Earnings by age or sex

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  • 51. Has Higher Education Among Young Women Substantially Reduced the Gender Gap in Employment and Earnings? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007301
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Young women have gained considerable ground on young men in terms of educational attainment in the 1990s. The objective of this study is to assess the role of rapidly rising educational attainment among young women in raising their relative position in the labour market. The findings suggest that the educational trends have not contributed towards a decline in the full-time employment gap. Nevertheless, they have contributed towards a decline in the gender earnings gap, especially in the 1990s. However, university-educated women have lost ground to university-educated men. This is likely due to the fact that men and women continued to choose traditional disciplines during the 1990s, but only male-dominated disciplines saw improvements in average earnings.

    Release date: 2007-06-12
  • 52. The Evolution of the Gender Earnings Gap Amongst Canadian University Graduates Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004235
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap among recent Canadian bachelor-level university graduates. Hours of work are the single most important influence on the gap; past work experience, job characteristics, family status, province of residence, and language have smaller and more mixed effects.

    Release date: 2004-11-30
  • 53. Presence of Employment Income (5), Age Groups (5A) and Sex (3) for Total Population 15 Years and Over, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (2003 Representation Order), 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 95F0430X2001009
    Description:

    This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and federal electoral districts (2003 Representation Order).This table is part of the topic 'Earnings of Canadians,' which presents 2001 Census data on the employment earnings (wages and salaries, net farm self-employment income and net income from non-farm unincorporated businesses and professional practices) of Canadians in 2000. The data also include earnings by sex, age and geographic area, as well as for certain population groups (such as immigrants). This topic also features educational attainment and employment earnings for different population groups. It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. For more information, refer to Catalogue no. 97F0023XCB.

    Release date: 2004-04-08
  • 54. Presence of Employment Income (5), Age Groups (5A) and Sex (3) for Total Population 15 Years and Over, for Census Metropolitan Areas, Tracted Census Agglomerations and Census Tracts, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 95F0430X2001002
    Description:

    This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

    This table is part of the topic "Earnings of Canadians," which presents 2001 Census data on the employment earnings (wages and salaries, net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice and net farm self-employment income) of Canadians in 2000. The data also include earnings by sex, age and geographic area, as well as for certain population groups (such as immigrants). This topic also features educational attainment and employment earnings for different population groups.

    It is possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. For more information, refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB.

    Release date: 2003-03-11
  • 55. Presence of Employment Income (5), Age Groups (5A) and Sex (3) for Total Population 15 Years and Over, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Federal Electoral Districts (1996 Representation Order), 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 95F0430X2001003
    Description:

    This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories and federal electoral districts (by 1996 representation order).

    This table is part of the topic "Earnings of Canadians," which presents 2001 Census data on the employment earnings (wages and salaries, net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice and net farm self-employment income) of Canadians in 2000. The data also include earnings by sex, age and geographic area, as well as for certain population groups (such as immigrants). This topic also features educational attainment and employment earnings for different population groups.

    It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. For more information, refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB.

    Release date: 2003-03-11
  • 56. Presence of Employment Income (5), Age Groups (5A) and Sex (3) for Total Population 15 Years and Over, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data Archived
    Table: 95F0430X2001006
    Description:

    This table shows 2001 Census data for the following levels of geography: Canada, provinces, territories, census divisions and census subdivisions.

    This table is part of the topic "Earnings of Canadians," which presents 2001 Census data on the employment earnings (wages and salaries, net income from non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice and net farm self-employment income) of Canadians in 2000. The data also include earnings by sex, age and geographic area, as well as for certain population groups (such as immigrants). This topic also features educational attainment and employment earnings for different population groups.

    It is also possible to subscribe to all the day-of-release bundles. For more information, refer to Catalogue No. 97F0023XCB.

    Release date: 2003-03-11
  • 57. The "Who, What, When and Where" of Gender Pay Differentials Archived
    Articles and reports: 71-584-M2002004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper addresses pay differentials between the sexes in terms of the characteristics of the individual worker, the tasks of the worker, the employment contract between the worker and the workplace, and the contribution of specific workplace characteristics to these pay differentials.

    Release date: 2002-07-30
  • 58. Wives, Mothers and Wages: Does Timing Matter? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002186
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Current trends in marriage and fertility patterns suggest that young Canadian women are delaying family formation and concentrating on developing their careers. Using data from the 1998 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study provides Canadian evidence on the effect of marital status and parenthood status on the wage rates of Canadian women. As well, this paper attempts to determine whether decisions regarding the timing of family formation influence the wages of women and whether these decisions have a permanent or temporary impact on earnings. The main results of the paper are as follows.

    After controlling for differences in work history, labour force qualifications and selected job characteristics, the cross sectional analysis suggests that there is no association between marital status and wages while the evidence on the relationship between wages and motherhood is mixed.

    When controls for years with children were included, there is a positive association of motherhood with wages that persists in the early years of motherhood but declines as the number of years with children lengthens. These results support the specialization, selection, differential treatment by employers and the work effort explanations for differences in the wages of mothers relative to other women. There is no such finding for married women and the duration of marriage.

    It is a well-documented fact that the acquisition of job-related skills and significant wage growth is concentrated at the start of workers' careers - which generally coincides with decisions regarding marriage and children. If this is the case, then the timing of marriage and children may be considered proxies for omitted, unobserved characteristics, related to human capital skills, differentiated work history or labour force attachment. Conforming to theoretical expectations when the timing of children is taken into account, women that postpone having children earn at least 6.0% more than women who have children early. There is no significant association between the timing of marriage and wages.

    The observed relationship between women's wages and their decision to delay having children tends to persist after the birth of their first child but tends to decline over time. Thus, augmented family responsibilities will tend to reduce any initial wage differentials based on delays of assuming these responsibilities.

