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  • 1. Labour productivity measurement at Statistics Canada
    Articles and reports: 13-605-X202400100003
    Description: The document focuses on the evolution of Statistics Canada's labour productivity program, tracing its historical background, outlining its structure, as well as detailing the methodology and data sources used. It then discusses the diverse applications of provincial productivity data, identifies key users of productivity statistics, and highlights essential considerations for their interpretation. Finally, the document addresses the review process for quarterly and annual productivity measures and recent program improvements.
    Release date: 2024-06-05
  • 2. The post-2001 productivity growth divergence between Canada and the United States: The role of the information and cultural services industry
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200006
    Description: Canada and the United States share a deep economic relationship that contributes to most measures of their economic performances having a tight common trend over the long term. However, a notable exception is the increasing disparity in labour productivity growth between the two nations. This article summarizes recent research by Statistics Canada, focusing on the information and cultural services industry and how its competitive intensity relative to the United States has influenced the Canada-U.S. labour productivity growth gap since 2001.
    Release date: 2023-12-21
  • 3. Real production and real income growth over the COVID-19 pandemic
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300400004
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the Canadian economy in numerous ways, one of which was changing the relationship between growth in production, and changes in real consumption and real gross fixed capital formation (GFCF). Typically, real consumption and real GFCF are expected to progress similarly to real gross domestic product (GDP), however during the period covered by the COVID-19 pandemic, real consumption and real GFCF grew at a stronger pace than real GDP. This article illustrates how examining real income rather than real production can address this paradox. Specifically, the roles of changes in production (the use of capital, labour and multifactor productivity used to produce real GDP) and changes in non-production sources of real income growth (the trading gain and net income from abroad) are examined.
    Release date: 2023-05-08
  • 4. Real wages and productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202201000002
    Description:

    Rising wages and prices have characterized 2021 and 2022. Soaring unit labour costs have raised competitiveness concerns. This article examines the relationship between real wages and productivity to see whether real wage growth (growth in real total compensation per hour worked) has lagged behind labour productivity growth in recent years. It examines whether the result is sensitive to differences in the definition of real wages.

    Release date: 2022-10-27
  • 5. Research to Insights: Investment, Productivity and Living Standards
    Stats in brief: 11-631-X2022004
    Description:

    This presentation focuses on labour productivity, a measure of efficiency widely used in conjunction with data on labour costs and profitability to gauge the competitiveness of Canadian businesses.

    Release date: 2022-09-01
  • 6. The COVID-19 pandemic and gross domestic product per capita growth in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200500002
    Description:

    The COVID-19 Pandemic has been affecting Canadians’ daily lives since the second quarter of 2020. Production and employment were cut back largely at the beginning in order to slow the spread of this contagious disease, leading to a sharp decline in income and a rise in the unemployment rate. GDP per capita of a country is often used for assessing the standard of living and its cross-country comparisons. Since 2020, Canada’s per capita GDP has averaged -1.3% per year, down from its long-term annual average of 1.2% from 1981 to 2019 and from 1.0% per year from 2010 to 2019. For a better understanding of the sources of Canada’s per capita GDP growth, this article decomposes GDP per capita into labour productivity, work intensity, employment rate, participation rate, and the share of working population. The contributions of these 5 ratios to Canada’s per capita GDP growth are examined.

    Release date: 2022-05-25
  • 7. Examining the Labour-productivity Gap Between Women-owned and Men-owned Enterprises: The Influence of Prior Industry Experience
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2021007
    Description:

    An increase in the economic participation of women has been identified as a major driver of economic growth, leading to increased interest in supporting the entrepreneurial activities of women. This paper uses newly developed data on the gender of business owners to investigate differences in labour productivity between men-owned, women-owned and equally owned enterprises. This paper uses the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD).

    Release date: 2021-08-30
  • 8. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on productivity growth in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500004
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how production occurs in the economy in two ways. One is the full or partial closure of non-essential activities such as travel, hospitality, arts and entertainment, personal services, airlines, etc. The other is the widespread shift from in-office work to working from home. This Insights article depicts labour productivity growth in Canada and its sources by industry during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to examine the implications these changes may have had on the productivity performance of the economy.

