Analysis

Description: This discussion paper describes the proposed methodology for a Northern Market Basket Measure (MBM-N) for Nunavut, as well as identifies research which could be conducted in preparation for the 2023 review. The paper presents initial MBM-N thresholds and provides preliminary poverty estimates for reference years 2018 to 2021. A review period will follow the release of this paper, during which time Statistics Canada and Employment and Social Development Canada will welcome feedback from interested parties and work with experts, stakeholders, indigenous organizations, federal, provincial and territorial officials to validate the results.

Description: This paper examines the social ties that Canadians have in their neighbourhoods, identified in terms of their social contact with neighbours, trust in people in their neighbourhood, and sense of inclusion and belonging. Long-term residents in lower-income neighbourhoods are of particular interest. Supports and resources derived from local ties may be particularly important for this group, given generally modest economic resources and sociodemographic characteristics such as health, household composition and age.

Description: This paper provides a brief overview of the Market Basket Measure (MBM) and past comprehensive reviews. It then outlines the objectives, guiding principles, anticipated engagement activities and proposed timelines for the third comprehensive review of the MBM.

Description: The financial security of seniors has long been a concern, especially in recent years, against the backdrop of an aging population. This study analyzes the extent to which pre-retirement lifestyles can be maintained into retirement years by comparing family incomes of five cohorts of individuals as they age from their mid 50s to late 70s.

Description: This infographic presents some highlights from the 2021 Canadian Income Survey data.

Description: This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate, along with a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households.

Description: While past Canadian studies have assessed the short-term impact of divorce and widowhood on living standards during retirement years, less is known about the long-term impact and how living standards compare across cohorts. This study follows five cohorts of individuals as they age from their mid 50s to their late 70s.

Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.

Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.

Description: This discussion paper is the first-of-two and describes a proposed methodology for delineating remote regions for the Market Basket Measure (MBM). It also provides an opportunity for the public and stakeholders to provide feedback and comments on the proposed methodology.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This infographic presents some highlights from the 2022 Canadian Income Survey data.

Description: Canada’s Poverty Reduction Strategy introduced the Official Poverty Line for Canada and a dashboard of 12 indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents trend information for Canada's official poverty rate and the associated 12 indicators.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, this infographic examines the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families with an immigrant parent. This infographic explores the prevalence of low income among persons in one-parent families according to the parent’s admission category and racialized group, as well as the presence of young children in the family.

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Deposits in Registered Retirement Savings Plans have grown at a phenomenal rate over the past few years. Selected characteristics of contributors and the amounts placed in the plans are profiled. New legislation taking effect in 1991 is discussed.

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Government transfer payments can add another dimension to judging regional economic performance. This article looks at sub-provincial areas and the effect of transfer payments to lessen economic inequality in these areas.

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Does a Canadian household spend its money differently than its American counterpart? This article examines the breakdowns in personal consumption, future security and income taxes by family type in the two countries.

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In Canada, there are both similarities and differences in the way urban and rural households spend their income and these patterns have tended to persist over time.

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From family allowance cheques and child tax credits to old age security pensions and guaranteed income supplements, most Canadians benefit from government transfer payments. Using Census data from 1971 to 1986, this article reviews changes in government transfer payments.

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Many families have low incomes, even if members are active in the work force. Who are the "working poor"? This piece reviews the concepts and measures of low income and examines the labour force participation of families below the low income cut-off.

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As the need for pension plans and other support systems increases due to Canada's aging population, the proportion of the working-age population (the main contributor to these systems) is dropping. Will Canada face a dependency crisis in the future? This article examines dependency ratio over the past two decades and notes how Canada compares with other industrialized countries.

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Do the similarities between Canada and the United States extend to patterns of wealth distribution? This study focuses on the wealth of Canadian and American households in 1984. What are the similarities and the differences in the assets held by families? Is wealth more concentrated in one country than in the other? Do Canadians and Americans have different approaches to investment?

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By the end of 1988, $158 billion worth of pension funds were available for investment - more than five times the federal deficit. This study examines how pension funds are invested in both the private and public sector and looks at the rates of returns on these investments between 1978 and 1988.

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As more and more wives join the work force, the dual-earner family has become the norm and a wife who earns more than her husband is no longer a rarity: in 1987, it happened in just under one of five dual-earner families. This study profiles these wives and their husbands by work patterns and earnings, and looks at life-cycle variations.

Description:

The papers in this series are based on the Survey of Financial Security which is a study of what families own (assets) and what they owe (debts). Various topics are covered by this survey, such as the value of family assets (home; other property; vehicles; bank accounts; term deposits; life insurance; and investments in registered savings plans, bonds, mutual funds, stocks, etc.), the amount of family debts (amount owed on mortgages, car loans, credit cards, other charge accounts, student loans, etc.), major on-going expenses for housing and child care, and any employer pensions plans that members of the family belong to. Information is also available on the demographic, employment, income and educational characteristics of family members. This research paper series covers various topics relating to survey content, concepts and operations.

