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All (2,498)

All (2,498) (0 to 10 of 2,498 results)

  • 1. Confidence Intervals Part 1: Uncertainty in Estimation
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026002
    Description: In this video, we will focus on three main ideas: the point estimate, the margin of error and the confidence level.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 2. Confidence Intervals Part 2: Comparing Two Groups
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026003
    Description: In this video, we’ll use confidence intervals to compare two groups. Our goal is to avoid bold claims that the data can’t actually support.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 3. Confidence Intervals Part 3: Factors Affecting the Width of a Confidence Interval
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026004
    Description: In this final segment, we examine a key question: what determines the width of a confidence interval? The three elements that drive how wide or narrow a confidence interval will be: the confidence level, the variability in the population, and the size of the sample.
    Release date: 2026-10-07
  • 4. Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91-528-X
    Description: The Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada provides detailed descriptions of the most current data sources and methods used by the Centre for demography at Statistics Canada to produce demographic estimates as part of the Demographic estimates program. They comprise postcensal and intercensal population estimates; base population; births and deaths; immigrants; emigrants; returning emigrants; non-permanent residents; interprovincial migration; subprovincial estimates of population and intraprovincial migration; population estimates by age and gender; and census family estimates. A glossary of commonly used terms is available at the end of the guide.
    Release date: 2026-09-23
  • 5. Geography Working Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 92F0138M
    Description: The Geography working paper series is intended to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics covering conceptual, methodological or technical work to support the development and dissemination of the division's data, products and services. Readers of the series are encouraged to contact the Geography Division with comments and suggestions.
    Release date: 2026-08-05
  • 6. An Introduction to the Data Journey
    Stats in brief: 89-20-00062026001
    Description: In this video you will learn about the steps and activities in the data journey. The data journey represents the key stages of the data process. The journey is not necessarily linear. It is intended to represent the different steps and activities that could be undertaken to produce meaningful information from data. Not everyone who uses data will do all of these steps.
    Release date: 2026-07-09
  • 7. A conversation with Wayne A. Fuller
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100001
    Description: Wayne A. Fuller is a leading figure in statistics whose career at Iowa State University (ISU) began in 1959; he is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Statistics and Economics. This article briefly recounts his early life and training in agricultural economics at ISU and highlights influential contributions spanning time series analysis, measurement error models, and survey sampling. It documents his impact through seminal textbooks, methodological advances such as the Dickey-Fuller test and regression estimation, sustained work on major operational surveys (e.g., the National Resources Inventory), and mentorship of many graduate students. The article includes an interview conducted on May 20th, 2025, at Professor Fuller’s home.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 8. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys using design weights and auxiliary margins
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100002
    Description: Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the target population. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can leverage these distributions in multiple imputation for nonignorable unit nonresponse, generating imputations that result in plausible completed-data estimates for the variables with known margins. However, this prior work does not use the design weights for unit nonrespondents. We extend this previous work to utilize the design weights for all sampled units. We illustrate the approach using simulation studies.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 9. Exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100003
    Description: Probability-proportional-to-size sampling is widely used by national statistical offices. Here population units are selected with probabilities proportional to an auxiliary variable. Variance formulas in such designs require both first- and second-order inclusion probabilities. The computation of second-order inclusion probabilities is particularly challenging for large populations, and has been the subject of extensive research. This article presents some new exact and approximation formulas for second-order inclusion probabilities in randomized systematic sampling with unequal probabilities and without replacement.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
  • 10. Comparing two common approaches to within-household sampling: A field experiment in Costa Rica
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202600100004
    Description: We test the notion that a quasi-probabilistic method of selecting individuals within households (last birthday, LB) draws in a different sample compared to a non-probabilistic approach that selects respondents according to known parameters on age and gender (frequency matching, FM). With data from an original field experiment, we evaluate fieldwork efficiency (time and completed cases), economy (cost), success in recruiting a representative sample, and differences across a set of attitudinal and behavioral measures. We find that the FM approach performs better on efficiency and cost and achieves a comparable sample; importantly, this comparability extends across measures of personality traits and public opinion. With appropriate caveats, we conclude that researchers’ choice of selection methods should be guided by both theoretical benefits and practical tradeoffs.
    Release date: 2026-06-29
Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

  • 1. National Address Register
    Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
    Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
    Release date: 2026-06-26
  • 2. PASSAGES microsimulation model
    Table: 89-26-0006
    Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
    Release date: 2026-06-26
  • 3. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
    Public use microdata: 89F0002X
    Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
    Release date: 2026-02-12
  • 4. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
    Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
    Release date: 2024-08-21
  • 5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
  • 6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
    Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
    Release date: 2019-10-30
  • 7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
    Table: 53-500-X
    Description:

    This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.

