Analysis

Description: Office vacancies are higher across Canadian cities than what it was prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic because of the widespread adoption of work from home (WFH) and hybrid working arrangements. A better understanding of where teleworkable jobs—jobs that can be done from home—are located informs whether WFH is potentially a viable mechanism for increasing the supply of convertible buildings in areas where housing shortages are most prevalent. This article shows the geography of teleworkable jobs in Toronto and across the Greater Toronto Area.

Description: This presentation assembles data from the Labour Force Survey and household surveys conducted during the 1980s to document the evolution of the real hourly wages of employees from 1981 to 2024.

Description: While it is challenging to estimate the number of job losses that may be associated with U.S. tariffs, it is possible to describe the quality of jobs at risk of being affected by a decline in U.S. demand for Canadian products. This article addresses this issue by examining a multitude of job quality measures in industries dependent on U.S. demand for Canadian exports.

Description: While a large body of research has identified several correlates of employee turnover, little is currently known regarding the degree to which employees who work in community care facilities for the elderly leave the nursing and residential care facilities subsector or the health care and social assistance sector in a given year. This study fills this information gap using data from the 2016 Census of Population integrated with Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File. Sample size limitations restricted the focus of the study to women, who represent the vast majority of employees who work in seniors’ homes.

Description: Previous studies of earnings differences across groups of Canadian-born individuals have used cross-sectional data, leaving unanswered the important question of what earnings differences amount to when measured over workers’ lifecycle. Using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File and the 1996 and 2001 censuses of population, this study fills this gap and quantifies differences in cumulative earnings—the sum of earnings received over a 20-year period—for four different groups of Canadian-born individuals.

Description: The increase in work-from-home triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has some implications for the Canadian economy such as its effects on revenues in the food services and drinking places. Using monthly provincial data from March 2020 to July 2022, this study quantifies the association between work-from-home and revenues in the food services and drinking places subsector.

Description: This study provides experimental estimates of the number and percentage of workers in Canada potentially susceptible to AI-related job transformation based on the complementarity-adjusted AI occupational exposure index.

Description: The Office of the Auditor General of Canada has called for an examination of the degree to which Canada’s hard-to-reach populations receive the government benefits they are entitled to. This study assesses the degree to which immigrant couples who landed in Canada with young children from 2016 to 2019 received the Canada child benefit (CCB) in the year following landing.

Description: Many seniors work past their mid-60s for various reasons. Some find it necessary to keep working because of inadequate retirement savings, mortgage payments, unforeseen expenses, or the responsibility to support children and other family members in Canada or abroad. Others choose to work to provide a sense of personal fulfillment, stay active and remain engaged. This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and examines the degree to which Canadian-born and immigrant seniors aged 65 to 74 worked by choice or necessity in 2022.

Description: The increase in work from home triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic directly decreased public transit use. While this increase in work from home likely reduced commuting and greenhouse gas emissions caused by transportation, it also put downward pressure on the revenues and ridership of urban public transit systems. This article assesses the degree to which the increase in work from home observed in Canada in recent years may have reduced the number of public transit commuters from 2016 to 2023 in urban areas.

Description: This presentation assembles data from the Labour Force Survey and household surveys conducted during the 1980s to document the evolution of the real hourly wages of employees from 1981 to 2024.

Description: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial increase in work from home in Canada. This presentation synthesizes what has been learned to date regarding this increase in work from home and documents its potential implications for productivity, employee retention, commuting, greenhouse gas emissions, and public transit use.

Description:

The Canada Emergency Response Benefit program (CERB) was introduced to provide financial support to employees and self-employed workers in Canada who were directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the proportion of 2019 workers who received CERB payments in 2020 by various characteristics. CERB take-up rates are presented by industry, earnings group in 2019, sex, age group and province, as well as for population groups designated as visible minorities, immigrants and Indigenous people. Some factors that help explain differences in take-up rates among these groups of workers are also examined.

Description:

To what extent are teleworkers more or less productive now relative to when they were at their usual place of work? For those who are less productive, what are the main barriers to productivity? Once the pandemic is over, how many Canadians would prefer to work most of their hours at home or outside the home?

Answers to these questions are crucial to inform discussions about the sustainability of telework in a post COVID-19 context.

To shed light on these questions, this study uses the supplement to the Labour Force Survey of February 2021.

Description: Efforts to make a transition to a low carbon economy have raised concerns that workers displaced from traditional energy-producing sectors might experience substantial earnings declines after job loss. Using data from a rich administrative dataset, this infographic documents the employment and earnings trajectories of oil and gas workers who were displaced from 1995 to 2016.

