Census of Population

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The census provides a detailed statistical portrait of Canada and its people by their demographic, social and economic characteristics. This information is important for communities and is vital for planning services such as child care, schooling, family services, and skills training for employment.

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  • 1. A timeline of women in Canada's history
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2024038
    Description: To commemorate Women's History Month, this infographic uses data from a number of Statistics Canada sources to highlight some of the achievements of women in Canada (e.g., educational attainment, representation in certain occupations and in leadership positions).
    Release date: 2024-10-01
  • 2. Discontinuers of apprenticeship programs: An analysis on the impact of discontinuation on the labour market outcomes of apprentices
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2024001
    Description: This analytical article provides insight on the impact of discontinuing apprenticeship programs on the labor market outcomes of apprentices in Canada. Using Census 2016 data and the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP), this study examines certified journeypersons, continuers, and discontinuers of apprenticeship programs from 2008 to 2013. Labour market outcomes are compared primarily through the rates of employment in industries related to their trade of study and earnings.
    Release date: 2024-09-26
  • 3. Changes in the population of tradespeople between 2016 and 2021
    Articles and reports: 81-595-M2024002
    Description: There has been a growing concern about future labor supply in skilled trades in Canada. Using data from the Census of Population and the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey (JVWS), this article examines changes in the number and demographic composition of tradespeople from 2016 to 2021 in Canada. Specifically, the study focuses on those employed in Red Seal trades, analyzing variations in age, gender, citizenship, and trade selection.
    Release date: 2024-09-26
  • 4. Workforce utilization of Canadian men with a nursing education
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400900001
    Description: Little is known about the workforce utilization of Canadian men with a nursing education, who accounted for 12% of people eligible to practise nursing in 2021 (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2022). This article compares racialized and White men aged 25 to 64 years with a nursing education in terms of their skill utilization in the workforce.
    Release date: 2024-09-25
  • 5. Most prevalent jobs of doctoral degree graduates by detailed field of study
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400900002
    Description: Although it is well established that higher levels of educational attainment are generally associated with higher lifetime earnings, and that this varies considerably by field of study, less is known about the actual jobs held by graduates of specific disciplines. The purpose of this short article is to present results from the 2021 Census of Population for doctoral degree graduates. Only individuals who worked during the census reference week (May 2 to 8, 2021) and who completed a Canadian doctoral degree program are included.
    Release date: 2024-09-25
  • 6. Exposure to artificial intelligence in Canadian jobs: Experimental estimates
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400900004
    Description: This study provides experimental estimates of the number and percentage of workers in Canada potentially susceptible to AI-related job transformation based on the complementarity-adjusted AI occupational exposure index.
    Release date: 2024-09-25
  • 7. Occupational and sex differences in active commuting among Canadian workers from 2006 to 2016
    Articles and reports: 82-003-X202400900001
    Description: Active commuting (AC) to and from work is associated with numerous health benefits, through increased physical activity. This study examined whether occupation types and part-time work, by sex, were associated with AC in a population-based sample of Canadian workers. This study examined the associations between occupational classifications, part-time work, and AC (i.e., walking, cycling) and public transit use, in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults, while controlling for other relevant sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., education, income, urbanity). This study also explored how associations between occupational classifications and AC differed by sex and how AC rates may have changed over time.
    Release date: 2024-09-18
  • 8. Number of enterprises in Canada, by geography and visible minority status of owner
    Table: 33-10-0838-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Annual
    Description: Annual counts of enterprises by visible minority status of owner (South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, etc.) for Canada, provinces and the territories.
    Release date: 2024-09-10
  • 9. Number of enterprises in Canada, by geography and age of owner
    Table: 33-10-0839-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Annual
    Description: Annual counts of enterprises by age of owner (younger than 30 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, etc.) for Canada, provinces and the territories.
    Release date: 2024-09-10
  • 10. Number of enterprises in Canada, by geography and immigrant status of owner
    Table: 33-10-0840-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Annual
    Description: Annual counts of enterprises by immigrant status of owner (admitted less than 5 years ago, admitted 5 to 9 years ago, etc.) for Canada, provinces and the territories.
    Release date: 2024-09-10
Data (3,363)

Data (3,363) (40 to 50 of 3,363 results)