Description:

This book is designed to contribute to the foundation of basic information that leaders and researchers will need when they begin to devote much more time and resources to the institutional adjustments that the up-coming wave of retirements among baby boomers will require. Its contents deal with aspects of retirement that have been outside the main focus in the research literature, but which will likely receive much greater attention in the future. These aspects include social issues arising from the emergence of a large number of people who form a substantial proportion of the adult population and whose length of time in retirement will be as long as that of a generation, roughly 25 years; women's retirement; family dynamics and retirement; and retirement processes among people with no career job as conventionally defined. A large part of the book is devoted to scientific papers that are based upon Statistics Canada's data and which require substantial innovations of useful concepts and data series that serve to illustrate the potentials of our data.

Description:

This series of reports provides key background information on the trends and conditions in Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs) across a number of dimensions. Subjects covered include demographics, housing, immigration, Aboriginal persons, low-income and stressed neighbourhoods, economic conditions, health, location of work and commuting mode, and culture. Most reports cover the 1981-to-2001 period.

Description:

These products present extensive historical, up-to-date and detailed information covering the following topics: Old Age Security programs, registered pension plans (RPPs), registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs), trusteed pension funds, pension adjustment (PA), retirement compensation arrangements (RCAs), Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Quebec Pension Plan (QPP).

These products will be useful for a wide audience, including pension professionals (e.g., employee benefit and investment specialists), employers and policy analysts, as well as educational institutions whose curricula cover these increasingly important programs.

Important note: Please refer to the content note for specifics concerning the information available in each medium.

Description:

This annual publication is derived from Income in Canada, catalogue no. 75-202-X. It presents short analyses on families' income. The main components of family incomes are: market income, government transfers, total income, income tax, income after tax and low income.

Analysis of Income in Canada is replaced by the now offered for free publication Income in Canada, catalogue number 75-202-XIE with issue 2003.

Description:

The Canada e-Book is an online version of the Canada Year Book with texts, tables, charts and audio clips that present the country's economic and social trends. The Canada e-Book illustrates Canada and Canadians under four broad headings: The Land, The People, The Economy, and The State. You will find a wealth of information on topics including the human imprint on the environment, population and demography, health, education, household and family life, labour force, arts and leisure, industries, finance, government and justice. All Canadians will enjoy this useful reference that helps explain the social, economic and cultural forces that shape our nation.

Description:

This series includes a number of comprehensive articles that supplement the day-of-release information launched through The Daily. These catalogued articles provide an analytical perspective on the 2001 Census release topics. The number and length of these articles vary for each census release and are based on the 21 census release topics disseminated over 8 major release dates.

More focused articles were disseminated as major releases in The Daily in the weeks following the official release of the data. Other more specialized articles were also announced in The Daily. The articles in the 2001 Census Analysis Series are available free of charge via the Internet.

Description:

For the first time in a Canadian asset and debt survey, the 1999 Survey of Financial Security (SFS) includes an estimate of the value of benefits accrued in employer (i.e.registered) pension plans (RPPs). Although not an asset in the sense that it can be sold and used for another purpose, employer pension plan benefits are nonetheless an important part of the net worth of Canadians, as they provide many with at least a portion of their income in retirement. For many families, it is likely to be one of the largest assets.

The 1999 SFS provides the most comprehensive picture of the net worth of Canadians yet available. Information was collected on the value of all major financial and non-financial assets, and on the money owing on mortgages, vehicles, credit cards, student loans and other debts. The value of these assets, less the debts, is referred to as net worth. Data collection took place from May to July 1999, in all provinces. Although this is the seventh time that an asset and debt survey has been conducted by Statistics Canada, over 15 years have passed since the last survey was done, in 1984. Many changes have taken place since that time, in both the economy and the structure of families. Survey findings are available in the report The assets and debts of Canadians: an overview of the results of the Survey of Financial Security (catalogue no. 13-595-XIE).

Description:

This report provides an overview of the results of the Survey of Financial Security (SFS). This survey collected information on the assets and debts of families and unattached individuals. Data collection took place from May to July 1999, in all provinces. Although this is the seventh time that an asset and debt survey has been conducted by Statistics Canada, over 15 years have passed since the last survey was done, in 1984. Many changes have taken place since that time, in both the economy and the structure of families.

The 1999 SFS provides the most comprehensive picture of the net wealth of Canadians yet available. Information was collected on the value of all major financial and non-financial assets and on the money owing on mortgages, vehicles, credit cards, student loans and other debts. The value of these assets less the debts is referred to in this report as net worth.

Description:

Low income cut-offs (LICOs) are intended to convey the income level at which a family may be in straitened circumstances because it has to spend a greater portion of its income on the basics (food, clothing and shelter) than does the average family of similar size. The LICOs vary by family size and by size of community.

This publication provides a brief explanation of how the LICOs are derived and updated annually. In addition, it provides on a historical basis, LICOs for different family sizes by size of area of residence. LICOs are calculated based on the spending patterns of families on basic 'necessities' - food, shelter and clothing - as collected from the Survey of Household Spending (formerly referred to as the Family Expenditure Survey (FAMEX)).