Indigenous Peoples Survey

Skip to filters. View results.
The purpose of the Indigenous Peoples Survey (IPS) is to provide data on the social and economic conditions of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit, aged 15 and over, in Canada.

Detailed documentation about: Indigenous Peoples Survey

View results
Sort Help
entries

Results

All (190)

All (190) (160 to 170 of 190 results)

  • 161. An Overview of the Health of the Métis Population: Fact Sheet Archived
    Stats in brief: 89-637-X2009006
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This is one of three fact sheets in the series using information from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) and 2006 Census. This fact sheet provides information on the health and well-being of Métis adults (aged 15 and over) and children (aged 6 to 14).

    Release date: 2009-02-19
  • 162. Concepts and Methods Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-637-X2008003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This guide is intended to help data users understand the concepts and methods used in the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), which was conducted from October 2006 to March 2007.

    Technical details on sampling, processing and data quality are included in this guide. Further, the guide explains the relationship between the APS and the 2006 Census and cautions users as to important differences in the data produced from these two sources. Appendix 1 provides a list of communities for which data are available while Appendix 2 contains a glossary of terms that relate to the APS. Answers to some frequently asked questions are provided in Appendix 3. Links to the 2006 APS questionnaires are found in Appendix 4.

    Release date: 2009-01-16
  • 163. School Experiences of Off-Reserve First Nations Children Aged 6 to 14 Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-637-X2009001
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article highlights initial findings from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey regarding the school experiences of First Nations children aged 6 to 14 who are living off reserve. The goal of this report is to provide a descriptive portrait of the early school experiences among First Nations children, as well as to gain an understanding of some of the contextual factors likely to be associated with their school achievement. To meet this end a number of factors are explored, including school experiences, socio-demographic characteristics, activity limitations and medical conditions, and out-of-school activities.

    Release date: 2009-01-16
  • 164. School Experiences of Off-Reserve First Nations Children Aged 6 to 14: Fact Sheet Archived
    Stats in brief: 89-637-X2009003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This is one of three fact sheets in the series using information from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) and 2006 Census. This fact sheet provides information on the school experiences among First Nations children aged 6 to 14 who are living off reserve, as well as some of the contextual factors which were found to be associated with their school achievement, as perceived and reported by parents who responded on behalf of their child in the Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) in 2006.

    Release date: 2009-01-16
  • 165. 2006 Profile of Aboriginal Children, Youth and Adults Archived
    Profile of a community or region: 89-635-X
    Description:

    The online product 2006 Profile of Aboriginal Children, Youth and Adults provides an extensive set of data about Aboriginal children, youth and adults (Métis, Inuit and off-reserve North American Indian) living in urban, rural and northern locations across Canada.

    Key indicators from the 2006 Aboriginal Children's Survey (ACS) and the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) are presented as part of an interactive online tool and provide data on a wide range of topics, including: family and community; childcare; nurturing; healthy living; food and nutrition; languages; education; social activities; labour activity; income; communications technology; housing; and community wellness. These data can be used to better understand the social and living conditions of Aboriginal people.

    Data are presented for Aboriginal Peoples using the concepts of Aboriginal identity, Treaty Indian or Registered Indian status (as defined by the Indian Act of Canada) and Aboriginal ancestry.

    Release date: 2009-01-16
  • 166. Inuit Health and Social Conditions: Supporting Data Tables Archived
    Table: 89-637-X2008002
    Description:

    A series of supporting data tables accompanies the Inuit analytical article from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS). These tables provide data at the national level, for each of the four Inuit regions (Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut and the Inuvialuit region), along with data for Inuit outside these regions for major themes covered in the analytical article. Data for the Inuit identity population aged 15 and over are provided for: Participation in harvesting activities; diagnosed with arthritis/rheumatism, high blood pressure, asthma, stomach problems or intestinal ulcers, heart problems, tuberculosis and diabetes; smoking status; self-rated health status and; reasons for not completing elementary or secondary school. For Inuit children aged 6 to 14, tables include: contact with a pediatrician, general practitioner or family physician in past 12 months; contact with another medical specialist and; food insecurity.