Description:

It is too early to know how many Canadian workers will lose their job, i.e. will be permanently laid-off, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and what will happen to them financially after job loss. Yet a number of stylized facts emerge from the past. While these facts do not necessarily allow accurate predictions of the impact of the pandemic on job displacement, they provide a long-term perspective from which forthcoming labour market developments can be assessed. The goal of this article is to highlight these facts.

Description:

The economic lockdown to stop the spread of COVID-19 has led to steep declines in employment and hours worked for many Canadians. For workers in essential services, in jobs that can be done with proper physical distancing measures or in jobs that can be done from home, the likelihood of experiencing a work interruption during the pandemic is lower than for other workers. This article assesses how the feasibility of working from home varies across Canadian families. It also considers the implications of these differences for family earnings inequality.

Description:

Physical distancing measures to stop the spread of COVID-19 have resulted in a large number of Canadians working from home, many for the first time. This sudden transition in how the economy is operating raises questions about how many jobs can reasonably be performed from home.

Description:

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to massive work interruptions in Canada and several other countries since mid-March 2020. The resulting economic lockdown has raised concerns about the ability of Canadian families to meet their financial obligations and essential needs. This article focuses on families who rely primarily on earnings—wages and salaries and self-employment income—to maintain their living standards.

Description:

In this edition of Canadian Megatrends, we look at increased participation of women in the paid workforce since the 1950s.

Description: Office vacancies are higher across Canadian cities than what it was prior to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic because of the widespread adoption of work from home (WFH) and hybrid working arrangements. A better understanding of where teleworkable jobs—jobs that can be done from home—are located informs whether WFH is potentially a viable mechanism for increasing the supply of convertible buildings in areas where housing shortages are most prevalent. This article shows the geography of teleworkable jobs in Toronto and across the Greater Toronto Area.

Description: While it is challenging to estimate the number of job losses that may be associated with U.S. tariffs, it is possible to describe the quality of jobs at risk of being affected by a decline in U.S. demand for Canadian products. This article addresses this issue by examining a multitude of job quality measures in industries dependent on U.S. demand for Canadian exports.

Description: While a large body of research has identified several correlates of employee turnover, little is currently known regarding the degree to which employees who work in community care facilities for the elderly leave the nursing and residential care facilities subsector or the health care and social assistance sector in a given year. This study fills this information gap using data from the 2016 Census of Population integrated with Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File. Sample size limitations restricted the focus of the study to women, who represent the vast majority of employees who work in seniors’ homes.

Description: Previous studies of earnings differences across groups of Canadian-born individuals have used cross-sectional data, leaving unanswered the important question of what earnings differences amount to when measured over workers’ lifecycle. Using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Worker File and the 1996 and 2001 censuses of population, this study fills this gap and quantifies differences in cumulative earnings—the sum of earnings received over a 20-year period—for four different groups of Canadian-born individuals.

Description: The increase in work-from-home triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has some implications for the Canadian economy such as its effects on revenues in the food services and drinking places. Using monthly provincial data from March 2020 to July 2022, this study quantifies the association between work-from-home and revenues in the food services and drinking places subsector.

Description: This study provides experimental estimates of the number and percentage of workers in Canada potentially susceptible to AI-related job transformation based on the complementarity-adjusted AI occupational exposure index.

Description: The Office of the Auditor General of Canada has called for an examination of the degree to which Canada’s hard-to-reach populations receive the government benefits they are entitled to. This study assesses the degree to which immigrant couples who landed in Canada with young children from 2016 to 2019 received the Canada child benefit (CCB) in the year following landing.

Description: Many seniors work past their mid-60s for various reasons. Some find it necessary to keep working because of inadequate retirement savings, mortgage payments, unforeseen expenses, or the responsibility to support children and other family members in Canada or abroad. Others choose to work to provide a sense of personal fulfillment, stay active and remain engaged. This article uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and examines the degree to which Canadian-born and immigrant seniors aged 65 to 74 worked by choice or necessity in 2022.

Description: The increase in work from home triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic directly decreased public transit use. While this increase in work from home likely reduced commuting and greenhouse gas emissions caused by transportation, it also put downward pressure on the revenues and ridership of urban public transit systems. This article assesses the degree to which the increase in work from home observed in Canada in recent years may have reduced the number of public transit commuters from 2016 to 2023 in urban areas.

Description: There is considerable policy interest in engaging hard-to-reach populations in Canada and integrating them into the tax system so they can receive the benefits intended to support them. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this study provides insights into the tax-filing behaviour of newly landed immigrants and their families over time in Canada.