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All (61) (30 to 40 of 61 results)

  • 31. Multilevel modelling of complex survey longitudinal data with time varying random effects Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000015178
    Description:

    Longitudinal observations consist of repeated measurements on the same units over a number of occasions, with fixed or varying time spells between the occasions. Each vector observation can be viewed therefore as a time series, usually of short length. Analyzing the measurements for all the units permits the fitting of low-order time series models, despite the short lengths of the individual series.

    Release date: 2000-08-30
  • 32. Model-based estimation with link-tracing sampling designs Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000015181
    Description:

    Samples from hidden and hard-to-access human populations are often obtained by procedures in which social links are followed from one respondent to another. Inference from the sample to the larger population of interest can be affected by the link-tracing design and the type of data it produces. The population with its social network structure can be modeled as a stochastic graph with a joint distribution of node values representing characteristics of individuals and arc indicators representing social relationships between individuals.

    Release date: 2000-08-30
  • 33. Statistical services: Preparing for the future Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19990024875
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Dr. Fellegi considers the challenges facing government statistical agencies and strategies to prepare for these challenges. He first describes the environment of changing information needs and the social, economic and technological developments driving this change. He goes on to describe both internal and external elements of a strategy to meet these evolving needs. Internally, a flexible capacity for survey taking and information gathering must be developed. Externally, contacts must be developed to ensure continuing relevance of statistical programs while maintaining non-political objectivity.

    Release date: 2000-03-01
  • 34. Optimal recursive estimation for repeated surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013907
    Description:

    Least squares estimation for repeated surveys is addressed. Several estimators of current level, change in level and average level for multiple time periods are developed. The Recursive Regression Estimator, a recursive computational form of the best linear unbiased estimator based on all periods of the survey, is presented. It is shown that the recursive regression procedure converges; and that the dimension of the estimation problem is bounded as the number of periods increases indefinitely. The recursive procedure offers a solution to the problem of computational complexity associated with minimum variance unbiased estimation in repeated surveys. Data from the U.S. Current Population Survey are used to compare alternative estimators under two types of rotation designs: the intermittent rotation design used in the U.S. Current Population Survey, and two continuous rotation designs.

    Release date: 1998-07-31
  • 35. Empirical Bayes estimation of small area proportions based on ordinal outcome variables Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970023617
    Description:

    Much research has been conducted into the modelling of ordinal responses. Some authors argue that, when the response variable is ordinal, inclusion of ordinality in the model to be estimated should improve model performance. Under the condition of ordinality, Campbell and Donner (1989) compared the asymptotic classification error rate of the multinominal logistic model to that of the ordinal logistic model of Anderson (1984). They showed that the ordinal logistic model had a lower expected asymptotic error rate than the multinominal logistic model. This paper also aims to compare the performance of ordinal and multinomial logistic models for ordinal responses. However, rather than focussing on classification efficiency, the assessment is made in the context of an application where the objective is to estimate small area proportions. More specifically, using multinominal and ordinal logistic models, the empirical Bayes approach proposed by Farrell, MacGibbon and Tomberlin (1997a) for estimating small area proportions based on binomial outcome data is extended to response variables consisting of more than two outcome categories. The properties of estimators based on these two models are compared via a simulation study in which the empirical Bayes methods proposed here are applied to data from the 1950 United States Census with the objective of predicting, for a small area, the proportion of individuals who belong to the various categories of an ordinal response variable representing income level.

    Release date: 1998-03-12
  • 36. The application of McNemar tests to the current population survey's split panel study Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19960022981
    Description:

    Results from the Current Population Survey split panel studies indicated a centralized computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) effect on labor force estimates. One hypothesis is that the CATI interviewing increased the probability of respondent's changing their reported labor force status. The two sample McNemar test is appropriate for testing this type of hypothesis: the hypothesis of interest is that the marginal changes in each of two independent sample's tables are equal. We show two adaptations of this test to complex survey data, along with applications from the Current Population Survey's Parallel Survey split data and from the Current Population Survey's CATI Phase-in data.