    Release date: 2008-12-19
  • 167. Inuit Health, Education and Country Food Harvesting: Fact Sheet Archived
    Stats in brief: 89-637-X2008004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This is one of three fact sheets in the series using information from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) and 2006 Census. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide information on the topics of access to health professionals, chronic conditions, smoking rates, dental care, barriers to school completion, food insecurity, harvesting country food and country food consumption and sharing. Results are presented for Inuit children aged six to 14 and Inuit aged 15 and over. Findings are for Inuit at the national level, for those in each of the four Inuit regions (Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut and the Inuvialuit region) and in some cases, for those outside the Inuit regions.

    Release date: 2008-12-19
  • 168. Inuit Health and Social Conditions Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-637-X2008001
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report presents some initial findings from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey for Inuit adults (aged 15 and over) and children (aged 6-14). A determinant of health framework is used. Information on health status is provided through data on self-reported health and chronic conditions. Other factors such as access to health care, smoking, formal education experiences, housing, participation in harvesting activities and country food consumption are examined. Data are shown for Inuit nationally, for each of the four Inuit regions across Inuit Nunaat (the Inuit homeland), and for Inuit living in southern Canada. Some comparisons are made with the total Canadian population and, on occasion, changes since 2001 are examined.

    Release date: 2008-12-03
  • 169. Selected 2006 Census Data on the Aboriginal Identity Population Archived
    Table: 89-636-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This series presents selected 2006 Census data on the Aboriginal identity population. The data will be published in three parts. Part one contains data tables on Inuit and non-Aboriginal populations by Inuit regions. Part two contains data tables on Aboriginal identity groups (Inuit, Métis and First Nations people) and the non-Aboriginal population, for Canada, provinces and territories. Part three contains data tables on First Nations people by registered Indian status, living on and off reserve, for Canada, provinces and territories. The tables provide data on topics including population growth, age groups, living arrangements of children, language, labour, housing, earnings and total income. They are intended to complement the information provided in the 2006 Census releases.

    Release date: 2008-11-26
  • 170. Inuit Children's Leisure Time Activities: Report Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-627-X2008004
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This is the second report in the series using information from the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS). The purpose of this report is to provide information on the leisure time activities of Inuit children (ages 4 to 14). Specific activities include: sport participation, art or music activities, clubs or groups, cultural activities, time spent with elders, and sedentary activities. Results are presented for all Inuit children and specifically for those in the four Inuit land claim settlement regions in the Arctic: Nunatsiavut in northern Labrador, the territory of Nunavut, Nunavik in northern Quebec, and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Northwest Territories. Where possible, results for Inuit children are compared to those of all Canadian children.

    Release date: 2008-06-20
Data (99)

Data (99) (50 to 60 of 99 results)

  • 51. Aboriginal peoples survey, reasons for making handcrafted goods, by age group and sex, Inuit population aged 15 years and over, Canada and Inuit Nunangat
    Table: 41-10-0025-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    This table contains 5376 series, with data for years 2012 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (7 items: Canada; Inuit Nunangat; Nunatsiavut; Nunavik; ...) Age group (4 items: Total, 15 years and over; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 54 years; 55 years and over) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Male; Female) Making handcrafted goods (16 items: Total, made clothing or footwear in the last year; Made clothing or footwear in the last year; Made clothing or footwear in the last year for pleasure or leisure; Made clothing or footwear in the last year for own or family's use or to supplement income; ...) Statistics (4 items: Number of persons; Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; High 95% confidence interval).

    Release date: 2015-11-09
  • 52. Aboriginal peoples survey, harvesting activities by Aboriginal identity, age group and sex, population aged 15 years and over, Canada, provinces and territories
    Table: 41-10-0026-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    This table contains 69696 series, with data for years 2012 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (11 items: Canada; Atlantic; Quebec; Ontario; ...) Aboriginal identity (6 items: Total, Aboriginal identity; First Nations (North American Indian); First Nations (North American Indian), Registered or Treaty Indian; First Nations (North American Indian), not a Registered or Treaty Indian; ...) Age group (4 items: Total, 15 years and over; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 54 years; 55 years and over) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Male; Female) Harvesting activities (22 items: Total, hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped at least once a week during the season; Hunted, fished or trapped less than once a week but at least once a month during the season; ...) Statistics (4 items: Number of persons; Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; High 95% confidence interval).

