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All (2,498)

All (2,498) (0 to 10 of 2,498 results)

  • 1. Confidence Intervals Part 1: Uncertainty in Estimation
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026002
    Description: In this video, we will focus on three main ideas: the point estimate, the margin of error and the confidence level.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 2. Confidence Intervals Part 2: Comparing Two Groups
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026003
    Description: In this video, we’ll use confidence intervals to compare two groups. Our goal is to avoid bold claims that the data can’t actually support.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 3. Confidence Intervals Part 3: Factors Affecting the Width of a Confidence Interval
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026004
    Description: In this final segment, we examine a key question: what determines the width of a confidence interval? The three elements that drive how wide or narrow a confidence interval will be: the confidence level, the variability in the population, and the size of the sample.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 4. Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-X
    Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.
    Release date: 2026-09-23
  • 5. Geography Working Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 92F0138M
    Description: The Geography working paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics covering conceptual, methodological or technical work to support the development and dissemination of the division's data, products and services. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the Geography Division with comments and suggestions.
    Release date: 2026-08-05
  • 6. An Introduction to the Data Journey
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026001
    Description: In this video you will learn about the steps and activities in the data journey. The data journey represents the key stages of the data process. The journey is not necessarily linear. It is intended to represent the different steps and activities that could be undertaken to produce meaningful information from data. Not everyone who uses data will do all of these steps.
    Release date: 2026-07-09
  • 7. A conversation with Wayne A. Fuller
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100001
    Description: Wayne A. Fuller is a leading figure in statistics whose career at Iowa State University (ISU) began in 1959; he is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Statistics and Economics. This article briefly recounts his early life and training in agricultural economics at ISU and highlights influential contributions spanning time series analysis, measurement error models, and survey sampling. It documents his impact through seminal textbooks, methodological advances such as the Dickey-Fuller test and regression estimation, sustained work on major operational surveys (e.g., the National Resources Inventory), and mentorship of many graduate students. The article includes an interview conducted on May 20th, 2025, at Professor Fuller’s home.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 8. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys using design weights and auxiliary margins
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
    Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 9. Exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 10. Comparing two common approaches to within-household sampling: A field experiment in Costa Rica
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100004
    Description: We test the notion that a quasi-probabilistic method of selecting individuals within households (last birthday, LB) draws in a different sample compared to a non-probabilistic approach that selects respondents according to known parameters on age and gender (frequency matching, FM). With data from an original field experiment, we evaluate fieldwork efficiency (time and completed cases), economy (cost), success in recruiting a representative sample, and differences across a set of attitudinal and behavioral measures. We find that the FM approach performs better on efficiency and cost and achieves a comparable sample; importantly, this comparability extends across measures of personality traits and public opinion. With appropriate caveats, we conclude that researchers’ choice of selection methods should be guided by both theoretical benefits and practical tradeoffs.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2026-06-26
  • 2. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2026-06-26
  • 3. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,054)

Analysis (2,054) (30 to 40 of 2,054 results)

