Frames and coverage

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All (72)

All (72) (0 to 10 of 72 results)

1. Advancing Equitable Data Collection: Insights from Statistics Canada's Statistical Integration Methods Division Disaggregated Data Action Plan Research Project Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202500100013
Description: As part of answering the call to action for the United Nations' (UN) 17 Sustainable Development Goals, as well as addressing social, economic, and equity challenges within Canada, Statistics Canada's five-year development phase for the Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP) was funded in 2021 to support data driven decision around these challenges. In turn, the document "Guiding Principles: Leveraging the 2021 Census of Populations Data for DDAP Groups of Interest" were created. The guiding principles document explains the organizational framework of the DDAP in the Agency, describes existing data sources, addresses ethical and privacy concerns, and centralizes sampling methods tailored for DDAP initiatives while accounting for characteristics which can complicate sampling and data collection procedures.
Release date: 2025-09-08
2. Census Technical Report: Coverage
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-303-X
Description: The Coverage Technical Report will present the errors included in census data that result from persons who are either missed (not enumerated) or enumerated more than once. The population coverage error is one of the most important types of errors because it affects the accuracy of not only population counts, but also all the census data results that describe the characteristics of the population universe.
Release date: 2024-10-23
3. Statistics Canada’s Quality of Life Statistics Program: April 2021 to March 2023
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2023001
Description: This discussion paper describes the work being achieved and undertaken by Statistics Canada, in partnership with the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, the Department of Finance Canada and the Privy Council Office, on developing the Quality of Life Framework for Canada and related outputs, including an online Hub. This is the first paper in a series that will provide updates on the progress of work relating to the Framework.
Release date: 2023-04-19
4. Survey framing and mode effects in life satisfaction responses on Canadian social surveys
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300100003
Description: Quality of life and well-being research often involves survey content that is subjective in nature, for example questions pertaining to life satisfaction. Two phenomena impacting responses to self-reported life satisfaction are studied across a range of social surveys: the framing effect, where a respondent’s answer is influenced by the theme of the survey or its content; and the mode effect, where a respondent’s answer is influenced by the method in which survey data is collected (with an interviewer, through an online collection portal, etc.). The objective of this paper is to document the effect that survey collection and survey content have on Canadians’ self-reported satisfaction with their lives. The impact of these effects on life satisfaction responses is measured across three Statistics Canada survey series: the General Social Survey, the Canadian Community Health Survey, and the Canadian Social Survey.
Release date: 2023-01-25
5. A method to correct for frame membership error in dual frame estimators Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201900300008
Description:
Dual frame surveys are useful when no single frame with adequate coverage exists. However estimators from dual frame designs require knowledge of the frame memberships of each sampled unit. When this information is not available from the frame itself, it is often collected from the respondent. When respondents provide incorrect membership information, the resulting estimators of means or totals can be biased. A method for reducing this bias, using accurate membership information obtained about a subsample of respondents, is proposed. The properties of the new estimator are examined and compared to alternative estimators. The proposed estimator is applied to the data from the motivating example, which was a recreational angler survey, using an address frame and an incomplete fishing license frame.
Release date: 2019-12-17
6. A modern framework: Breaking new ground Archived
Stats in brief: 11-629-X2019004