    Release date: 2015-11-09
  • 53. Aboriginal peoples survey, harvesting activities by age group and sex, Inuit population aged 15 years and over, Canada and Inuit Nunangat
    Table: 41-10-0027-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    This table contains 7392 series, with data for years 2012 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (7 items: Canada; Inuit Nunangat; Nunatsiavut; Nunavik; ...) Age group (4 items: Total, 15 years and over; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 54 years; 55 years and over) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Male; Female) Harvesting activities (22 items: Total, hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped at least once a week during the season; Hunted, fished or trapped less than once a week but at least once a month during the season; ...) Statistics (4 items: Number of persons; Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; High 95% confidence interval).

    Release date: 2015-11-09
  • 54. Aboriginal peoples survey, reasons for harvesting, by Aboriginal identity, age group and sex, population aged 15 years and over, Canada, provinces and territories
    Table: 41-10-0028-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    This table contains 50688 series, with data for years 2012 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (11 items: Canada; Atlantic; Quebec; Ontario; ...) Aboriginal identity (6 items: Total, Aboriginal identity; First Nations (North American Indian); First Nations (North American Indian), Registered or Treaty Indian; First Nations (North American Indian), not a Registered or Treaty Indian; ...) Age group (4 items: Total, 15 years and over; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 54 years; 55 years and over) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Male; Female) Harvesting activities (16 items: Total, hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year for pleasure or leisure; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year for own or family's use or to supplement income; ...) Statistics (4 items: Number of persons; Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; High 95% confidence interval).

    Release date: 2015-11-09
  • 55. Aboriginal peoples survey, reasons for harvesting, by age group and sex, Inuit population aged 15 years and over, Canada and Inuit Nunangat
    Table: 41-10-0029-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    This table contains 5376 series, with data for years 2012 - 2012 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (7 items: Canada; Inuit Nunangat; Nunatsiavut; Nunavik; ...) Age group (4 items: Total, 15 years and over; 15 to 24 years; 25 to 54 years; 55 years and over) Sex (3 items: Both sexes; Male; Female) Harvesting activities (16 items: Total, hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year for pleasure or leisure; Hunted, fished or trapped in the last year for own or family's use or to supplement income; ...) Statistics (4 items: Number of persons; Percent; Low 95% confidence interval; High 95% confidence interval).

    Release date: 2015-11-09
  • 56. Perceived general health by Aboriginal identity
    Table: 41-10-0001-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Perceived general health, by Aboriginal identity, age group and sex, population aged 6 years and over, occasional.
    Release date: 2015-07-14
  • 57. Access to and use of health care services by Aboriginal identity
    Table: 41-10-0003-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Access to and use of health care services, by Aboriginal identity, age group and sex, population aged 6 years and over, occasional.
    Release date: 2015-07-14
  • 58. Long-term health problems (self-reported) by Aborginal identity
    Table: 41-10-0005-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Long-term health problems (self-reported) by Aboriginal identity and sex, population aged 6 to 11 years, occasional.
    Release date: 2015-07-14
  • 59. Perceived mental health and suicidal thoughts by Aboriginal identity
    Table: 41-10-0011-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Perceived mental health and suicidal thoughts, by Aboriginal identity, age group and sex, population aged 18 years and over, occasional.
    Release date: 2015-07-14
  • 60. Aboriginal Peoples Survey, 2012: Public Use Microdata File Archived
    Public use microdata: 89-653-X2015005
    Description:

    The Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) is a national survey on the social and economic conditions of Aboriginal Peoples (First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit) aged 6 years and over. The 2012 APS represents the fourth cycle of the survey and focuses on issues of education, employment and health. The 2012 APS public use microdata file (PUMF) package has been designed to enable users to access and manipulate survey microdata at the national level. The package includes a microdata file; SAS, SPSS and Stata syntax; and a users’ guide. The users’ guide provides general information on the survey as well as guidelines for releasing estimates calculated using the PUMF.

