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All (2,478) (0 to 10 of 2,478 results)

  • 1. Statistical Methods Reference Documents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-0001
    Description: Documents in this series provide insight into the statistical methods used by Statistics Canada to produce official statistics. They include introductory material, in-depth descriptions of techniques and methods, best practices, and guidelines. All documents have undergone review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted methodological standards and practices.
    Release date: 2026-05-11
  • 2. Seasonal adjustment: Concepts and interpretation, 2026
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 19-20-00012026001
    Description: This reference document provides nontechnical answers on selected topics related to the use and interpretation of seasonally adjusted data. It is designed to complement more technical discussions of seasonal adjustment found in Statistics Canada publications and reference manuals.
    Release date: 2026-05-11
  • 3. Latest Developments in the Canadian Economic Accounts
    Notices and consultations: 13-605-X
    Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.
    Release date: 2026-05-04
  • 4. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2026-04-24
  • 5. A Framework for Projecting Housing Use Associated with Immigrants and Non-Permanent Residents
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026002
    Description: Recent changes in Canada’s immigration levels have heightened interest in understanding how immigration affects housing demand. This article develops a methodological framework for projecting housing use associated with permanent residents (PRs) and non-permanent residents (NPRs) under alternative immigration scenarios. The framework applies observed per capita housing use rates from the Census of Population to estimate incremental housing use by tenure over time.
    Release date: 2026-04-24
  • 6. When and How to Use Area-Level Measures for Health Analysis: A Review and Recommendation Report
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026001
    Description: This report defines key concepts related to area-level analysis and introduces area-level measures developed and utilized at Statistics Canada for health analysis. It also provides a decision-making framework and practical recommendations to help researchers select appropriate methods. The goal is to guide readers on when area-level analysis is appropriate and what type of area-level measure is suitable to achieve research objectives.
    Release date: 2026-03-05
  • 7. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 8. Distributions of Household Economic Accounts, estimates of asset, liability and net worth distributions, 2010 to 2025, technical methodology and quality report
    Articles and reports: 13-604-M2026001
    Description: This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in January 2026 for the reference years 2010 to 2025. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National Balance Sheet Accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.
    Release date: 2026-01-29
  • 9. Effects of model misspecification on small area estimators
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200001
    Description: Nested error regression models are commonly used to incorporate unit specific auxiliary variables to improve small area estimates. When the mean structure of the model is misspecified, the design-based mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUP) generally increases. The Observed Best Prediction (OBP) method has been proposed with the intent to improve on the design-based MSPE over EBLUP. In this paper, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation experiments to understand the effect of misspsecification of mean structures on different small area estimators. Our findings suggest that the OBP using unit-level auxiliary variables does not outperform the EBLUP in terms of design-based MSPE, unless the number of small areas m is extremely large. Conversely, the performance of OBP significantly improves when area-level auxiliary variables are employed. This paper includes both analytical and numerical evidence to demonstrate these observations, providing practical insights for addressing model misspecification in small area estimation (SAE).
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 10. Who’s asking? Interviewer effects on unit nonresponse in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200002
    Description: This study examines interviewer effects on household nonresponse in three waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) in Austria using a multilevel model. Addressing nonresponse at its source is crucial for maintaining survey data quality and representativeness. Our findings indicate that the variation in response behavior explained by interviewer effects decreased from about one-third in the first wave to 7% in the third wave. Effective interviewers tend to have a university degree, be married, homeowners, and have a larger workload. Additionally, higher mean wages in the household’s municipality negatively affect survey participation. These insights suggest targeted interviewer selection and training strategies to improve response rates.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 2. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2025-12-19
  • 3. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2025-03-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,036)

Analysis (2,036) (2,010 to 2,020 of 2,036 results)

  • 2,011. Double frame Ontario Pilot Hog Surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600200007
    Description: Three Ontario pilot hog surveys were conducted in 1975 to test a sampling method based on the simultaneous use of two list frames. This paper describes the different aspects of the experience. Particular emphasis is given to the double frame methodology such as discussed by Hartley [11]. Optimal allocation of the sample between frames is considered, with revision for each following survey based on all the accumulated results.
    Release date: 1976-12-13
  • 2,012. Methodology and analysis of the Pilot Auto Exit Survey, 1974 Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100001
    Description: The 1974 Pilot Auto Exit Survey tested three variants of a handout, mailback questionnaire for U.S. visitors leaving Canada, in a search for a reliable low-cost method of data collection. The sample design was based on a personal interview survey done in Ontario in 1973/74. This design, results of the Pilot, comparison with the Ontario results and some conclusions are presented in this paper.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,013. Typical survey data: Estimation and imputation Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100002
    Description: A special class of missing data problems is discussed, namely that of typical survey data whereby zeros dominate the multivariate response space. Here, techniques which impute means (whether conditional or unconditional) distort rather than improve the quality of the data. A probabilistic model is described which provides reasonable estimates, but also upholds the integrity of the data base. Results are given from a comparative study of the proposed methodology with other estimation/imputation models.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,014. Raking ratio estimators Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100003
    Description: This paper presents large sample results for the bias and variance of raking-ratio estimators for up to four iterations. Estimators of the bias and variance are also presented. An expression for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood estimators of the cell proportions in a two-way table with known marginals is also given.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,015. Methodology of the Labour Force Survey re-interview program Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100004
    Description: With the recent review of the Labour Force Survey, several periphexal projects have been redesigned. This is the case with the LFS re-interview program which will for the coming years be oriented toward the measurement of response errors. This paper describes the new design of the program and discusses how data will be analysed to achieve the objectives.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,016. The multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem with application to the Labour Force Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100005
    Description: This paper presents the Behrens-Fisher problem and gives an overview of the major solutions brought forward to this date. The aim of the paper is to use the most appropriate approach to the problem for testing sets of six month Labour Force Survey data against those of a pilot study. This is done since in many cases (such as Methods Test Panel studies) studies are conducted for six consecutive months and comparisons are required on the basis of those sets of six month data. Empirical results are also given by testing Methods Test Panel Phase III data against corresponding Labour Force Survey data.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,017. Analysis of design effects and variance components in multi-stage sample surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197600100006
    Description: Multi-stage statistical surveys as a means of obtaining socioeconomic characteristics for the population have been in use for many years. Each survey requires an extensive and precise sample design which is governed by the cost structure for obtaining the data and the variance of the characteristic data between units at various stages of sampling. The authors analyzed variance components derived from one month's data of the Canadian Labour Force Survey and examined the variance that would have resulted under different allocation strategies in Table 6 and for different average sizes of units in Table 7. The percentage components of variance, the design effects by stage of sampling and population variances between units of the various stages, as well as measures of homogeneity for households within stages, are derived and shown in Tables 2 to 5.