  • 41. Labour force status by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0643-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Labour force status (3A), Census year (2)
    Description: Labour force status by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 42. Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0644-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 43. Class of worker by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0645-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Class of worker (5B), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Class of worker – variant on self-employed by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 44. Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0646-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 45. Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0648-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)
    Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 46. Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0650-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)
    Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 47. Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of Population
    Table: 98-26-0009
    Description: This product presents 2021 Census of Population characteristic data for nine separate profiles of interest, including: age; ethnic origin; first official language; immigration; income distribution by income source; mother tongue; poverty, COVID-19 benefits and high income; religion; and visible minority. Data are available for various levels of geography, including Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, and communities with a 2021 population of 10,000 or greater.
    Release date: 2024-03-20
  • 48. Census of Population: Public Use Microdata Files
    Public use microdata: 98M0001X
    Description: Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) provide access to non-aggregated data covering a sample of the Canadian population. It is a comprehensive social, demographic and economic database about Canada, its people, and contains a wealth of characteristics on the population. These files enable the study of individuals, families and households. Geographic identifiers have been restricted to ensure respondents’ anonymity. This comprehensive file is an excellent tool for policy analysts, pollsters, social researchers and anyone interested in modeling and performing statistical regression analysis using Census microdata.

    These products contain the data file, user documentation and license agreements. It is important to note that users will require knowledge of data manipulation packages (or software) such as SAS, SPSS or Stata to use this product.
    Release date: 2024-03-20
  • 49. Instruction in the minority official language of eligible school-aged children, by eligibility criterion, age group and level, 2021
    Table: 15-10-0038-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census subdivision
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Number of eligible children aged 5 to 17 years who attended or who never attended an English-language school for residents of Quebec or a French-language school for residents of Canada outside Quebec. The data is presented by eligibility criterion, by age group, and by level for youth aged 12 to 17 years.
    Release date: 2024-03-14
  • 50. Rural Canada Housing Profiles, 2022
    Table: 45-20-00042024003
    Description: The Rural Canada Housing Profiles (RCHP) 2022 provides tables on housing in rural Canada. The tables were developed using data from several Statistics Canada programs: Canadian Housing Statistics Program (2021), Building Permits (2022) and Investment in Building Construction (2022). Information such as structure type (single or multiple residential property), year of construction, size of the building, and construction intentions (building permits issued by municipalities, number of units / value of the building) were used to provide a broader picture of housing stocks, flows and investments in rural and small town communities. The final output is five data tables (residential building permits; investment in residential building construction; residential property characteristics); occupied private dwelling characteristics; and private household characteristics).

    Data are organized geographically at the following levels (where applicable): Canada, provinces or territories, census subdivisions (CSD), and Rural and Small Town (RST) or urban areas of Canada. A CSD is considered to be 'Rural and Small Town (RST)' in the RCHP if it is outside of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMA/CA); otherwise, it is considered to be 'Urban'.
    Release date: 2024-03-01
Analysis (580)

Analysis (580) (60 to 70 of 580 results)

  • 61. Key facts on the English language in Quebec in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023016
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the English language in Quebec in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in English, whose first official language spoken is English, whose mother tongue is English, and who speak English at home or use English at work. In addition, it contains information on English-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on English spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is English. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 62. Key facts on the French language in Ontario in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023017
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in Ontario in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 63. Study: Pathways from education to the labour market among Canadian youth
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X20232094447
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2023-07-28
  • 64. Market basket measure research paper: Child care expenses
    Articles and reports: 75F0002M2023002
    Description: This discussion paper begins by explaining what is commonly understood as child care and how child care expenses currently enter the market basket measure (MBM) methodology. It then describes an alternative approach to account for child care expenses by incorporating them as a separate component within the MBM based on the reference family. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach is also provided. The public and stakeholders are invited to provide feedback and comments on the discussion points presented.
    Release date: 2023-07-27
  • 65. Key facts on the French language in Manitoba in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023011
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in Manitoba in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-07-19
  • 66. Key facts on the French language in Saskatchewan in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023012
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in Saskatchewan in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-07-19
  • 67. Key facts on the French language in Alberta in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023013
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in Alberta in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-07-19
  • 68. Key facts on the French language in British Columbia in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023014
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in British Columbia in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-07-19
  • 69. Toward a Classification of Communities by Remoteness: A Proposal
    Articles and reports: 18-001-X2023001
    Description: This study proposes a classification of Canadian communities into two discrete remoteness classes based on a continuous index of remoteness.
    Release date: 2023-06-30
  • 70. Federal business innovation and growth support to official language minority owned businesses, 2020
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023040
    Description: This infographic highlights the value and proportion of Federal Business Innovation and Growth Support (BIGS) given to enterprises whose primary owner belongs to the official-language minority (OLM). Among these enterprises, selected characteristics such as business size, revenues, share of women-owned enterprises, and selected industry concentrations are also presented. Data is provided for the 2020 reference year and is sourced from the Business Linkable File Environment (2020), Business Innovation and Growth Support (2020) database and the Census of Population (2021).
    Release date: 2023-06-28
Reference (241)