    Release date: 2015-03-24
Analysis (86)

Analysis (86) (10 to 20 of 86 results)

  • 11. Indigenous people with disabilities in Canada: First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit aged 15 years and older
    Articles and reports: 89-653-X2019005
    Description:

    This paper seeks to fill a gap in existing literature on disability among Indigenous peoples. Disability prevalence was established for each of the three Indigenous groups based on the Disability Screening Questions (DSQ), included in the APS for the first time in 2017. The study also uses data from the 2017 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD), this data source is used to establish disability rates for the non-Indigenous population, to help contextualize findings for First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit.

    Release date: 2019-12-12
  • 12. Upgrading and high school equivalency among the Indigenous population living off reserve
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100013
    Description:

    Among people who leave high school prior to completion, many return to formal schooling as adults. High school equivalency programs (such as a General Educational Development or Adult Basic Education program) give them the opportunity to go back and complete high school requirements. Using data from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, this study examines the factors associated with upgrading and high school equivalency among the Aboriginal population living off reserve. It also examines whether high school equivalency or upgrading is associated with better educational and labour market outcomes.

    Release date: 2019-09-19
  • 13. Study: Upgrading and high school equivalency among the Indigenous population living off reserve Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X201926220840
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2019-09-19
  • 14. Study: Evolution of the language situation in Nunavut 2001 to 2016 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X201919020650
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2019-07-09
  • 15. Evolution of the language situation in Nunavut, 2001 to 2016 Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2019010
    Description:

    The main objective of this report is to provide a statistical overview of the recent situation of Inuktitut in Nunavut and of its speakers, based on 2016 Census data, by showing how the use of the language at home and at work has changed since 2001.

    This report also aims to provide information to various stakeholders who work to support the protection, promotion and revitalization of Inuktut in communities and among population segments, where its use is more limited or is declining over time.

    Release date: 2019-07-09
  • 16. Employment characteristics of Métis women and men aged 25 to 54 in Canada Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-653-X2019002
    Description:

    This paper uses the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to assess the employment characteristics of Métis men and women. A number of other outcomes, influenced by these characteristics, are further explored, such as employment rates, employment income, education, occupation and employment types, economic instability, and self-reported mental health.

    Release date: 2019-06-13
  • 17. Inuit participation in the wage and land-based economies in Inuit Nunangat Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-653-X2019003
    Description:

    For Inuit, the term 'livelihood' encompasses work in the wage economy and in the labour that connects them with the land, their culture and their community. The results from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey presented in this paper highlight how important it is to include land-based economy in any examination of the labour market. Furthermore, these findings suggest the need for policies and programs aimed at improving Inuit employment and related economic outcomes.

    Release date: 2019-06-13
  • 18. Employment of First Nations men and women living off reserve Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-653-X2019004
    Description:

    This paper uses the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey to assess the employment characteristics of First Nations men and women, including occupation, industry and full-time/part-time employment. A number of other outcomes, influenced by these characteristics, are further explored, such as job satisfaction, skills, health, presence of disability, and measures of economic well-being such as food security.

    Release date: 2019-06-13
  • 19. Study: Harvesting activities among First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit: Time trends, barriers and associated factors 2001-2017 Archived
    Stats in brief: 11-001-X201910619943
    Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
    Release date: 2019-04-16
  • 20. Harvesting activities among First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit: Time trends, barriers and associated factors Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-653-X2019001
    Description:

    Harvesting activities such as hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering wild plants have been part of Indigenous peoples' ways of living for millennia. They have endured despite the impact of colonization, including the impacts of residential schools, relocation to permanent settlements, the wage economy, and other constraints. This paper examines trends in harvesting activities, specifically hunting, fishing or trapping and gathering wild plants berries, among First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit using four cycles of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS; 2001, 2006, 2012 and 2017). It also explores self-reported barriers to participation in harvesting activities and associated factors.

    Release date: 2019-04-16
Reference (4)

Reference (4) ((4 results))

  • 1. Aboriginal Peoples Survey, 2012: Concepts and Methods Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-653-X2013002
    Description:

    The Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) is a national survey on the social and economic conditions of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis and Inuit aged 6 years and over. The 2012 APS represents the fourth cycle of the survey and focuses on issues of education, employment and health.

