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All (2,498)

All (2,498) (0 to 10 of 2,498 results)

  • Journals and periodicals: 12-206-X
    Description: This report summarizes the annual achievements of the Methodology Research and Development Program (MRDP) sponsored by the Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science Branch at Statistics Canada. This program covers research and development activities in statistical methods with potentially broad application in the agency’s statistical programs; these activities would otherwise be less likely to be carried out during the provision of regular methodology services to those programs. The MRDP also includes activities that provide support in the application of past successful developments in order to promote the use of the results of research and development work. Selected prospective research activities are also presented.
    Release date: 2026-10-08

  • Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026002
    Description: In this video, we will focus on three main ideas: the point estimate, the margin of error and the confidence level.
    Release date: 2026-10-07

  • Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026003
    Description: In this video, we’ll use confidence intervals to compare two groups. Our goal is to avoid bold claims that the data can’t actually support.
    Release date: 2026-10-07

  • Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026004
    Description: In this final segment, we examine a key question: what determines the width of a confidence interval? The three elements that drive how wide or narrow a confidence interval will be: the confidence level, the variability in the population, and the size of the sample.
    Release date: 2026-10-07

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-X
    Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.
    Release date: 2026-09-23

  • Journals and periodicals: 92F0138M
    Description: The Geography working paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics covering conceptual, methodological or technical work to support the development and dissemination of the division's data, products and services. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the Geography Division with comments and suggestions.
    Release date: 2026-08-05

  • Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026001
    Description: In this video you will learn about the steps and activities in the data journey. The data journey represents the key stages of the data process. The journey is not necessarily linear. It is intended to represent the different steps and activities that could be undertaken to produce meaningful information from data. Not everyone who uses data will do all of these steps.
    Release date: 2026-07-09

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100001
    Description: Wayne A. Fuller is a leading figure in statistics whose career at Iowa State University (ISU) began in 1959; he is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Statistics and Economics. This article briefly recounts his early life and training in agricultural economics at ISU and highlights influential contributions spanning time series analysis, measurement error models, and survey sampling. It documents his impact through seminal textbooks, methodological advances such as the Dickey-Fuller test and regression estimation, sustained work on major operational surveys (e.g., the National Resources Inventory), and mentorship of many graduate students. The article includes an interview conducted on May 20th, 2025, at Professor Fuller’s home.
    Release date: 2026-06-29

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
    Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
    Release date: 2026-06-29

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2026-06-26

  • Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2026-06-26

  • Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12

  • Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21

  • Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22

  • Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30

  • Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21

  • Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08

  • Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29

  • Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,054)

Analysis (2,054) (40 to 50 of 2,054 results)

  • Articles and reports: 75-005-M2025001
    Description: Since 2010, engaging Canadians to participate in the LFS has become more challenging due to a variety of social and technological changes. The decline in the LFS response rate accelerated in 2020, exacerbated by public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technical paper presents preliminary results of two collection initiatives implemented using an online first strategy to improve the LFS response rates by confirming respondent contact information and expanding the availability of online response. Through these and other planned initiatives, Statistics Canada is working to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.
    Release date: 2025-10-21

  • Articles and reports: 18-001-X2025001
    Description: This paper brings the analysis of business cluster to a more granular geographic scale by developing a methodology for identifying business clusters at the neighborhood level. The proposed method identifies clusters of businesses at the DB level, which is one of the most granular spatial units of analysis defined by Statistics Canada. The method is developed with an application to four census metropolitan areas (CMAs) of different sizes and for different industry cluster specifications, including simple 2-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) groups as well as industry clusters resulting from groupings of NAICS codes, as defined by Delgado et al. (2014).
    Release date: 2025-10-10