    The analysis was carried out for the Canadian Labour Force Survey, but the methodology of component of variance estimation (Gray [4]) and the methods used to analyze the results of a particular survey are readily applied to any multi-stage statistical sample survey, where Horvitz-Thompsen estimators and ratio estimation are applied.
    Release date: 1976-06-14
  • 2,018. Estimation of process average in attribute sampling plans Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197500254826
    Description: Exact formulae for bias and mean square error of an estimator of process average in single sampling with rectification for finite lots are obtained. Efficiency of the estimator as compared to an unbiased estimator based on the first sample is obtained for a number of values of lot size, sample size, acceptance number and process average used in sampling plans in quality control of data processing.
    Release date: 1975-12-15
  • 2,019. Method Test Panel Phase II ‒ Data analysis Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197500254827
    Description: In the Methods Test Panel Phase II it was required to do analysis of variance on proportions. Since such analysis gives only approximate results, two models were used in order to be able to draw safe conclusions. Analysis of variance was performed with the proportions as variable and also with the arc sine of the square root of the proportions. The two models are outlined in the present paper and empirical comparisons are made using the MTP Phase II data.
    Release date: 1975-12-15
  • 2,020. The methodology of the Canadian Travel Survey, 1971 Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X197500254828
    Description: The Canadian Travel Survey, 1971 was the largest survey on travel of Canadian residents. This paper describes some important aspects of the methodology. Particular emphasis is given to the development of definitions in relation to the methodology, the sampling technique and interview strategy.
    Release date: 1975-12-15
Reference (380)

Reference (380) (20 to 30 of 380 results)

  • 21. Methods for Constructing Life Tables for Canada, Provinces and Territories
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.
    Release date: 2023-08-28
  • 22. Agriculture–Population Linkage: Data quality report
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0006
    Description: This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Agriculture–Population Linkage, such as sources of error, matching process, response rates, imputation rates, sampling, weighting, disclosure control methods and data quality indicators.
    Release date: 2023-08-25
  • 23. Aggregated and derived income concepts and income statistics, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021011
    Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.
    Release date: 2023-03-29
  • 24. Low-income concepts and statistics, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021012
    Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
    Release date: 2023-03-29
  • 25. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2021
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2022009
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.

    This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

    Release date: 2022-12-05
  • 26. Guide to the Census of Agriculture
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0002
    Description: This reference guide may be useful to both new and experienced users who wish to familiarize themselves with and find specific information about the Census of Agriculture.

    It provides an overview of the Census of Agriculture communications, content determination, collection, processing, data quality evaluation and dissemination activities. It also summarizes the key changes to the census and other useful information.

    Release date: 2022-04-14
  • 27. Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) Volume II. Reference Maps
    Geographic files and documentation: 12-572-X
    Description:

    The Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) provides a systematic classification structure that categorizes all of the geographic area of Canada. The SGC is the official classification used in the Census of Population and other Statistics Canada surveys.

    The classification is organized in two volumes: Volume I, The Classification and Volume II, Reference Maps.

    Volume II contains reference maps showing boundaries, names, codes and locations of the geographic areas in the classification. The reference maps show census subdivisions, census divisions, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, census metropolitan influenced zones and economic regions. Definitions for these terms are found in Volume I, The Classification. Volume I describes the classification and related standard geographic areas and place names.

    The maps in Volume II can be downloaded in PDF format from our website.

    Release date: 2022-02-09
  • 28. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2020
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021008
    Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
    Release date: 2021-12-06
  • 29. Statistics: Power from Data!
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-004-X
    Description:

    Statistics: Power from Data! is a web resource that was created in 2001 to assist secondary students and teachers of Mathematics and Information Studies in getting the most from statistics. Over the past 20 years, this product has become one of Statistics Canada most popular references for students, teachers, and many other members of the general population. This product was last updated in 2021.

    Release date: 2021-09-02
  • 30. Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development, 2021 to 2023 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021005
    Description:

    The Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch (ASMB) is the research arm of Statistics Canada mandated to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a broad range of data sources and modelling techniques to address the information needs of a broad range of government, academic and public sector partners and stakeholders through analysis and research, modeling and predictive analytics, and data development. The branch strives to deliver relevant, high-quality, timely, comprehensive, horizontal and integrated research and to enable the use of its research through capacity building and strategic dissemination to meet the user needs of policy makers, academics and the general public.

    This Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development outlines the priorities for the branch over the next two years.

    Release date: 2021-08-12

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