Reference (241) (50 to 60 of 241 results)

  • 51. Key household indicators, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021023
    Description: Data collected by the Census of Population are used to create different household indicators to help governments and organizations assess housing needs in Canada. This video focuses on six key household indicators that help governments and organizations manage the state of housing in Canada, namely, shelter costs, shelter-cost-to-income ratio, housing adequacy, housing suitability, housing affordability and core housing need.
    Release date: 2022-10-26
  • 52. Introduction to ethnocultural and religion concepts, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021024
    Description: This video is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of ethnic or cultural origin, population group, visible minority and religion concepts. It defines each of these concepts and explains the importance of this data in painting a picture of Canada's multicultural communities.
    Release date: 2022-10-26
  • 53. 2021 Census Postsecondary Research Kit
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-503-X2021004
    Description: The 2021 Census Postsecondary Research Kit has been developed for college, CÉGEP and university students looking to use Census data in their research. It includes an easy-to-use research guide on Census of Population resources and on how the data can be used to answer complex research questions.
    Release date: 2022-09-28
  • 54. 2021 Census Secondary Classroom Kit
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-503-X2021005
    Description: The 2021 Census Secondary Classroom Kit has been developed for use in secondary school classes across the country. It includes classroom-ready activities that will help students gain an understanding of what data the census provides, how to access census data, and how the results can help them to better understand their communities.
    Release date: 2022-09-28
  • 55. 2021 Census Data Quality Guidelines
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-26-0006
    Description:

    These guidelines provide information to help people effectively use and interpret the data quality indicators for the 2021 Census.

    Release date: 2022-09-21
  • 56. Housing Characteristics Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-500-X2021005
    Description: This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret housing characteristics data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.
    Release date: 2022-09-21
  • 57. Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-500-X2021009
    Description:

    This reference guide provides information to help users effectively use and interpret Indigenous peoples data from the 2021 Census. This guide contains definitions and explanations of concepts, questions, classifications, data quality and comparability with other sources for this topic.

    Release date: 2022-09-21
  • 58. Introduction to housing data, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021021
    Description: The objective of this video is to offer insights into housing variables and key household indicators like housing adequacy, suitability and affordability. It explains where housing questions are found on the Census of Population questionnaire, the importance of housing data and how housing data are used by governments, businesses and social service agencies.
    Release date: 2022-09-21
  • 59. Housing and dwelling characteristics, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021022
    Description: This video introduces household and dwelling characteristics and their use in dissemination and analysis. It also presents the housing variables that are commonly used in analyses such as household maintainer, tenure, total income of household, household size and household type. In addition, the video shows the dwelling characteristics that describe the physical attributes of the living quarters occupied by the household, such as number of rooms, number of bedrooms, period of construction, dwelling condition, condominium status and value (owner estimated).
    Release date: 2022-09-21
  • 60. Mother tongue, 2021 Census of Population
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021015
    Description: This video will explain why and how census collects data on language and its importance and relevance for governments, researchers and community groups. It provides an understanding of how data on mother tongue is collected, how mother tongue variables are created and how they are disseminated and analyzed. In addition, the video explains the concept of single and multiple responses and the three ways of dealing with multiple responses, that is, separate treatment, inclusion and distribution.
    Release date: 2022-08-17
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Census Profile

This profile presents information from the 2011 Census of Population for various levels of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, communities, census tracts and health regions. The profile includes characteristics such as population, age, sex, dwellings, families, marital status and language.

Focus on Geography Series

Focusing on a selected geographic area, this product presents data highlights for each of the major releases of the 2011 Census. These data highlights are presented through text, tables and figures. The geographic levels presented in this product include Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, and census subdivisions with a 2011 Census population greater than or equal to 5,000.

Census Dictionary

The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of Census of Population concepts, universes, variables, and geographic terms, as well as historical information.