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100001
    Description: Synthetic data generation (SDG) is increasingly applied across sectors for privacy-preserving data sharing, de-biasing and augmentation. Each use case requires a distinct set of evaluation metrics that must account for the stochasticity of the SDG process: membership and attribute disclosure vulnerability are critical for privacy; fidelity and downstream task utility apply more broadly; and fairness and diversity are relevant for de-biasing and augmentation, respectively. Presenting accumulated evidence and through exemplar case studies, it is shown that SDG can perform well across many of these use cases and our key learnings from our experiences with synthetic health data are shared.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100002
    Description: Under the consumer-merchant bipartite network, we apply the indirect sampling approach to estimate merchant payment acceptance through a consumer payment diary. The records of in-person transactions in the consumer diary provide both the merchant sample via consumer-merchant linkages, and the merchant acceptance via consumers' responses on methods of payments used and accepted. Among merchants receiving multiple transactions during the period of the diary, we show that the derived payment acceptance from the consumer reporting is high quality in terms of very few conflicts between usage and perception, and within perceptions. Therefore, consumers are leveraged to be both sampling and reporting units in our indirect sampling application to eliminate merchant response burden. Furthermore, the necessity to proceed to weight adjustment to account for the non-recorded-merchant bias due to the relatively shorter duration of the diary (i.e., 3 days) is shown. Finally, these indirect sampling estimates are compared to the ones from a direct sampling survey, and it is found that the results are aligning well.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100003
    Description: In-person data collection is critical for the success of many large government-sponsored surveys. Despite response rate declines and increasing costs, the mode remains the gold standard for meeting the most rigorous survey requirements for federal survey programs, particularly as part of a multimode data collection strategy (Schober, 2018). However, over the last ten years critical labor market and workforce changes, exacerbated by the pandemic, have made in-person data collection efforts prohibitive for all but the largest survey organizations. Shifting ideas about job flexibility and job satisfaction alongside the increasingly technical role and demanding nature of the job have impacted recruitment and retention for survey organizations across the U.S. and Europe (Charman et al., 2024). The trends in U.S. field data collector employment are summarized and it is outlined that there are promising practices in recruiting and retaining high quality field data collectors. Additionally, broader ways to structure the field data collector labor force for continued success are considered, including supplementing field data collection with multimode alternatives such as video interviewing and updating value propositions for respondents.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100004
    Description: The Survey of Household Spending (SHS) conducted by Statistics Canada collects paper diaries and shopping receipts as a source of household expenditure data. An auto-capturing algorithm was created for SHS 2023 to reduce statistical clerks' manual work of extracting important information from scanned receipts of common store brands. The algorithm used Tesseract optical character recognition (OCR) to extract text characters from images of receipts, and it identified store and product entities using regular expressions, also known as regex. The goal of this study was to enhance the current auto-capture algorithm by experimenting with more advanced OCR and machine learning methods. As a result, PaddleOCR, an open-source OCR toolkit, was selected as the new default OCR engine due to its overall performance in recognizing texts, especially digits, accurately across receipts of various qualities. Additionally, entity classifiers based on support vector machines were trained on historical SHS records and existing regex patterns. By using classifiers to categorize different elements present on receipts instead of relying solely on regex patterns, product and store recognition improved. It is expected that this new algorithm will be used for SHS 2025 to improve the auto-capture quality and reduce the manual burden associated with capturing receipt variables.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100005
    Description: The Physical Flow Account for Plastic Material (PFAPM) aims to enhance environmental-economic analysis by tracking plastic material flows within the Canadian economy. To help streamline this complex process, the project leveraged advanced natural language processing (NLP) such as large language models (LLM) techniques to automate sector classification and summarize the impact of COVID-19 from company reports. By integrating machine learning models and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods, the manual workload was significantly reduced, improving data analysis efficiency, and leading to higher quality insights.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100006
    Description: Small area estimation is frequently used to produce estimates at a disaggregated level where direct survey estimation does not have sufficient sample to produce precise estimates. Often this is done using the area-level Fay-Herriot model, by assuming the direct estimates are independent under the design and have a known variance, and applying a smoothing process to the variance estimates of the direct estimates to better meet that last assumption. It is not rare that small area estimates are benchmarked/raked to aggregated level direct estimates. This article shows that wrongly assuming independence can have a big impact on the MSE of the raked estimates. Values of the covariances between direct estimates are thus required for good point and MSE estimates. Getting good estimates of those covariances is difficult given the small sample sizes in some areas. An original way of deriving values for those covariances, by reverse-engineering a hypothetical raking process, is presented.
    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100007
    Description: This paper employs the Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) estimator to the non-probability two-phase sampling when relevant auxiliary information is available from both probability survey sample and non-probability survey sample. To accommodate various weight adjustments and estimates variance beyond totals and means such as medians and quantiles, a simplified pseudo-population bootstrap procedure is proposed to approximately estimate the second-phase variance. Specifically, the simplification ignores the second phase sampling variability (i.e., treated as fixed, while in fact it is random), if the first-phase sampling fraction of the non-probability sample is negligible. Using the Bank of Canada 2020 Cash Alternative Survey Wave 2, the performance of the proposed method is compared to alternative methods, which either do not explicitly model the selection probability (i.e., raking) or ignore the valuable information from Phase 1 (i.e., Phase-2-Only). The results show that the PML-based approach performs better than raking and Phase-2-Only estimates in terms of reducing the selection bias for both phases' payment-related variables, especially for the low-response youth group. Estimated variances of the PML-based estimates are stable.