    Release date: 2021-05-26
  • 9. Working from home: Productivity and preferences Archived
    Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202100100012
    Description:

    To what extent are teleworkers more or less productive now relative to when they were at their usual place of work? For those who are less productive, what are the main barriers to productivity? Once the pandemic is over, how many Canadians would prefer to work most of their hours at home or outside the home?

    Answers to these questions are crucial to inform discussions about the sustainability of telework in a post COVID-19 context.

    To shed light on these questions, this study uses the supplement to the Labour Force Survey of February 2021.

    Release date: 2021-04-01
  • 10. Immigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database
    Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020014
    Description:

    Previous studies on the impact of immigration on productivity in developed countries remain inconclusive, and most analyses are abstracted from firms where production actually takes place. This study examines the empirical relationship between immigration and firm-level productivity in Canada. It uses a data file derived from linking the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database that tracks firms over time with the Longitudinal Immigration Data file (IMDB) that includes sociodemographic characteristics at landing for immigrants who arrived in Canada after 1980.

    Release date: 2020-09-14
Data (5)

Data (5) ((5 results))

  • 1. Canadian Economic Accounts Quarterly Review Archived
    Table: 13-010-X
    Description: This publication presents an overview of the economic developments reported in Canada's national accounts for the most recent quarter, and is no longer being released. The overview covers several broad areas: 1) gross domestic product (GDP) by income and by expenditure; 2) GDP by industry; 3) balance of international payments accounts; 4) labour productivity and other related variables; 5) international investment position; and, 6) national balance sheet accounts.
    Release date: 2015-06-12
  • 2. Civil Aviation, Quarterly Operating and Financial Statistics, Canadian Air Carriers, Levels I and II Archived
    Table: 51-004-X2009006
    Description:

    This publication provides quarterly information on operational and financial variables related to the scheduled and charter operations of all Canadian-licensed air carriers classified into reporting levels I and II. Operational data (passengers, passenger-kilometres, goods carried, goods tonne-kilometres, etc.) and financial data (operating revenues, operating expenses, employment expenses) are presented. This publication also includes data highlights and some financial performance indicators and productivity measures.

    Release date: 2009-11-13
  • 3. Civil Aviation, Annual Operating and Financial Statistics, Canadian Air Carriers, Levels I to III Archived
    Table: 51-004-X2009003
    Description:

    This publication provides annual information on operational and financial variables related to the scheduled and charter operations of all Canadian-licensed air carriers classified into reporting levels I to III. Operational data (passengers, passenger-kilometres, goods carried, goods tonne-kilometres, etc.) and financial data (income statement-operating revenues, operating expenses, non-operating income (expenses), balance sheet-assets and liabilities, as well as financial performance indicators) are presented. Information on fuel, on employment, by category, and on wages and salaries paid, by province and territory is also provided. This publication also includes data highlights.

    Release date: 2009-07-03
  • 4. Civil Aviation, Quarterly Operating and Financial Statistics, Canadian Air Carriers, Levels I and II Archived
    Table: 51-004-X2009001
    Description:

    This publication provides quarterly information on operational and financial variables related to the scheduled and charter operations of all Canadian-licensed air carriers classified into reporting levels I and II. Operational data (passengers, passenger-kilometres, goods carried, goods tonne-kilometres, etc.) and financial data (operating revenues, operating expenses, employment expenses) are presented. This publication also includes data highlights and some financial performance indicators and productivity measures.

    Release date: 2009-03-09
  • 5. The Canadian Productivity Accounts: Data Archived
    Table: 15-003-X
    Description:

    The Canadian Productivity Accounts: Data is an electronic publication that contains a series of tables on productivity growth and related variables for the business sector and its 51 major sub-sectors based on the North American Industry Classification System. These tables allow users to have a broader perspective on Canadian economic performance. They complement the information available on CANSIM which offers more detail, particularly at the industry level.