  • 31. Integrating probability and non-probability samples through deep learning-based mass imputation
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200007
    Description: Although probability samples have been regarded as the gold standard to collect information for population-based study, non-probability samples have been used frequently in practice due to low cost, convenience, and the lack of the sampling frame for the survey. Naïve estimates based on non-probability samples without any adjustments may be misleading due to selection bias. Recently, a valid data integration approach that includes mass imputation, propensity score weighting, and calibration has been used to improve the representativeness of non-probability samples. The effectiveness of the mass imputation approach depends on the underlying model assumptions. In this paper, we propose using deep learning for the mass imputation in the combining of probability and non-probability samples and compare it with several modern machine learning-based mass imputation approaches, including generalized additive modeling, regression tree, random forest, and XG-boosting. In the simulation study, deep learning-based approaches have been shown to be more robust and effective than other mass imputation approaches against the failure of underlying model assumptions under non-linearity scenarios.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 32. Generalized regression estimation under misspecified sample design
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200008
    Description: Classical design-based survey estimation relies on a properly specified sampling design for valid inference. We consider the properties of regression estimation under a misspecified sample design, in which the nominal and true inclusion probabilities do not necessarily match. This general misspecified sample design setting encompasses many challenges in the modern survey environment. Under this setting, an asymptotic analysis of the regression estimator, an expression of the bias, and an expression of the variance are presented. Further, a consistent variance estimator is derived and an expression which estimates the bias in-part or in-whole is discussed. This later expression may be used as an indicator of the presence of bias due to misspecification by a practitioner. A simulation study is conducted to support the presented theory.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 33. Improved small area inference from data integration using global-local priors
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200009
    Description: We present and apply methodology to improve inference for small area parameters by using data from several sources. This work extends Cahoy and Sedransk (2023) who showed how to integrate summary statistics from several sources. Our methodology uses hierarchical global-local prior distributions to make inferences for the proportion of individuals in Florida’s counties who do not have health insurance. Results from an extensive simulation study show that this methodology will provide improved inference by using several data sources. Among the five model variants evaluated the ones using horseshoe priors for all variances have better performance than the ones using lasso priors for the local variances.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 34. Performance of hierarchical Bayes small area estimators using noninformative and informative priors with an application to the Canadian Labor Force Survey
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200010
    Description: In this paper, we study the performance of hierarchical Bayes (HB) small area estimators using noninformative and informative priors. We apply the Bayesian models of You and Chapman (2006) and You (2021) to the Canadian Labor Force Survey (LFS) data and evaluate the impact of the priors on the HB estimators. A Bayesian model comparison and simulation study are also conducted. Our results indicate that a correct informative prior can lead to very good results, and noninformative priors can also perform very well. Incorrect informative priors can lead to poor results in terms of large bias and large coefficient of variation (CV). Noninformative priors are recommended in practice for HB small area estimation unless correctly specified informative priors are available. Informative priors are particularly useful when the number of small areas is relatively small.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 35. Approximate hierarchical Bayes small area estimation using Natural Exponential Family with Quadratic Variance Function and poststratification
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200011
    Description: We propose an approximate hierarchical Bayes approach that uses the Natural Exponential Family with Quadratic Variance Function (NEF-QVF) in combining information from multiple sources to improve traditional survey estimates of finite population means for small areas. Unlike other Bayesian approaches in finite population sampling, we do not assume a model for all units of the finite population and do not require linking sampled units to the finite population frame. We assume a model only for the finite population units in which the outcome variable is observed; because, for these units, the assumed model can be checked using existing statistical tools. We do not posit an elaborate model on the true means for unobserved units. Instead, we assume that population means of cells with the same combination of factor levels are identical across small areas, and that the population mean for a cell is identical to the mean of the observed units in that cell. We apply our proposed methodology to a real-life survey, linking information from multiple disparate data sources. We also provide practical ways of model selection that can be applied to a wider class of models under similar setting but for a diverse range of scientific problems.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 36. Modified observed best prediction strategies for small area estimation with unit-level data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200012
    Description: The observed best prediction (OBP) under a nested-error regression (NER) model was previously proposed using a design-based mean squared prediction error (MSPE) as a tool to derive the best predictive estimator (BPE). A recent study showed the OBP under the NER model may suffer from numerical instability when computing the BPE. We propose several modifications of the OBP under the NER model, including ones using a model-based MSPE to derive the BPE, to improve the numerical stability and predictive performance. We compare the performance of the modified OBP strategies with the existing methods in a simulation study. A real-data example is discussed.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 37. Sampling for business surveys at Statistics Canada
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200013
    Description: This article examines the methodological complexities associated with the design of business surveys, with particular emphasis on sampling strategies implemented by National Statistical Offices (NSOs). It addresses the inherent challenges posed by the dynamic nature of the business population, which necessitates continual updates to the sampling frame to ensure representativeness and relevance. Critical design considerations include the determination of optimal sample sizes, stratification across key dimensions such as industry, geographic region, and enterprise size, as well as the treatment of business births and the exclusion of inactive (or “dead”) units. The article applies Bankier’s (1988) power allocation method to a two-way stratification scheme defined by industry and geography, evaluating its performance by comparing the resulting coefficients of variation with those obtained via a raking algorithm applied to the marginal coefficients. Furthermore, the approach is extended to a multivariate context to accommodate multiple estimation domains. The discussion also encompasses practical issues related to sample rotation and coordination, which are critical for maintaining data quality and minimizing respondent burden over time.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 38. Modelling the Impact of Immigration on Student Numbers
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2025005
    Description: This study presents an approach to model changes in the numbers of elementary, secondary and postsecondary students who are immigrants (including both permanent residents and non permanent residents) in response to changes in overall immigration levels.
    Release date: 2025-12-22
  • 39. Fighting Misinformation
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062025001
    Description: This video is designed to help you critically assess the data presented to you. No data is perfect. By understanding the strengths and limitations of the data, you can avoid being misled—and make smarter, more informed decisions.
    Release date: 2025-12-15
  • 40. Adapting to change: Online first collection initiatives to improve the Labour Force Survey response rate
    Articles and reports: 75-005-M2025001
    Description: Since 2010, engaging Canadians to participate in the LFS has become more challenging due to a variety of social and technological changes. The decline in the LFS response rate accelerated in 2020, exacerbated by public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This technical paper presents preliminary results of two collection initiatives implemented using an online first strategy to improve the LFS response rates by confirming respondent contact information and expanding the availability of online response. Through these and other planned initiatives, Statistics Canada is working to ensure that the LFS estimates continue to provide an accurate and representative portrait of the Canadian labour market.
    Release date: 2025-10-21
Reference (382)

Reference (382) (30 to 40 of 382 results)

  • 31. Statistics: Power from Data!
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-004-X
    Description:

    Statistics: Power from Data! is a web resource that was created in 2001 to assist secondary students and teachers of Mathematics and Information Studies in getting the most from statistics. Over the past 20 years, this product has become one of Statistics Canada most popular references for students, teachers, and many other members of the general population. This product was last updated in 2021.