    Release date: 2025-09-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100008
    Description: In 2020, Statistics Canada started to use probabilistic web panels as an alternate method of collecting official statistics. In a web panel, respondents to another survey are asked for contact information to participate in future short surveys. This paper will highlight Statistics Canada's experience with panels after 4 years, including what has been learned about the recruitment of panel participants and how to subsequently collect data using panel surveys. The ways in which recruitment questions are presented can result in very different rates of participation. Moreover, the wealth of auxiliary information available on the recruitment survey can be used to actively manage panel collection operations, by predicting the probability of response and using this information to target follow-up efforts.
    Release date: 2025-09-08
Reference (382)

Reference (382) (50 to 60 of 382 results)

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2017007
    Description:

    The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 30 years. The IMDB combines administrative files on immigrant admissions and non-permanent resident permits from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) with tax files from the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA). Information is available for immigrant taxfilers admitted since 1980. Tax records for 1982 and subsequent years are available for immigrant taxfilers.

    This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

    Release date: 2017-06-16

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-586-X
    Description:

    The Quality Assurance Framework (QAF) serves as the highest-level governance tool for quality management at Statistics Canada. The QAF gives an overview of the quality management and risk mitigation strategies used by the Agency’s program areas. The QAF is used in conjunction with Statistics Canada management practices, such as those described in the Quality Guidelines.

    Release date: 2017-04-21

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91F0015M2016012
    Description:

    This article provides information on using family-related variables from the microdata files of Canada’s Census of Population. These files exist internally at Statistics Canada, in the Research Data Centres (RDCs), and as public-use microdata files (PUMFs). This article explains certain technical aspects of all three versions, including the creation of multi-level variables for analytical purposes.

    Release date: 2016-12-22

  • Notices and consultations: 92-140-X2016001
    Description:

    The 2016 Census Program Content Test was conducted from May 2 to June 30, 2014. The Test was designed to assess the impact of any proposed content changes to the 2016 Census Program and to measure the impact of including a social insurance number (SIN) question on the data quality.

    This quantitative test used a split-panel design involving 55,000 dwellings, divided into 11 panels of 5,000 dwellings each: five panels were dedicated to the Content Test while the remaining six panels were for the SIN Test. Two models of test questionnaires were developed to meet the objectives, namely a model with all the proposed changes EXCEPT the SIN question and a model with all the proposed changes INCLUDING the SIN question. A third model of 'control' questionnaire with the 2011 content was also developed. The population living in a private dwelling in mail-out areas in one of the ten provinces was targeted for the test. Paper and electronic response channels were part of the Test as well.