    Canadian Productivity Accounts (CPA) are responsible for producing, analyzing and disseminating Statistics Canada's official data on productivity and for producing and integrating data on employment, hours worked and capital services consistent with the Canadian System of National Accounts. To this end, the CPA comprise three programs. The quarterly program provides current estimates on labour productivity and labour costs at the aggregate level for 15 industry groups. The annual national program provides yearly estimates on labour productivity, multifactor productivity and several indicators of sources of growth and competitiveness as they apply to the major sectors of the economy and to the industry level. Lastly, the annual provincial program, as an integral part of the Provincial Economic Accounts, provides estimates on employment, hours worked, labour productivity and labour costs at the industry level for each province and territory.

    The Canadian Productivity Accounts: Data covers four series of statistical tables:

    Table 1: Output, labour compensation, capital cost and cost of intermediate inputs in current dollars

    Table 2: Productivity and related measures

    Table 3: Productivity and related measures for the business sector, Canada and United States

    Table 4: Productivity and related measures for the manufacturing sector, Canada and United States

    Productivity measures the efficiency with which inputs (labour and capital in particular) are utilized in production. Productivity measures can be applied to a single input, such as labour productivity (output per hour worked), as well as to multifactor productivity (output per unit of combined labour and capital inputs). Statistics Canada produces these two main measures of productivity, but other productivity ratios can also be measured (e.g., output per unit of capital services).

    Release date: 2007-12-06
Analysis (117)

Analysis (117) (50 to 60 of 117 results)

  • 51. A Comparison of GDP Per Capita in Canada and the United States from 1994 to 2005 Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-624-M2007016
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines differences in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita between Canada and the United States from 1994 to 2005. The gap in GDP per capita between the two countries has narrowed slightly over this period. The study decomposed the gap into two components: one due to labour productivity and one due to labour market conditions, and shows that the relative importance of the two changed considerably after 2000. The output gap has narrowed slightly since 2000, primarily because Canada's labour market experienced a faster rate of job growth relative to its population than did the United States.

    Release date: 2007-08-31
  • 52. Long-term Productivity Growth in Canada and the United States Archived
    Articles and reports: 15-206-X2007013
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper compares long-run growth in labour productivity in Canada and the United States from 1961 to 2006. Over the entire period labour productivity in both countries grew at about the same rate. But Canadian growth exceeded that of the United States up to the early 1980s. Since then, U.S. labour productivity growth has exceeded Canadian growth. The gap has widened, particularly after 2000. The paper also decomposes labour productivity growth into three components' that arising from increases in capital intensity, from increases in the skill level of the labour force (due to changes in labour composition) and a residual (multifactor productivity growth). The first two components (both arising from investment, one in machinery and structures, the other in training) were more important in Canada. The third (the residual often referred to as technological progress) was larger in the United States.

    Release date: 2007-08-28
  • 53. The Canadian Lumber Industry: Recent Trends Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-621-M2007055
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines recent trends in the Canadian softwood lumber industry in Canada up to 2006. Trends in shipments, production, exports, productivity, innovation and financial results are analysed in the context of recent economic and commercial pressures affecting the industry.

    Release date: 2007-06-07
  • 54. Factors Driving Canada's Rural Economy Archived
    Articles and reports: 21-601-M2007083
    Description:

    This working paper outlines the results of a new study that notes that technology, prices and demography are key forces driving the economy in the nation's rural areas.

    Release date: 2007-02-13
  • 55. Provincial Labour Productivity Growth, 1997 to 2005 Archived
    Articles and reports: 15-206-X2007007
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    Productivity statistics garner much attention because they are key indicators of economic progress. This paper reports on the average growth in provincial labour productivity from 1997 to 2005. It examines how medium-term differences in productivity growth have affected the relative levels of labour productivity in different provinces. The data show that the relative position of most provinces has remained fairly stable over the 1997-to-2005 period when benchmarked against changes in the national average. The notable exception is Newfoundland and Labrador, which experienced much stronger average productivity growth during this period than other provinces. This growth substantially improved its relative labour productivity when evaluated in real terms.

    The paper also examines the effect that a second factor - changes in the prices received for products - has had on nominal productivity differences between provinces. The data show that the resource-rich provinces of Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador have benefited substantially from higher relative prices.