    Release date: 1997-01-30
  • 37. Multiple sample estimation of population and census undercount in the presence of matching errors Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199600114385
    Description:

    The multiple capture-recapture census is reconsidered by relaxing the traditional perfect matching assumption. We propose matching error models to characterize error-prone matching mechanisms. The observed data take the form of an incomplete 2^k contingency table with one missing cell and follow a multinomial distribution. We develop a procedure for the estimation of the population size. Our approach applies to both standard log-linear models for contingency tables and log-linear models for heterogeneity of catchability. We illustrate the method and estimation using a 1988 dress rehearsal study for the 1990 census conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.

    Release date: 1996-06-14
  • 38. An assessment of the use of hand-held computers during demographic surveys in developing countries Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199500214392
    Description:

    Although large scale surveys conducted in developing countries can provide an invaluable snapshot of the health situation in a community, results produced rarely reflect the current reality as they are often released several months or years after data collection. The time lag can be partially attributed to delays in entering, coding and cleaning data after it is collected in the field. Recent advances in computer technology have provided a means of directly recording data onto a hand-held computer. Errors are reduced because in-built checks triggered as the questionnaire is administered reject illogical or inconsistent entries. This paper reports the use of one such computer-assisted interviewing tool in the collection of demographic data in Kenya. Although initial costs of establishing computer-assisted interviewing are high, the benefits are clear: errors that can creep into data collected by experienced field staff can be reduced to negligible levels. In situations where speed is essential, a large number of staff are involved, or a pre-coded questionnaire is used to collect data routinely over a long period, computer-assisted interviewing could prove a means of saving costs in the long term, as well as producing a dramatic improvement in data quality in the immediate term.

    Release date: 1995-12-15
  • 39. Design effects for correlated (P_i - P_j) Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199500214398
    Description:

    We present empirical evidence from 14 surveys in six countries concerning the existence and magnitude of design effects (defts) for five designs of two major types. The first type concerns deft (p_i – p_j), the difference of two proportions from a polytomous variable of three or more categories. The second type uses Chi-square tests for differences from two samples. We find that for all variables in all designs deft (p_i – p_j) \cong [deft (p_i) + deft (p_j)] / 2 are good approximations. These are empirical results, and exceptions disprove the existence of mere analytical inequalities. These results hold despite great variations of defts between variables and also between categories of the same variables. They also show the need for sample survey treatment of survey data even for analytical statistics. Furthermore they permit useful approximations of deft (p_i – p_j) from more accessible deft (p_i) values.

    Release date: 1995-12-15
  • 40. Stanley Warner’s contributions to statistically balanced information technology Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199500114416
    Description:

    Stanley Warner was widely known for the creation of the randomized response technique for asking sensitive questions in surveys. Over almost two decades he also formulated and developed statistical methodology for another problem, that of deriving balanced information in advocacy settings so that both positions regarding a policy issue can be fairly and adequately represented. We review this work, including two survey applications implemented by Warner in which he applied the methodology, and we set the ideas into the context of current methodological thinking.

    Release date: 1995-06-15
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Articles and reports (61)

Articles and reports (61) (40 to 50 of 61 results)

  • 41. Empirical comparison of small area estimation methods for the Italian Labour Force Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214419
    Description:

    The study was undertaken to evaluate some alternative small areas estimators to produce level estimates for unplanned domains from the Italian Labour Force Sample Survey. In our study, the small areas are the Health Service Areas, which are unplanned sub-regional territorial domains and were not isolated at the time of sample design and thus cut across boundaries of the design strata. We consider the following estimators: post-stratified ratio, synthetic, composite expressed as linear combination of synthetic and of post-stratified ratio, and sample size dependent. For all the estimators considered in this study, the average percent relative biases and the average relative mean square errors were obtained in a Monte Carlo study in which the sample design was simulated using data from the 1981 Italian Census.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 42. Dual system estimation of census undercount in the presence of matching error Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400214422
    Description:

    Dual system estimation (DSE) has been used since 1950 by the U.S. Bureau of Census for coverage evaluation of the decennial census. In the DSE approach, data from a sample is combined with data from the census to estimate census undercount and overcount. DSE relies upon the assumption that individuals in both the census and the sample can be matched perfectly. The unavoidable mismatches and erroneous nonmatches reduce the accuracy of the DSE. This paper reconsiders the DSE approach by relaxing the perfect matching assumption and proposes models to describe two types of matching errors, false matches of nonmatching cases and false nonmatches of matching cases. Methods for estimating population total and census undercount are presented and illustrated using data from 1986 Los Angeles test census and 1990 Decennial Census.