    This report presents the Test objectives, the design and a summary of the analysis in order to determine potential content for the 2016 Census Program. Results from the data analysis of the Test were not the only elements used to determine the content for 2016. Other elements were also considered, such as response burden, comparison over time and users’ needs.

    Release date: 2016-04-01

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014706
    Description:

    Over the last decade, Statistics Canada’s Producer Prices Division has expanded its service producer price indexes program and continued to improve its goods and construction producer price indexes program. While the majority of price indexes are based on traditional survey methods, efforts were made to increase the use of administrative data and alternative data sources in order to reduce burden on our respondents. This paper focuses mainly on producer price programs, but also provides information on the growing importance of alternative data sources at Statistics Canada. In addition, it presents the operational challenges and risks that statistical offices could face when relying more and more on third-party outputs. Finally, it presents the tools being developed to integrate alternative data while collecting metadata.

    Release date: 2016-03-24

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014707
    Description:

    The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a monthly household survey of about 56,000 households that provides information on the Canadian labour market. Audit Trail is a Blaise programming option, for surveys like LFS with Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI), which creates files containing every keystroke and edit and timestamp of every data collection attempt on all households. Combining such a large survey with such a complete source of paradata opens the door to in-depth data quality analysis but also quickly leads to Big Data challenges. How can meaningful information be extracted from this large set of keystrokes and timestamps? How can it help assess the quality of LFS data collection? The presentation will describe some of the challenges that were encountered, solutions that were used to address them, and results of the analysis on data quality.

    Release date: 2016-03-24

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014708
    Description:

    Statistics Canada’s Household Survey Frames (HSF) Programme provides various universe files that can be used alone or in combination to improve survey design, sampling, collection, and processing in the traditional “need to contact a household model.” Even as surveys are migrating onto these core suite of products, the HSF is starting to plan the changes to infrastructure, organisation, and linkages with other data assets in Statistics Canada that will help enable a shift to increased use of a wide variety of administrative data as input to the social statistics programme. The presentation will provide an overview of the HSF Programme, foundational concepts that will need to be implemented to expand linkage potential, and will identify strategic research being under-taken toward 2021.

    Release date: 2016-03-24

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014710
    Description:

    The Data Warehouse has modernized the way the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts (MEA) are produced and analyzed today. Its continuing evolution facilitates the amounts and types of analytical work that is done within the MEA. It brings in the needed element of harmonization and confrontation as the macroeconomic accounts move toward full integration. The improvements in quality, transparency, and timeliness have strengthened the statistics that are being disseminated.

    Release date: 2016-03-24

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014716
    Description:

    Administrative data, depending on its source and original purpose, can be considered a more reliable source of information than survey-collected data. It does not require a respondent to be present and understand question wording, and it is not limited by the respondent’s ability to recall events retrospectively. This paper compares selected survey data, such as demographic variables, from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) to various administrative sources for which LISA has linkage agreements in place. The agreement between data sources, and some factors that might affect it, are analyzed for various aspects of the survey.

    Release date: 2016-03-24

  • Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014717
    Description:

    Files with linked data from the Statistics Canada, Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and tax data can be used to examine the trajectories of students who pursue postsecondary education (PSE) programs and their post-schooling labour market outcomes. On one hand, administrative data on students linked longitudinally can provide aggregate information on student pathways during postsecondary studies such as persistence rates, graduation rates, mobility, etc. On the other hand, the tax data could supplement the PSIS data to provide information on employment outcomes such as average and median earnings or earnings progress by employment sector (industry), field of study, education level and/or other demographic information, year over year after graduation. Two longitudinal pilot studies have been done using administrative data on postsecondary students of Maritimes institutions which have been longitudinally linked and linked to Statistics Canada Ttx data (the T1 Family File) for relevant years. This article first focuses on the quality of information in the administrative data and the methodology used to conduct these longitudinal studies and derive indicators. Second, it will focus on some limitations when using administrative data, rather than a survey, to define some concepts.

    Release date: 2016-03-24