Description: This video explains the Necessity and Proportionality Framework, which assesses data sensitivity and gathering in a more integrated way while ensuring the data needs of Canadians are met.
Release date: 2019-11-26
7. Enterprise Portfolio Management Archived
Stats in brief: 11-629-X2016003
Description: Discover how the Enterprise Portfolio Management team (EPM) supports some of Canada’s largest enterprises.
Release date: 2016-06-02
8. Statistics Canada’s Household Survey Frames Programme – Strategic Research Enabling a shift to increased use of Admin Data as Input to the Social statistics program Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014708
Description:
Statistics Canada’s Household Survey Frames (HSF) Programme provides various universe files that can be used alone or in combination to improve survey design, sampling, collection, and processing in the traditional “need to contact a household model.” Even as surveys are migrating onto these core suite of products, the HSF is starting to plan the changes to infrastructure, organisation, and linkages with other data assets in Statistics Canada that will help enable a shift to increased use of a wide variety of administrative data as input to the social statistics programme. The presentation will provide an overview of the HSF Programme, foundational concepts that will need to be implemented to expand linkage potential, and will identify strategic research being under-taken toward 2021.
Release date: 2016-03-24
9. Generalized framework for defining the optimal inclusion probabilities of one-stage sampling designs for multivariate and multi-domain surveys Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201500114149
Description:
This paper introduces a general framework for deriving the optimal inclusion probabilities for a variety of survey contexts in which disseminating survey estimates of pre-established accuracy for a multiplicity of both variables and domains of interest is required. The framework can define either standard stratified or incomplete stratified sampling designs. The optimal inclusion probabilities are obtained by minimizing costs through an algorithm that guarantees the bounding of sampling errors at the domains level, assuming that the domain membership variables are available in the sampling frame. The target variables are unknown, but can be predicted with suitable super-population models. The algorithm takes properly into account this model uncertainty. Some experiments based on real data show the empirical properties of the algorithm.
Release date: 2015-06-29
10. From multiple modes for surveys to multiple data sources for estimates Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X201400214128
Description:
Users, funders and providers of official statistics want estimates that are “wider, deeper, quicker, better, cheaper” (channeling Tim Holt, former head of the UK Office for National Statistics), to which I would add “more relevant” and “less burdensome”. Since World War II, we have relied heavily on the probability sample survey as the best we could do - and that best being very good - to meet these goals for estimates of household income and unemployment, self-reported health status, time use, crime victimization, business activity, commodity flows, consumer and business expenditures, et al. Faced with secularly declining unit and item response rates and evidence of reporting error, we have responded in many ways, including the use of multiple survey modes, more sophisticated weighting and imputation methods, adaptive design, cognitive testing of survey items, and other means to maintain data quality. For statistics on the business sector, in order to reduce burden and costs, we long ago moved away from relying solely on surveys to produce needed estimates, but, to date, we have not done that for household surveys, at least not in the United States. I argue that we can and must move from a paradigm of producing the best estimates possible from a survey to that of producing the best possible estimates to meet user needs from multiple data sources. Such sources include administrative records and, increasingly, transaction and Internet-based data. I provide two examples - household income and plumbing facilities - to illustrate my thesis. I suggest ways to inculcate a culture of official statistics that focuses on the end result of relevant, timely, accurate and cost-effective statistics and treats surveys, along with other data sources, as means to that end.
Release date: 2014-12-19