    Release date: 1994-12-15
  • 43. Estimating the rate of rural homelessness: A study of nonurban Ohio Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400114428
    Description:

    Recently, much effort has been directed towards counting and characterizing the homeless. Most of this work, however, has focused on homeless persons in urban areas. In this paper, we describe efforts to estimate the rate of homelessness in nonurban counties in Ohio. The methods for locating homeless persons and even the definition of homelessness are different in rural areas where there are fewer institutions for sheltering and feeding the homeless. There may also be a problem with using standard survey sampling estimators, which typically require large population sizes, large sample sizes, and small sampling fractions. We describe a survey of homeless persons in nonurban Ohio and present a simulation study to assess the usefulness of standard estimators for a population proportion from a stratified cluster sample.

    Release date: 1994-06-15
  • 44. Regression weighting in the presence of nonresponse with application to the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199400114429
    Description:

    A regression weight generation procedure is applied to the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Regression estimation was used because of the large nonresponse in the survey. The regression weights are generalized least squares weights modified so that all weights are positive and so that large weights are smaller than the least squares weights. It is demonstrated that the regression estimator has the potential for large reductions in mean square error relative to the simple direct estimator in the presence of nonresponse.

    Release date: 1994-06-15
  • 45. Bibliography on capture-recapture modelling with application to census undercount adjustment Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199200114494
    Description:

    This article presents a selected annotated bibliography of the literature on capture-recapture (dual system) estimation of population size, on extensions to the basic methodology, and the application of these techniques in the context of census undercount estimation.

    Release date: 1992-06-15
  • 46. Should we have adjusted the U.S. census of 1980? Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199200114499
    Description:

    This paper reviews some of the arguments for and against adjusting the U.S. census of 1980, and the decision of the court.

    Release date: 1992-06-15
  • 47. Benchmarking of economic time series Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000214531
    Description:

    Benchmarking is a method of improving estimates from a sub-annual survey with the help of corresponding estimates from an annual survey. For example, estimates of monthly retail sales might be improved using estimates from the annual survey. This article deals, first with the problem posed by the benchmarking of time series produced by economic surveys, and then reviews the most relevant methods for solving this problem. Next, two new statistical methods are proposed, based on a non-linear model for sub-annual data. The benchmarked estimates are then obtained by applying weighted least squares.

    Release date: 1990-12-14
  • 48. Analysis of repeated surveys Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000214537
    Description:

    Repeated surveys in which a portion of the units are observed at more than one time point and some units are not observed at some time points are of primary interest. Least squares estimation for such surveys is reviewed. Included in the discussion are estimation procedures in which existing estimates are not revised when new data become available. Also considered are techniques for the estimation of longitudinal parameters, such as gross change tables. Estimation for a repeated survey of land use conducted by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service is described. The effects of measurement error on gross change estimates is illustrated and it is shown that survey designs constructed to enable estimation of the parameters of the measurement error process can be very efficient.

    Release date: 1990-12-14
  • 49. A historical perspective on the institutional bases for survey research in the United States Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X199000114559
    Description:

    The basic theme of this paper is that the development of survey methods in the technical sense can only be well understood in the context of the development of the institutions through which survey-taking is done. Thus we consider here survey methods in the large, in order to better prepare the reader for consideration of more formal methodological developments in sampling theory in the mathematical statistics sense. After a brief introduction, we give a historical overview of the evolution of institutional and contextual factors in Europe and the United States, up through the early part of the twentieth century, concentrating on governmental activities. We then focus on the emergence of institutional bases for survey research in the United States, primarily in the 1930s and 1940s. In a separate section, we take special note of the role of the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the study of non-sampling errors that was initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Then, we look at three areas of basic change in survey methodology since 1960.

    Release date: 1990-06-15
  • 50. Randomized response sampling from dichotomous populations with continuous randomization Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X198900214566
    Description:

    A randomized response model for sampling from dichotomous populations is developed in this paper. The model permits the use of continuous randomization and multiple trials per respondent. The special case of randomization with normal distributions is considered, and a computer simulation of such a sampling procedure is presented as an initial exploration into the effects such a scheme has on the amount of information in the sample. A portable electronic device is discussed which would implement the presented model. The results of a study taken, using the electronic randomizing device, is presented. The results show that randomized response sampling is a superior technique to direct questioning for at least some sensitive questions.

    Release date: 1989-12-15
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