derived payment acceptance from the consumer reporting is high quality in terms of very few conflicts between usage and perception, and within perceptions. Therefore, consumers are leveraged to be both sampling and reporting units in our indirect sampling application to eliminate merchant response burden. Furthermore, the necessity to proceed to weight adjustment to account for the non-recorded-merchant bias due to the relatively shorter duration of the diary (i.e., 3 days) is shown. Finally, these indirect sampling estimates are compared to the ones from a direct sampling survey, and it is found that the results are aligning well.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 26. In-Person Survey Data Collectors: Looking to the Future Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100003
    Description: In-person data collection is critical for the success of many large government-sponsored surveys. Despite response rate declines and increasing costs, the mode remains the gold standard for meeting the most rigorous survey requirements for federal survey programs, particularly as part of a multimode data collection strategy (Schober, 2018). However, over the last ten years critical labor market and workforce changes, exacerbated by the pandemic, have made in-person data collection efforts prohibitive for all but the largest survey organizations. Shifting ideas about job flexibility and job satisfaction alongside the increasingly technical role and demanding nature of the job have impacted recruitment and retention for survey organizations across the U.S. and Europe (Charman et al., 2024). The trends in U.S. field data collector employment are summarized and it is outlined that there are promising practices in recruiting and retaining high quality field data collectors. Additionally, broader ways to structure the field data collector labor force for continued success are considered, including supplementing field data collection with multimode alternatives such as video interviewing and updating value propositions for respondents.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 27. Improving the Automated Capture of Survey of Household Spending Receipts using advanced Machine Learning Techniques Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100004
    Description: The Survey of Household Spending (SHS) conducted by Statistics Canada collects paper diaries and shopping receipts as a source of household expenditure data. An auto-capturing algorithm was created for SHS 2023 to reduce statistical clerks' manual work of extracting important information from scanned receipts of common store brands. The algorithm used Tesseract optical character recognition (OCR) to extract text characters from images of receipts, and it identified store and product entities using regular expressions, also known as regex. The goal of this study was to enhance the current auto-capture algorithm by experimenting with more advanced OCR and machine learning methods. As a result, PaddleOCR, an open-source OCR toolkit, was selected as the new default OCR engine due to its overall performance in recognizing texts, especially digits, accurately across receipts of various qualities. Additionally, entity classifiers based on support vector machines were trained on historical SHS records and existing regex patterns. By using classifiers to categorize different elements present on receipts instead of relying solely on regex patterns, product and store recognition improved. It is expected that this new algorithm will be used for SHS 2025 to improve the auto-capture quality and reduce the manual burden associated with capturing receipt variables.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 28. Automated Document Analysis for Physical Flow Account of Plastic Material Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100005
    Description: The Physical Flow Account for Plastic Material (PFAPM) aims to enhance environmental-economic analysis by tracking plastic material flows within the Canadian economy. To help streamline this complex process, the project leveraged advanced natural language processing (NLP) such as large language models (LLM) techniques to automate sector classification and summarize the impact of COVID-19 from company reports. By integrating machine learning models and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods, the manual workload was significantly reduced, improving data analysis efficiency, and leading to higher quality insights.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 29. Reverse-Engineering a Hypothetical Raking Process for the Estimation of Mean Squared Error of Raked Small Area Estimates Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100006
    Description: Small area estimation is frequently used to produce estimates at a disaggregated level where direct survey estimation does not have sufficient sample to produce precise estimates. Often this is done using the area-level Fay-Herriot model, by assuming the direct estimates are independent under the design and have a known variance, and applying a smoothing process to the variance estimates of the direct estimates to better meet that last assumption. It is not rare that small area estimates are benchmarked/raked to aggregated level direct estimates. This article shows that wrongly assuming independence can have a big impact on the MSE of the raked estimates. Values of the covariances between direct estimates are thus required for good point and MSE estimates. Getting good estimates of those covariances is difficult given the small sample sizes in some areas. An original way of deriving values for those covariances, by reverse-engineering a hypothetical raking process, is presented.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
  • 30. Correcting Selection Bias in a Non-probability Two-phase Payment Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100007
    Description: This paper employs the Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) estimator to the non-probability two-phase sampling when relevant auxiliary information is available from both probability survey sample and non-probability survey sample. To accommodate various weight adjustments and estimates variance beyond totals and means such as medians and quantiles, a simplified pseudo-population bootstrap procedure is proposed to approximately estimate the second-phase variance. Specifically, the simplification ignores the second phase sampling variability (i.e., treated as fixed, while in fact it is random), if the first-phase sampling fraction of the non-probability sample is negligible. Using the Bank of Canada 2020 Cash Alternative Survey Wave 2, the performance of the proposed method is compared to alternative methods, which either do not explicitly model the selection probability (i.e., raking) or ignore the valuable information from Phase 1 (i.e., Phase-2-Only). The results show that the PML-based approach performs better than raking and Phase-2-Only estimates in terms of reducing the selection bias for both phases' payment-related variables, especially for the low-response youth group. Estimated variances of the PML-based estimates are stable.

    Release date: 2025-09-08
Reference (380)

Reference (380) (340 to 350 of 380 results)

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