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Analysis (62)

Analysis (62) (30 to 40 of 62 results)

31. Using propensity scores to control coverage bias in telephone surveys Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X20010026089
Description:
Telephone surveys are a convenient and efficient method of data collection. Bias may be introduced into population estimates, however, by the exclusion of nontelephone households from these surveys. Data from the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) indicates that five and a half to six percent of American households are without phone service at any given time. The bias introduced can be significant since nontelephone households may differ from telephone households in ways that are not adequately handled by poststratification. Many households, called "transients", move in and out of the telephone population during the year, sometimes due to economic reasons or relocation. The transient telephone population may be representative of the nontelephone population in general since its members have recently been in the nontelephone population.
Release date: 2002-02-28
32. Population size and total estimation when sampling from incomplete list frames with heterogeneous inclusion probabilities Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000025531
Description:
Information from list and area sampling frames is combined to obtain efficient estimates of population size and totals. We consider the case where the probabilities of inclusion on the list frames are heterogeneous and are modeled as a function of covariates. We adapt and modify the methodology of Huggins (1989) and Albo (1990) for modeling auxiliary variables in capture-recapture studies using a logistic regression model. We present the results from a simulation study which compares various estimators of frame size and population totals using the logistic regression approach to modeling heterogeneous inclusion probabilities.
Release date: 2001-02-28
33. Census coverage error: A demographic evaluation Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X20000015177
Description:
The 1996 Canadian Census is adjusted for coverage error as estimated primarily through the Reverse Record Check (RRC). In this paper, we will show how there is a wealth of additional information from the 1996 Reverse Record Check of direct value to population estimation. Beyond its ability to estimate coverage error, it is possible to extend the Reverse Record Check classification results to obtain an alternative estimate of demographic growth - potentially decomposed by component. This added feature of the Reverse Record Check provides promise in the evaluation of estimated census coverage error as well as insight as to possible problems in the estimation of selected components in the population estimates program.
Release date: 2000-08-30
34. Estimates of the errors in classification in the Labour Force Survey and their effect on the reported unemployment rate Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980024353
Description:
This paper studies response errors in the Current Population Survey of the U.S. Bureau of the Census and assesses their impact on the unemployment rates published by the Bureau of Labour Statistics. The measurement of these error rates is obtained from reinterview data, using an extension of the Hui and Walter (1980) procedure for the evaluation of diagnostic tests. Unlike prior studies which assumed that the reconciled reinterview yields the true status, the method estimates the error rates in both interviews. Using these estimated error rates, we show that the misclassification in the original survey creates a cyclical effect on the reported estimated unemployment rates. In particular, the degress of underestimation increases when true unemployment is high. As there was insufficient data to distinguish between a model assuming that the misclassification rates are the same throughout the business cycle, and one that allows the error rates to differ in periods of low, moderate and high unemployment, our findings should be regarded as preliminary. Nonetheless, they indicated that the relationship between the models used to assess the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and those measuring misclassification rates of survey data, deserves further study.
Release date: 1999-01-14
35. Measuring Low Income and Poverty in Canada: An Update Archived
Articles and reports: 75F0002M1998013
Description:
This paper outlines the existing poverty and income measures and summarizes the recent developments of new measures.
Release date: 1998-09-30
36. Estimation in sample surveys using frames with a many-to-many structure Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013906
Description:
In sample surveys, the units contained in the sampling frame ideally have a one-to-one correspondence with the elements in the target population under study. In many cases, however, the frame has a many-to-many structure. That is, a unit in the frame may be associated with multiple target population elements and a target population element may be associated with multiple frame units. Such was the case in a building characteristics survey in which the frame was a list of street addresses, but the target population was commercial buildings. The frame was messy because a street address corresponded either to a single building, multiple buildings, or part of a building. In this paper, we develop estimators and formulas for their variances in both simple and stratified random sampling designs when the frame has a many-to-many structure.
Release date: 1998-07-31
37. Combining multiple frames to estimate population size and totals Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013912
Description:
Efficient estimates of population size and totals based on information from multiple list frames and an independent area frame are considered. This work is an extension of the methodology proposed by Harley (1962) which considers two general frames. A main disadvantage of list frames is that they are typically incomplete. In this paper, we propose several methods to address frame deficiencies. A joint list-area sampling design incorporates multiple frames and achieves full coverage of the target population. For each combination of frames, we present the appropriate notation, likelihood function, and parameter estimators. Results from a simulation study that compares the various properties of the proposed estimators are also presented.
Release date: 1998-07-31
38. Temporary mobility and reporting of usual residence Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X19980013913
Description:
Temporary mobility is hypothesized to contribute toward within-household coverage error since it may affect an individual's determination of "usual residence" - a concept commonly applied when listing persons as part of a household-based survey or census. This paper explores a typology of temporary mobility patterns and how they relate to the identification of usual residence. Temporary mobility is defined by the pattern of movement away from, but usually back to a single residence over a two-three month reference period. The typology is constructed using two dimensions: the variety of places visited and the frequency of visits made. Using data from the U.S. Living Situation Survey (LSS) conducted in 1993, four types of temporary mobility patterns are identified. In particular, two groups exhibiting patterns of repeat visit behavior were found to contain more of the types of people who tend to be missed during censuses and surveys. Log-linear modeling indicates spent away and demographic characteristics.
Release date: 1998-07-31
39. A Review of Procedures for Estimating the Net Undercount of Censuses in Canada, the United States, Britain and Australia Archived
Articles and reports: 91F0015M1998005
Geography: Canada
Description:
All countries that organize censuses have concerns about data quality and coverage error. Different methods have been developed in evaluating the quality of census data and census undercount. Some methods make use of information independent of the census itself, while some others are designed to check the internal consistency of the data. These are expensive and complicated operations.
Given that the population in each country is organized differently and that the administrative structures differ from one country to another, no universal method can be applied. In order to compare the methods and identify their strengths and gaps, Demography Division of Statistics Canada has reviewed the procedures used in four industrialized countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and, of course, Canada. It appears from this review that demographic analysis can help considerably in the identification of inconsistencies through comparisons of consecutive censuses, while micro-level record linkage and survey based procedures are essential in order to estimate the number of people omitted or counted twice in census collection. The most important conclusion from this review is that demographers and statisticians have to work together in order to evaluate the figures the accuracy of which will always remain questionable.
Release date: 1998-03-27
40. A synthetic, robust and efficient method of making small area population estimates in France Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970023620
Description:
Since France has no population registers, population censuses are the basis for its socio-demographic information system. However, between two censuses, some data must be updated, in particular at a high level of geographic detail, especially since censuses are tending, for various reasons, to be less frequent. In 1993, the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE) set up a team whose objective was to propose a system to substantially improve the existing mechanism for making small area population estimates. Its task was twofold: to prepare an efficient and robust synthesis of the information available from different administrative sources, and to assemble a sufficient number of "good" sources. The "multi-source" system that it designed, which is reported on here, is flexible and reliable, without being overly complex.
Release date: 1998-03-12