    Release date: 2004-10-21
  • 8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
    Table: 13-220-X
    Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
    Release date: 2003-01-08
  • 9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
    Table: 11-516-X
    Description:

    The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.

    The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).

    Release date: 1999-07-29
  • 10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
    Table: 82-567-X
    Description:

    The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.

    This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.

    Release date: 1998-07-29
Analysis (2,054)

Analysis (2,054) (20 to 30 of 2,054 results)

  • 21. Quantitative impact analysis: A practical overview
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500003
    Description: This spotlight article outlines practical methods for assessing the economic impacts of public programs delivered by federal agencies and Crown corporations. It summarizes key steps in conducting quantitative impact analysis, including data linkage, cohort construction and implementation of quasi causal estimators.
    Release date: 2026-05-27
  • 22. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2026-05-27
  • 23. Income Research Paper Series
    Journals and periodicals: 75F0002M
    Description: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.
    Release date: 2026-05-20
  • 24. Distributions of Household Economic Accounts, estimates of asset, liability and net worth distributions, 2010 to 2025, technical methodology and quality report
    Articles and reports: 13-604-M2026001
    Description: This documentation outlines the methodology used to develop the Distributions of household economic accounts published in January 2026 for the reference years 2010 to 2025. It describes the framework and the steps implemented to produce distributional information aligned with the National Balance Sheet Accounts and other national accounts concepts. It also includes a report on the quality of the estimated distributions.
    Release date: 2026-01-29
  • 25. Effects of model misspecification on small area estimators
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200001
    Description: Nested error regression models are commonly used to incorporate unit specific auxiliary variables to improve small area estimates. When the mean structure of the model is misspecified, the design-based mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (EBLUP) generally increases. The Observed Best Prediction (OBP) method has been proposed with the intent to improve on the design-based MSPE over EBLUP. In this paper, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation experiments to understand the effect of misspsecification of mean structures on different small area estimators. Our findings suggest that the OBP using unit-level auxiliary variables does not outperform the EBLUP in terms of design-based MSPE, unless the number of small areas m is extremely large. Conversely, the performance of OBP significantly improves when area-level auxiliary variables are employed. This paper includes both analytical and numerical evidence to demonstrate these observations, providing practical insights for addressing model misspecification in small area estimation (SAE).
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 26. Who’s asking? Interviewer effects on unit nonresponse in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200002
    Description: This study examines interviewer effects on household nonresponse in three waves of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) in Austria using a multilevel model. Addressing nonresponse at its source is crucial for maintaining survey data quality and representativeness. Our findings indicate that the variation in response behavior explained by interviewer effects decreased from about one-third in the first wave to 7% in the third wave. Effective interviewers tend to have a university degree, be married, homeowners, and have a larger workload. Additionally, higher mean wages in the household’s municipality negatively affect survey participation. These insights suggest targeted interviewer selection and training strategies to improve response rates.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 27. Estimating monthly indicators for Consumer Confidence using Structural Time Series Models
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200003
    Description: In this paper a model-based inference procedure based on a multivariate structural time series model is developed for the production of monthly figures about consumer confidence. The input for the model are five series of direct estimates for the indices that measure consumer confidence, which are derived from the Dutch Consumer Survey. The model improves the accuracy of the direct estimates, since it provides a better separation of measurement errors and sampling errors from estimated target parameters. The standard errors for the month-to-month changes are clearly smaller under the time series model. A second problem addressed in this paper is related to the transition to a new survey process in 2017. Structural time series models in combination with a parallel run are applied to estimate discontinuities induced by the redesign. An algorithm designed for the consumer confidence variables is developed to construct uninterrupted input series for the aforementioned structural time series model. This inference method facilitated a smooth transition to a new survey design and resulted in uninterrupted series about consumer confidence that date back to 1986. The method is implemented for the production of official monthly figures on consumer confidence in the Netherlands.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 28. Collinearity diagnostics in generalized linear models fitted with survey data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200004
    Description: The class of generalized linear models (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary least squares regression that allows the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and assumes the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value. Multicollinearity in GLMs can inflate variances of the estimated coefficients and cause poor prediction in certain regions of the regression space. It may also cause a nonsignificant Wald statistic even when the predictors are highly predictive in a model of the family of GLMs. Little previous research has closely investigated the diagnostics of multicollinearity in GLMs, especially when complex survey data are used. In this paper, we develop variance inflation factors (VIFs) that measure the amount that the variance of a parameter estimator is increased due to multicollinearity in GLMs. We also extend VIFs and condition indexes to apply to complex survey data, accounting for design features, e.g. weights, clusters, and strata. Illustrations of these methods are given using data from a household survey of health and nutrition.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 29. Quantile balancing inverse probability weighting for non-probability samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200005
    Description: The use of non-probability data sources for statistical purposes and for official statistics has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, statistical inference based on non-probability samples is made more difficult by nature of their biasedness and lack of representativity. In this paper we propose quantile balancing inverse probability weighting estimator (QBIPW) for non-probability samples. We apply the idea of Harms and Duchesne (2006) allowing the use of quantile information in the estimation process to reproduce known totals and the distribution of auxiliary variables. We discuss the estimation of the QBIPW probabilities and its variance. Our simulation study has demonstrated that the proposed estimators are robust against model mis-specification and, as a result, help to reduce bias and mean squared error. Finally, we applied the proposed methods to estimate the share of job vacancies aimed at Ukrainian workers in Poland using an integrated set of administrative and survey data about job vacancies.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
  • 30. Quality indicators for representation in administrative data
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202500200006
    Description: National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) are directing resources into advancing the use of administrative data in official statistics. Administrative data, however, are not developed for the purpose of producing statistics rather as a result of an event or transaction relating to administrative procedures of organizations, public administrations and government agencies. Therefore, it is essential to check the quality of the administrative data with respect to sources of error, particularly representativeness to the target population. In this paper, we utilize the strength of probability-based reference samples or censuses that can be used to detect the lack of representativeness in administrative data and introduce quality indicators based on distance metrics and representativity indicators (R-indicators). We demonstrate their application with a simulation study and discuss a real application applied on a UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) administrative dataset.
    Release date: 2025-12-23
Reference (382)

