Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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Inequality in weekly earnings increased in the eighties in Canada. The growth in inequality occurred in conjunction with three facts. First, real hourly wages of young workers dropped more than 10%. Second, the percentage of employees working 35-40 hours per week in their main job fell and the fraction of employees working 50 hours or more per week rose. Third, there was a growing tendency for highly paid workers to work long workweeks. We argue that any set of explanations of the increase in weekly earnings inequality must reconcile these three facts. Sectoral changes in the distribution of employment by industry and union status explain roughly 30% of the rise in inequality. The reduction in real minimum wages and the decline of average firm size explain very little of the growth in age-earnings differentials. Skill-biased technological change could have increased both the dispersion of hourly wages and the dispersion of weekly hours of work and thus, is consistent a priori with the movements observed. Yet other factors may have played an equally important - if not more important - role. The growth in competitive pressures, possible shifts in the bargaining power (between firms and labour) towards firms, the greater locational mobility of firms, the increase in Canada's openness to international trade, the rise in fixed costs of labour and possibly in training costs may be major factors behind the growth in weekly earnings inequality in Canada.

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A description of the volume of paid work done in 1992 by low income families headed by a person under 65, comparing the number of weeks worked by these families with the number of weeks worked by other families.

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This study attempts to compare the earnings of men and women on an equal footing by concentrating on recent postsecondary graduates and using survey data on a number of earnings-related characteristics. The data cover three graduating classes of university and community college students: 1982, 1986 and 1990. These data indicate that the gender earnings gap among graduates has narrowed in recent years. In fact among the most recent class, we found that female university graduates are rewarded slightly better than their male counterparts after controlling for experience, job tenure, education and hours of work. A small gender gap persists among community college graduates: about three-and-a-half percent on an hourly wage basis. For all graduates, the earnings gap tended to increase with age, even after controlling for previous work experience.

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Many couples need to juggle family and employment obligations. How do the work patterns of dual-earner couples differ when they have children?

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Canada's 'Mr. Pensions' discusses retirement issues facing employers, workers, and pensioners.

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The transition from school to work can be difficult, particularly for young people who leave high school without graduating. This study looks at the labour market and income situation of 18 to 20 year-old school leavers.

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Do you ever work extra hours? If so, do you get extra pay to compensate for the added time on the job? This article describes employees aged 15 to 64 who worked paid overtime in November 1991.

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A glance at the wage trends of unionized workers over the last 13 years.

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A study on the evolution of the average annual wages of men and women since the 1920s. The impact of overall economic activity and the characteristics of wage-earners are discussed.

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The objective of this survey is to:- measure the frequency and number of job changes occurring in the Canadian labour market over one-two-and three year periods;- provide information on the characteristics of jobs held (wage rates, usual work schedules, etc.);- identify groups of people who would benefit from EIC programs;- identify participants of specific EIC programs.

Both cross-sectional (annual) files as well as longitudinal files are available as separate computer (main frame) tapes or together on a Compact Disk.

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Construction union wage rate index (CUWRI) by National Occupational Classification (NOC). Monthly data are available from January 1972. The table presents month-over-month and year-over-year percentage changes for various aggregation levels. The base period for the index is 2015=100.

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Weights for the construction union wage rates price indexes. The weights are available beginning in 2015.

Description: Canadian passenger bus and urban transit industries, employment and compensation, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), annual.

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Wages, salaries and employers' social contributions, by industry, by province and territory.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that required skills in specific areas, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Specific areas include basic digital, computer science, information technology, general data science and analytics, natural sciences and engineering, management, business, international business, skilled trades, design, coaching and mentoring skills to meet the needs of the business, and e-commerce or digital trade.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that encountered skill shortages in specific areas, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Specific areas include basic digital, computer science, information technology, general data science and analytics, natural sciences and engineering, management, business, international business, skilled trades, design, coaching and mentoring skills to meet the needs of the business, and e-commerce or digital trade.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that took measures to overcome skill shortages, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Measures include outsourcing work in Canada, offshoring of labour, targeted recruitment process, student hiring, training staff, retention strategy, acquisition of external businesses, global talent attraction, other government programs, and other measures.

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This infographic discusses changes in immigrants wages one year after admission from 1987 to 2017 and how immigrants income increases as they gain experience in Canada. There is also a discussion about the regions of settlement of immigrants.

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This infographic features the earnings and mobility of newly-certified journeypersons across Canada. It presents mobility rates over time as well as key results among selected Red Seal trades for earnings and mobility.

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This technical reference guide is intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The data products associated with this release are derived from integrating the longitudinal Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS) 2008 to 2018 data with other administrative data. Statistics Canada has derived a series of indicators on the earnings of newly registered journeypersons by cohort size and selected trades, for Canada, all provinces and for grouped territories.