Reference (10)

Reference (10) ((10 results))

1. Census Technical Report: Coverage
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-303-X
Description: The Coverage Technical Report will present the errors included in census data that result from persons who are either missed (not enumerated) or enumerated more than once. The population coverage error is one of the most important types of errors because it affects the accuracy of not only population counts, but also all the census data results that describe the characteristics of the population universe.
Release date: 2024-10-23
2. Statistics Canada’s Household Survey Frames Programme – Strategic Research Enabling a shift to increased use of Admin Data as Input to the Social statistics program Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201700014708
Description:
Statistics Canada’s Household Survey Frames (HSF) Programme provides various universe files that can be used alone or in combination to improve survey design, sampling, collection, and processing in the traditional “need to contact a household model.” Even as surveys are migrating onto these core suite of products, the HSF is starting to plan the changes to infrastructure, organisation, and linkages with other data assets in Statistics Canada that will help enable a shift to increased use of a wide variety of administrative data as input to the social statistics programme. The presentation will provide an overview of the HSF Programme, foundational concepts that will need to be implemented to expand linkage potential, and will identify strategic research being under-taken toward 2021.
Release date: 2016-03-24
3. Overcoverage in the 2011 Canadian Census Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X201300014269
Description:
The Census Overcoverage Study (COS) is a critical post-census coverage measurement study. Its main objective is to produce estimates of the number of people erroneously enumerated, by province and territory, study the characteristics of individuals counted multiple times and identify possible reasons for the errors. The COS is based on the sampling and clerical review of groups of connected records that are built by linking the census response database to an administrative frame, and to itself. In this paper we describe the new 2011 COS methodology. This methodology has incorporated numerous improvements including a greater use of probabilistic record-linkage, the estimation of linking parameters with an Expectation-Maximization (E-M) algorithm, and the efficient use of household information to detect more overcoverage cases.
Release date: 2014-10-31
4. Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 87-542-X
Geography: Canada
Description:
This series the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics 2011 replaces the 2004 Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics (Catalogue 81-595-MIE2004021).
The first issue of this series presents the conceptual framework, including a definition of culture, domains and sub-domains, and criteria for their inclusion in culture. The second issue is a guide that maps the conceptual framework to selected standard classification systems. It is intended to foster a standard approach to the measurement of culture in Canada.
Release date: 2011-10-24
5. Conceptual framework for Culture Statistics 2011 Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 87-542-X2011001
Geography: Canada
Description:
The first issue of the series presents the Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics 2011, a revision of the 2004 Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics.
The conceptual framework contains an official statistical definition of culture and describes a set of culture domains that can be used to measure culture from creation to use.
Release date: 2011-10-24
6. Classification Guide for the Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics 2011 Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 87-542-X2011002
Geography: Canada
Description:
The second issue of this series is a companion piece to the Conceptual Framework for Culture Statistics 2011, a revision to the 2004 Canadian Framework for Culture Statistics.
The guide maps the 2011 Canadian framework for culture statistics to the following Statistics Canada's standard classification systems: the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007, the North American Product Classification System (NAPCS) - Canada (Provisional Version 0.1), National Occupational Classification - Statistics (NOC-S) 2006 and Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), Canada, 2000.
It contains explanations, definitions and examples of how the classification codes are mapped to the conceptual framework. It also contains a series of tables that contain codes, by classification system, which help illustrate the framework domains and sub-domains, and flags those codes that do not map well to the framework.
Release date: 2011-10-24
7. 2006 Census Technical Report: Coverage
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-567-X
Description:
The Coverage Technical Report will present the error included in census data that results from persons missed by the 2006 Census or persons enumerated in error. Population coverage errors are one of the most important types of error because they affect not only the accuracy of population counts but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing characteristics of the population universe.
Release date: 2010-03-25
8. Coverage, 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-394-X
Description:
This report deals with coverage errors that occur when persons, households, dwellings or families are missed or enumerated in error by the census. After the 2001 Census was taken, a number of studies were carried out to estimate gross undercoverage, gross overcoverage and net undercoverage. This report presents the results of the Dwelling Classification Study, the Reverse Record Check Study, the Automated Match Study and the Collective Dwelling Study. The report first describes census universes, coverage error and census collection and processing procedures that may result in coverage error. Then it gives estimates of net undercoverage for a number of demographic characteristics. After, the technical report presents the methodology and results of each coverage study and the estimates of coverage error after describing how the results of the various studies are combined. A historical perspective completes the product.
Release date: 2004-11-25
9. Coverage (Reference Products: Technical Reports: 1996 Census of Population) Archived
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-370-X
Description:
Series description
This series includes five general reference products - the Preview of Products and Services; the Catalogue; the Dictionary; the Handbook and the Technical Reports - as well as geography reference products - GeoSuite and Reference Maps.
Product description
Technical Reports examine the quality of data from the 1996 Census, a large and complex undertaking. While considerable effort was taken to ensure high quality standards throughout each step, the results are subject to a certain degree of error. Each report looks at the collection and processing operations and presents results from data evaluation, as well as notes on historical comparability.
Technical Reports are aimed at moderate and sophisticated users but are written in a manner which could make them useful to all census data users. Most of the technical reports have been cancelled, with the exception of Age, Sex, Marital Status and Common-law Status, Coverage and Sampling and Weighting. These reports will be available as bilingual publications as well as being available in both official languages on the Internet as free products.
This report deals with coverage errors, which occured when persons, households, dwellings or families were missed by the 1996 Census or enumerated in error. Coverage errors are one of the most important types of error since they affect not only the accuracy of the counts of the various census universes but also the accuracy of all of the census data describing the characteristics of these universes. With this information, users can determine the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on census data.
Release date: 1999-12-14
10. Household Survey Frame Service - Global Positioning System (GPS) and digital mapping pilot test
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 5241
Description: The SRGD is conducting a Global Positioning System (GPS) and digital mapping test to improve Statistic Canada's rural dwelling inventory by collecting dwelling identifiers to be used by field collection staff. In rural areas dwelling identification can be difficult where there is an absence of civic style addresses. The test is evaluating alternative methods for dwelling identification including the collection of GPS coordinates and digital photos using a mapping application and a digital tablet

Date modified:: 2026-06-18