Reference (382) (60 to 70 of 382 results)

  • 61. Using data linkage to evaluate the consistency of place of residence between census data and tax data Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014725
    Description:

    Tax data are being used more and more to measure and analyze the population and its characteristics. One of the issues raised by the growing use of these type of data relates to the definition of the concept of place of residence. While the census uses the traditional concept of place of residence, tax data provide information based on the mailing address of tax filers. Using record linkage between the census, the National Household Survey and tax data from the T1 Family File, this study examines the consistency level of the place of residence of these two sources and its associated characteristics.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 62. Estimating internal migration: Issues related to using tax data Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014726
    Description:

    Internal migration is one of the components of population growth estimated at Statistics Canada. It is estimated by comparing individuals’ addresses at the beginning and end of a given period. The Canada Child Tax Benefit and T1 Family File are the primary data sources used. Address quality and coverage of more mobile subpopulations are crucial to producing high-quality estimates. The purpose of this article is to present the results of evaluations of these elements using access to more tax data sources at Statistics Canada.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 63. An Overview of Business Record Linkage at Statistics Canada: How to link the “Unlinkable” Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014741
    Description:

    Statistics Canada’s mandate includes producing statistical data to shed light on current business issues. The linking of business records is an important aspect of the development, production, evaluation and analysis of these statistical data. As record linkage can intrude on one’s privacy, Statistics Canada uses it only when the public good is clear and outweighs the intrusion. Record linkage is experiencing a revival triggered by a greater use of administrative data in many statistical programs. There are many challenges to business record linkage. For example, many administrative files not have common identifiers, information is recorded is in non-standardized formats, information contains typographical errors, administrative data files are usually large in size, and finally the evaluation of multiple record pairings makes absolute comparison impractical and sometimes impossible. Due to the importance and challenges associated with record linkage, Statistics Canada has been developing a record linkage standard to help users optimize their business record linkage process. For example, this process includes building on a record linkage blocking strategy that reduces the amount of record-pairs to compare and match, making use of Statistics Canada’s internal software to conduct deterministic and probabilistic matching, and creating standard business name and address fields on Statistics Canada’s Business Register. This article gives an overview of the business record linkage methodology and looks at various economic projects which use record linkage at Statistics Canada, these include projects in the National Accounts, International Trade, Agriculture and the Business Register.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 64. Redesign of the longitudinal immigration database (IMDB) Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014747
    Description:

    The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) combines the Immigrant Landing File (ILF) with annual tax files. This record linkage is performed using a tax filer database. The ILF includes all immigrants who have landed in Canada since 1980. In looking to enhance the IMDB, the possibility of adding temporary residents (TR) and immigrants who landed between 1952 and 1979 (PRE80) was studied. Adding this information would give a more complete picture of the immigrant population living in Canada. To integrate the TR and PRE80 files into the IMDB, record linkages between these two files and the tax filer database, were performed. This exercise was challenging in part due to the presence of duplicates in the files and conflicting links between the different record linkages.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 65. Use of Administrative Data to Increase the Efficiency of the Sample Design for the New National Travel Survey Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014749
    Description:

    As part of the Tourism Statistics Program redesign, Statistics Canada is developing the National Travel Survey (NTS) to collect travel information from Canadian travellers. This new survey will replace the Travel Survey of Residents of Canada and the Canadian resident component of the International Travel Survey. The NTS will take advantage of Statistics Canada’s common sampling frames and common processing tools while maximizing the use of administrative data. This paper discusses the potential uses of administrative data such as Passport Canada files, Canada Border Service Agency files and Canada Revenue Agency files, to increase the efficiency of the NTS sample design.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 66. Challenges Associated with Using Scanner Data for the Consumer Price Index Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014751
    Description:

    Practically all major retailers use scanners to record the information on their transactions with clients (consumers). These data normally include the product code, a brief description, the price and the quantity sold. This is an extremely relevant data source for statistical programs such as Statistics Canada’s Consumer Price Index (CPI), one of Canada’s most important economic indicators. Using scanner data could improve the quality of the CPI by increasing the number of prices used in calculations, expanding geographic coverage and including the quantities sold, among other things, while lowering data collection costs. However, using these data presents many challenges. An examination of scanner data from a first retailer revealed a high rate of change in product identification codes over a one-year period. The effects of these changes pose challenges from a product classification and estimate quality perspective. This article focuses on the issues associated with acquiring, classifying and examining these data to assess their quality for use in the CPI.

    Release date: 2016-03-24
  • 67. Report on Plans and Priorities
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-018-X
    Description: Reports on Plans and Priorities (RPP) are individual expenditure plans for each department and agency. These reports provide increased levels of detail over a three-year period on an organization's main priorities by strategic outcome, program and planned/expected results, including links to related resource requirements presented in the Main Estimates. In conjunction with the Main Estimates, Reports on Plans and Priorities serve to inform members of Parliament on planned expenditures of departments and agencies, and support Parliament's consideration of supply bills. The RPPs are typically tabled soon after the Main Estimates by the President of the Treasury Board.
    Release date: 2016-03-07
  • 68. A New Survey Measure of Disability: the Disability Screening Questions (DSQ) Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-654-X2016003
    Description:

    This paper describes the process that led to the creation of the new Disability Screening Questions (DSQ), jointly developped by Statistics Canada and Employment and Social Development Canada. The DSQ form a new module which can be put on general population surveys to allow comparisons of persons with and without a disability. The paper explains why there are two versions of the DSQ—a long and a short one—, the difference between the two, and how each version can be used.

    Release date: 2016-02-29
  • 69. Revisions to 2006 to 2011 income data Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M2015003
    Description:

    This note discusses revised income estimates from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). These revisions to the SLID estimates make it possible to compare results from the Canadian Income Survey (CIS) to earlier years. The revisions address the issue of methodology differences between SLID and CIS.

    Release date: 2015-12-17
  • 70. Methodology for measuring the underground economy by province and territory Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 13-605-X201500414166
    Description:

    Estimates of the underground economy by province and territory for the period 2007 to 2012 are now available for the first time. The objective of this technical note is to explain how the methodology employed to derive upper-bound estimates of the underground economy for the provinces and territories differs from that used to derive national estimates.

    Release date: 2015-04-29

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