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There is considerable global competition for international students, who are often seen as strong candidates for economic immigration to countries that are facing current and future skills and labour shortages. International students bring extensive economic and social benefits to the host country. This study compares the earnings of international students with those of domestic students during their first five years after graduation from Canadian postsecondary institutions, and investigates the role of various pre-graduation characteristics in accounting for their earnings differences. This study also examines how the trajectories of earnings gaps vary between international and domestic graduates, across levels of education and major fields of study.

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The purpose of the 2017 General Social Survey on Family is to explore the characteristics of families in Canada and to monitor changes in these characteristics over time. This infographic provides a snapshot of leave patterns of parents in Canada after the birth or adoption of a child. Three aspects of the mothers' and fathers' patterns of self-reported leave are considered: whether leave was taken, the type of leave, and its duration. The data refer to parents who were paid workers or self-employed before the birth or adoption of a child (between 2012 and 2017).

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy in extraordinary ways. Statistics Canada has developed new information sources to measure its impacts on businesses and workers. This article highlights the latest findings from new datasets on monthly business openings and closures and on businesses conditions, as well as supplementary analysis from the Labour Force Survey low-wage employees.

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This Insights article discusses the main differences by gender in early career job mobility for young workers in Canada, and the potential impact of these differences on wage growth over the first 10 years of a worker’s career. The population of interest for this study consists of employed individuals aged 25 to 34 in 2005 since individuals within this age group are more likely to be out of school and working full-time.

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Statistics Canada has undertaken a broad range of initiatives designed to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians. This research paper highlights experimental methods designed to measure the impact of the pandemic on month-by-month family income trends of Canadians long before detailed annual statistics become available. The approach integrates weekly earnings available from the Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) together with information specific to government transfers including special COVID-19 benefits collected through administrative data sources and imputation. The objective is to shed light on the impact of labour market disruptions on Canadians and their families and the extent to which emergency benefits introduced by the government offset these disruptions. This paper describes the data sources used, estimation strategies employed, initial results, limitations, and potential future developments.

Description: Efforts to make a transition to a low carbon economy have raised concerns that workers displaced from traditional energy-producing sectors might experience substantial earnings declines after job loss.

Using data from a rich administrative dataset, this study documents the employment and earnings trajectories of coal miners who were displaced during the late 1990s and the 2000s.

Description: Efforts to make a transition to a low carbon economy have raised concerns that workers displaced from traditional energy-producing sectors might experience substantial earnings declines after job loss. Using data from a rich administrative dataset, this infographic documents the employment and earnings trajectories of oil and gas workers who were displaced from 1995 to 2016.

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The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.

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The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.

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The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.

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This guide focuses on the following variables: After-tax income, Total income and its components, Income status as well as other related variables from the Income and earnings release.

Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

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The estimation of intergenerational earnings mobility is rife with measurement problems since the research does not observe permanent, lifetime earnings. Nearly all studies make corrections for mean variation in earnings because of the age differences among respondents. Recent works employ average earnings or instrumental variable methods to address the effects of measurement error as a result of transitory earnings shocks and mis-reporting. However, empirical studies of intergenerational mobility have paid no attention to the changes in earnings variance across the life cycle suggested by economic models of human capital investment.

Using information from the Intergenerational Income Data from Canada and the National Longitudinal Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics from the United States, this study finds a strong association between age at observation and estimated earnings persistence. Part of this age-dependence is related to a general increase in transitory earnings variance during the collection of data. An independent effect of life cycle investment is also identified. These findings are then applied to the variation among intergenerational earnings persistence studies. Among studies with similar methodologies, one-third of the variance in published estimates of earnings persistence is attributable to cross-study differences in the age of responding fathers. Finally, these results call into question tests for the importance of credit constraints based on measures of earnings at different points in the life cycle.

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Direct measures of skill attainment such as the International Adult Literacy Survey are used to assess the importance of educational outcome skills such as literacy in determining labour market outcomes such as earnings. Policy makers also use them to direct resources most efficiently. However, these skill measures are the product of complex statistical procedures. This paper examines the mathematical robustness of the International Adult Literacy Survey measures against other possibilities in estimating the impact of literacy on individual earnings.

Description: The objective of this program is to provide data on employment (number of employees, wages and salaries) in the public sector, i.e. the federal, provincial, territorial and local general governments, health and social service institutions, universities, colleges, vocational and trade institutions, school boards, and government business enterprises.

Description: The survey is designed to provide annual estimates of retail sales, inventories, purchases, employees earnings and location data. This is a survey of Canadian retail business firms with sales and receipts over certain thresholds. The sales data are provided by kind of business and by province and territory.

Description: The Labour Cost Survey was intended to collect information on wage and non-wage benefit costs which is necessary to construct a Labour Cost index.

Description: The estimates are derived in order to supply the System of National Accounts (SNA) with the compensation of employees component of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).