    Release date: 2002-05-01
  • 59. The male-female wage gap Archived
    Articles and reports: 75-001-X20010126036
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The issue of male-female wage inequality is complex, and requires analysis from a number of different perspectives. This article demonstrates the importance of measurement, decomposition techniques and differences in the gap along the wage scale.

    Release date: 2001-12-17
  • 60. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001157
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to investigate the extent to which factors not previously explored in the Canadian context account for wage differences between men and women. Like other studies using standard decomposition techniques and controlling for a variety of productivity-related characteristics, the results demonstrate that men still enjoy a wage advantage over women: women's average hourly wage rate is about 84% - 89% of the men's average. Unlike other studies, controls for work experience and job-related responsibilities are used. Gender differences in full-year, full-time work experience explain at most, 12% of the gender wage gap. Gender differences in the opportunity to supervise and to perform certain tasks account for about 5% of the gender wage gap. Yet despite the long list of productivity related factors, a substantial portion of the gender wage gap cannot be explained.

    Many studies rely on measures such as age or potential experience (= age minus number of years of schooling minus six) as a proxy for actual labour market. Neither of these measures account for complete withdrawals from the labour market nor for restrictions on the number of hours worked per week or on the number of weeks worked per year due to family-related responsibilities. The results show that proxies for experience yield larger adjusted gender wage gaps than when actual experience is used.

    Release date: 2001-01-30
Data (23)

Data (23) (10 to 20 of 23 results)

Analysis (54)

Analysis (54) (0 to 10 of 54 results)

  • 1. The farm operator gender pay gap is narrowing
    Articles and reports: 96-325-X202100100018
    Description: The gender pay gap is a longstanding issue that exists in various industries across Canada, including the agricultural sector. This article provides analysis on the gender pay gap among Canada’s farm operators over time and explores the gender pay gap in 2020 by geography, farm type, revenue class, level of education, field of study, racialized group and population centre.
    Release date: 2023-12-08
  • 2. Intersectional Gender Wage Gap in Canada 2007 to 2022
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202326437084
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2023-09-21
  • 3. Intersectional Perspective on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap
    Articles and reports: 45-20-00022023002
    Description: Using the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 2007 to 2022, this article examines how aggregate statistics of the gender wage gap (GWG) from 2007 to 2022 mask the distinct experiences of diverse population groups, namely Indigenous and immigrant population compared to wage gap among Canadian-born men and women, and how various factors that underlie the observed GWGs will determine whether each population group faces unique challenges or whether they share common challenges.
    Release date: 2023-09-21
  • 4. Intersectional perspective on the gender wage gap in Canada, 2007 to 2022
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023049
    Description: This infographic looks at how women from diverse groups experience the gender wage gap differently and how it has changed from 2007 to 2022. It uses data from the Labour Force Survey for paid workers aged 20 to 54, to examine the distinct experiences of diverse groups of women Including Indigenous women, immigrant women and non-Indigenous women born in Canada.
    Release date: 2023-09-21
  • 5. Immigrant women among board directors and officers: From admission in Canada to executive roles
    Articles and reports: 11-621-M2022017
    Description:

    This study provides the first socioeconomic profile of immigrant women board directors and officers in Canada from an intersectional lens. Linking data from the Corporations Returns Act with those from the Longitudinal Immigration database, exploratory estimates are presented. The study analyzes characteristics of immigrants at admission and disparities in family, work and income characteristics, mainly by gender and immigrant status. Further, it informs on the types of businesses in which diverse women executives contribute to corporate governance and strategic decision making.

    Release date: 2022-12-08
  • 6. Gender-related differences in the career advancement of women in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100900002
    Description:

    In Canada, the gender wage gap continues to persist and nearly two-thirds of the gap was still unexplained by standard factors such as level of education, job attributes, proportions of women and men in higher-paying occupations or industries, and demographics. This points to a continued need for analysis in this area in order to better understand gender-based wage disparity, including gender-related biases in career advancement. Using new content developed in the 2016 General Social Survey (GSS Cycle 30): Canadians at Work and Home, this study investigates the possible existence and magnitude of gender-related biases in career advancement that may prevent women from advancing in their careers.

    Release date: 2021-09-22
  • 7. Gender differences in early career job mobility and wage growth in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100100002
    Description:

    This Insights article discusses the main differences by gender in early career job mobility for young workers in Canada, and the potential impact of these differences on wage growth over the first 10 years of a worker’s career. The population of interest for this study consists of employed individuals aged 25 to 34 in 2005 since individuals within this age group are more likely to be out of school and working full-time.

    Release date: 2021-01-27
  • 8. Study: The role of firm-specific pay policies on the gender earnings gap in Canada Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X202032126983
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2020-11-16
  • 9. What is the Role of Firm-specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020019
    Description:

    The wages of Canadian women have caught up substantially to those of their male counterparts, particularly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. However, the convergence in earnings by gender has slowed down since 1998. Researchers have struggled to explain this phenomenon with human capital alone (e.g., education and job tenure). Using data from the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database between 2001 and 2015, this study examines the impact of firms’ hiring and pay-setting policies on the gender earnings gap in Canada.

    Release date: 2020-11-16
  • 10. Occupations of South Asian, Chinese and Black women: Prevalence and age composition
    Articles and reports: 75-004-M2020002
    Description:

    Among the employed population, women are generally younger than men. Furthermore, there are notable differences for particular occupations, which is even more pronounced for certain groups of women. This study uses data primarily from the 2016 Census of Population to examine the prevalence and age composition of three groups of women-South Asian, Chinese and Black-across occupations of various skill levels.

    Release date: 2020-10-22
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