    The 2012 APS Concepts and Methods Guide is designed to assist data users by providing relevant information on survey content and concepts, sampling design, collection methods, data processing, data quality and product availability. Chapter 1 introduces the survey's background and objectives; Chapter 2 gives important definitions and describes the survey's themes; Chapters 3 through 5 explain the APS design and outline the data collection and processing steps; Chapter 6 describes the weighting method used; Chapters 7 and 8 review data quality and address comparability of the 2012 APS data with data from other sources; Chapter 9 lists survey products including analytical articles, data tables and reference material; Appendices provide additional definitions and links to other relevant documentation.

    Release date: 2014-02-20
  • 2. Concepts and Methods Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-637-X2008003
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This guide is intended to help data users understand the concepts and methods used in the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), which was conducted from October 2006 to March 2007.

    Technical details on sampling, processing and data quality are included in this guide. Further, the guide explains the relationship between the APS and the 2006 Census and cautions users as to important differences in the data produced from these two sources. Appendix 1 provides a list of communities for which data are available while Appendix 2 contains a glossary of terms that relate to the APS. Answers to some frequently asked questions are provided in Appendix 3. Links to the 2006 APS questionnaires are found in Appendix 4.

    Release date: 2009-01-16
  • 3. How Statistics Canada Identifies Aboriginal Peoples Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-592-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This reference document presents an overview of the different questions used by Statistics Canada to identify Aboriginal peoples. It is divided into three parts. Part one is a brief description of the data sources and their limitations. Part 2 deals with the 2006 census questions used to identify Aboriginal peoples while Part 3 deals with the identification questions used in the Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS) and the Aboriginal Children's Survey (ACS).

    Release date: 2007-06-07
  • 4. Aboriginal Peoples Survey 2001: Concepts and Methods Guide Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-591-X
    Description:

    The purpose of this document is to provide users with a discussion of the concepts and definitions used in the 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, which was conducted in the fall of 2001 through to the spring of 2002. Technical details on sampling, processing, data quality, etc. are also included. The guide explains the relationship between the Aboriginal Peoples Survey and the 2001 Census and cautions users as to important differences in the data produced from the two sources. A list of products is also included.

    Release date: 2003-09-24
Report a problem or mistake on this page
Date modified:

Search help

How do I use the filters and the search box?

  • You can initiate a search by entering keywords or selecting filters (e.g., under Subject, Geography, etc.) on the left side of the page.

  • Filters can be used together or in any combination. Each time you select a filter, the results on the page are updated.

  • To start a new search, click on the Clear all button above the search box or deselect each filter.

  • Specified keywords and filters appear above the search box. You can deselect any or all the tags to refine or clear your search.

How do I refine my search?

  • You can enter keywords in the search box. It is not necessary to use “+” or “, “ or “AND”.

  • You can delete some or all of the keywords from your search string.

  • Quotes around keywords limit the search to a specific phrase.

    • For example, “labour force survey” will limit results to products containing this phrase.

  • Use “or” between keywords to obtain results that contain one or more search terms.

    • For example, labour or­ force or survey will limit results to products containing any or all of these words.

How does the search work?

  • This search looks for results that have your query term in the title, description, subject, geography, product number or other information about the product.

    • For example, when searching the term ‘Diseases’, all results with the word ‘Diseases’ in the title, description or tagged the subject appear.

  • The text within an article or publication are not searched. For full text searching of articles, use the site search.

Sort help

How are the results ordered?

The Sort by feature provides three options:

  • By date – sorts results by product release date starting with the most recent.
  • By relevance is only needed or beneficial when you use the search box and submit a search query. Results are ordered by a combination of where the search term appears in the content, e.g., if it appears in the title, it likely means the product is more relevant to your search; how up to date or new the content in the product is; how popular the product is; and other factors.
  • By title – sorts results alphabetically.

Sort help

How are the results ordered?

The Sort by feature provides four options:

  • By date – sorts results by product release date starting with the most recent.
  • By most popular – gives priority to results that are most frequently selected by users, followed by the most recent.
  • By relevance is only needed or beneficial when you use the search box and submit a search query. Results are ordered by a combination of where the search term appears in the content, e.g., if it appears in the title, it likely means the product is more relevant to your search; how up to date or new the content in the product is; how popular the product is; and other factors.
  • By title – sorts results alphabetically.