    Release date: 2007-01-15
  • 56. Investment and Long-term Productivity Growth in the Canadian Business Sector, 1961 to 2002 Archived
    Articles and reports: 15-206-X2007006
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper employs the databases that are used to construct Statistics Canada's Productivity Accounts to examine the sources of growth in the Canadian economy and the history of productivity growth in Canada over the period 1961 to 2002. It makes use of a new time series using the North American Industry Classification System. The growth accounting system provides the framework for the analysis. This framework provides estimates of the relative importance of labour inputs, investments in capital, and productivity growth. The data that are required to address this issue also allow changes in the composition of capital and labour inputs to be investigated. In addition, the underlying factors that determine labour productivity (multifactor productivity, capital deepening, and increases in skill level) are outlined. Since the database is constructed at the industry level, all these relationships can be pursued both at the level of the total economy and for individual industries.

    Release date: 2007-01-12
  • 57. Competition, Firm Turnover and Productivity Growth Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2006042
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper investigates the extent to which productivity growth is the result of firm turnover as output is shifted from one firm to another, driven by the competitive process. Turnover occurs as some firms gain market share and others lose it. Some of the resulting turnover is due to entry and exit. Another part arises from growth and decline in incumbent continuing firms. This paper proposes a method for measuring the impact of firm turnover on productivity growth and shows that it is far more important than many previous empirical studies have concluded. It argues that firm turnover associated with competition is the main source of aggregate labour productivity growth in Canadian manufacturing industries.

    Release date: 2006-09-25
  • 58. Canadian agriculture in 2005: A tough year in review Archived
    Articles and reports: 21-004-X20060029210
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    A brief overview of some agricultural events of 2005 with the goal to put into perpective this complex and changing Canadian agricultural industry - from farm gate consumer.

    Release date: 2006-06-05
  • 59. How Are Canadian Regions Adjusting to a Larger and More Integrated North American Market? Archived
    Articles and reports: 11F0027M2006039
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper relates to two understudied, but increasingly important concerns: the measurement of regional integration, and the regional benefits to North American economic integration. The objective is to measure Canada's regional integration in manufacturing industries with that of the United States, and examine the regional impact of growing trade integration on productivity growth and select other economic performance variables.

    Our research shows that Canada and each of its regions are becoming more integrated in trade in manufactures with the United States, but Ontario is much more integrated than the rest of Canada. While all regions have benefited through improved productivity performance, higher wages and higher output growth, Ontario has been the principal beneficiary. No evidence was found that increased trade integration in manufactures with the United States caused anything more than short-run adjustment losses in employment. Canada and each of its regions have expanded their share of North American manufacturing which stands in sharp contrast to the supposition that it would be the United States that would experience a growth in North American production share (Krugman, 1980).

    Release date: 2006-05-31
  • 60. The west coast boom Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-010-X20060059196
    Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area
    Description:

    This article looks at some of the reasons behind the recent rebound in the British Columbia economy from its doldrums in the 1990s. It also examines how the current boom in British Columbia differs from Alberta and what can be learned from Alberta's experience.

    Release date: 2006-05-11
Reference (13)

Reference (13) (0 to 10 of 13 results)

  • 1. Multifactor Productivity Measurement at Statistics Canada Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2013031
    Description:

    This paper describes the evolution of the Multifactor Productivity Program launched at Statistics Canada in 1987 and the improvements made in multifactor productivity measurement since then. The improvements were made in response to developments in the economic literature, better data sources, and the needs of the user community. The paper also summarizes research that uses alternate data and methodologies to assess the accuracy of the Multifactor Productivity Program and to provide insights into areas that traditional international multifactor productivity programs omit. Finally, the paper outlines future directions that are being contemplated to further improve the measurement of productivity at Statistics Canada.

    Release date: 2013-05-28
  • 2. Impact of the 2012 CSNA Revisions on the Quarterly Labour Productivity Accounts Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201200311728
    Description:

    This report highlights the revisions to the quarterly estimates of labour productivity and associated variables in the business sector resulting from the historical revision of the national gross domestic product by income and by expenditure accounts (NIEA) released on October 1st, 2012.