    Release date: 2021-09-02
  • 32. Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development, 2021 to 2023 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021005
    Description:

    The Analytical Studies and Modelling Branch (ASMB) is the research arm of Statistics Canada mandated to provide high-quality, relevant and timely information on economic, health and social issues that are important to Canadians. The branch strategically makes use of expert knowledge and a broad range of data sources and modelling techniques to address the information needs of a broad range of government, academic and public sector partners and stakeholders through analysis and research, modeling and predictive analytics, and data development. The branch strives to deliver relevant, high-quality, timely, comprehensive, horizontal and integrated research and to enable the use of its research through capacity building and strategic dissemination to meet the user needs of policy makers, academics and the general public.

    This Multi-year Consolidated Plan for Research, Modelling and Data Development outlines the priorities for the branch over the next two years.

    Release date: 2021-08-12
  • 33. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2019 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021002
    Description:

    The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

    Release date: 2021-02-01
  • 34. Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) Technical Report, 2018 Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2019005
    Description:

    The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.

    The IMDB was released in stages. The sections 2.2 and 7 of this report were revised to take the updates into account.

    Release date: 2020-07-20
  • 35. Painting a Portrait of Canada: The 2021 Census of Population
    Notices and consultations: 98-26-0001
    Description:

    This white paper presents Statistics Canada’s planned approach to the 2021 Census of Population and provides a clear explanation of the processes behind the census program, touching on historical, legal, operational and content aspects. Statistics Canada recognizes that it is important to not only successfully conduct the census, but also to be transparent and informative about the way in which those efforts are accomplished. Painting a Portrait of Canada: The 2021 Census of Population gives readers an exclusive, detailed look at how census data is collected, analyzed and given back to Canadians, in the form of high-quality statistical information, used to make evidence-based decisions in Canadian society.

    Release date: 2020-07-20
  • 36. 2019 Census Content Test: Design and methodology Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00012020020
    Description: This fact sheet provides detailed insight into the design and methodology of the content test component of the 2019 Census Test. This test evaluated changes to the wording and flow of some questions, as well as the potential addition of new questions, to help determine the content of the 2021 Census of Population.
    Release date: 2020-07-20
  • 37. Statistics Canada Data Strategy
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-26-0003
    Description:

    Statistics Canada Data Strategy (SCDS) provides a course of action for managing and leveraging the agency’s data assets to ensure their optimal use and value while maintaining public trust. As Statistics Canada is the nation’s trusted provider of high-quality data and information to support evidence-based policy and decision making, the SCDS also naturally includes the agency’s plan for providing support and data expertise to other government organizations (federal, provincial and territorial), non-governmental organizations, the private sector, academia, and other national and international communities).

    The SCDS provides a roadmap for how Statistics Canada will continue to govern and manage its valuable data assets as part of its modernization agenda and in alignment with and response to other federal government strategies and initiatives. These federal strategies include the Data Strategy for the Federal Public Service, Canada’s 2018-2020 National Action Plan on Open Government, and the Treasury Board Secretariat Digital Operations Strategic Plan: 2018-2022.

    Release date: 2020-04-30
  • 38. Sources and Methods: Capital Investment in Infrastructure
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 34-26-0002
    Description:

    As of reference year 2018, the Annual Capital and Repair Expenditures Survey (CAPEX) has added additional content allowing to produce estimates of capital and repair expenditures on infrastructure assets. In addition to the existing content, the new questionnaire asks for a breakdown of expenditures by function (or purpose) as well as the source of funding of capital expenditures from government grants and subsidies.

    This product will decribe the sources and methods used to produce capital and repair expenditure estimates specific to infrastructure assets by function.

    Release date: 2020-04-01
  • 39. First-time homebuyer concept: Technical reference note Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2020001
    Description:

    This note provides the definition of a first-time homebuyer concept used in the 2018 Canadian Housing Survey (CHS). It also includes the methodology used to identify first-time homebuyers and provides sensitivity analysis under alternative methodologies.

    Release date: 2020-01-15
  • 40. Statistics Canada Quality Guidelines
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 12-539-X
    Description:

    This document brings together guidelines and checklists on many issues that need to be considered in the pursuit of quality objectives in the execution of statistical activities. Its focus is on how to assure quality through effective and appropriate design or redesign of a statistical project or program from inception through to data evaluation, dissemination and documentation. These guidelines draw on the collective knowledge and experience of many Statistics Canada employees. It is expected that Quality Guidelines will be useful to staff engaged in the planning and design of surveys and other statistical projects, as well as to those who evaluate and analyze the outputs of these projects.

    Release date: 2019-12-04

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