    Release date: 2012-10-12
  • 3. Infrastructure Capital: What Is It? Where Is It? How Much of It Is There? Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2008016
    Description:

    This paper focuses on the role of investments in infrastructure in Canada. The size of infrastructure investments relative to other capital stock sets this country apart from most other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. The paper reviews the approaches taken by other researchers to define infrastructure. It then outlines a taxonomy to define those assets that should be considered as infrastructure and that can be used to assess the importance of different types of capital investments. It briefly considers how to define the portion of infrastructure that should be considered 'public'. The final two parts of the paper apply the proposed classification system to data on Canada's capital stock, and ask the following questions: how much infrastructure does Canada have and in which sectors of the economy is this infrastructure located? Finally, the paper investigates how Canada's infrastructure has evolved over the last four decades, both in the commercial and non-commercial sectors, and compares these trends with the pattern that can be found in the United States.

    Release date: 2008-03-12
  • 4. Productivity: What Is It? How Is It Measured? What Has Canada's Performance Been? Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2008017
    Description:

    This paper provides an overview of the productivity program at Statistics Canada and a brief description of Canada's productivity performance. The paper defines productivity and the various measures that are used to investigate different aspects of productivity growth. It describes the difference between partial productivity measures (such as labour productivity) and a more complete measure (multifactor productivity) and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The paper explains why productivity is important. It outlines how productivity growth fits into the growth accounting framework and how this framework is used to examine the various sources of economic growth. The paper briefly discusses the challenges that face statisticians in measuring productivity growth. It also provides an overview of Canada's long-term productivity performance and compares Canada to the United States - both in terms of productivity levels and productivity growth rates.

    Release date: 2008-02-25
  • 5. Revisions to the Quarterly Labour Productivity Estimates Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2007012
    Description:

    This paper examines the various products associated with the quarterly labour productivity program. It outlines the nature of the volatility in the very short-run estimates and examines properties of the revisions made to the estimates of Canadian labour productivity and its components (gross domestic product and hours worked) since the inception of the program in 2001.

    Release date: 2007-10-18
  • 6. Update on Analytical Studies Research Archived
    Notices and consultations: 11-015-X
    Description:

    This newsletter is a brief description of projects within the Business and Labour Market Analysis Division of Statistics Canada. The research covers a wide range of topics including labour market issues, low income, immigration, business firm dynamics, pensions, productivity, technology and innovation, as well as economic geography.

    Release date: 2007-09-14
  • 7. Producing Hours Worked for the SNA in Order to Measure Productivity: The Canadian Experience Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2006004
    Description:

    This paper provides a brief description of the methodology currently used to produce the annual volume of hours worked consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA). These data are used for labour input in the annual and quarterly measures of labour productivity, as well as in the annual measures of multifactor productivity. For this purpose, hours worked are broken down by educational level and age group, so that changes in the composition of the labour force can be taken into account. They are also used to calculate hourly compensation and the unit labour cost and for simulations of the SNA Input-Output Model; as such, they are integrated as labour force inputs into most SNA satellite accounts (i.e., environment, tourism).

    Release date: 2006-10-27
  • 8. The 2001 to 2004 Revisions of the Canada-U.S. Labour Productivity in the Business Sector Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2006003
    Description:

    This paper examines the revision cycle for labour productivity estimates over the period 2001 to 2004.

    Release date: 2006-10-11
  • 9. Understanding Productivity: A Primer Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 15-206-X2006002
    Description:

    This paper provides a concise overview in plain language of the concept of productivity by explaining its relevance and usefulness. This paper is intended for users of the Canadian Productivity Accounts who wish to learn more about productivity concepts, in simple terms.

    Release date: 2006-04-21
  • 10. Annual Measure of the Volume of Work Consistent with the SNA: The Canadian Experience Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0026M2005005
    Description:

    The aim of this paper is to describe the actual methodology used to estimate annual hours worked by industry and province in Canada in view to be consistent with the System of National Accounts.

    Release date: 2005-08-30
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