Employment and unemployment

All (616) (0 to 10 of 616 results)

• 1. Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification and field of study (STEM and BHASE groupings)

  Table: 37-10-0301-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Description: Characteristics and median employment income of Canadian postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant) and field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs [CIP] Canada 2021 – STEM and BHASE groupings).

  Release date: 2026-06-24

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• 2. Occupational match and economic outcomes of recent immigrants: A broad assessment

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500004

  Description: This article provides a broad assessment of occupational match and associated earnings outcomes among immigrants admitted to Canada from 2010 to 2020. Using linked data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and the 2021 Census, the study examines the extent to which recent immigrants work in occupations aligned with their intended occupation at admission, identifies the characteristics associated with occupational match, and analyzes the earnings implications of matching versus not matching into intended occupations.

  Release date: 2026-05-27

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• 3. Potential occupational exposure to artificial intelligence across selected cultural industries in Canada

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600300003

  Description: A central concern surrounding recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is their potential to replace human labour, especially in the domain of content creation, such as the production of music, videos, images and text in the cultural industries. However, there is a lack of information regarding how AI may impact workers in these industries. This article attempts to fill this information gap by examining potential occupational exposure to and complementarity with AI in selected cultural industries in Canada.

  Release date: 2026-03-25

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• 4. Indigenous employment and income in Indigenous-owned businesses: A comparative analysis

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600100002

  Description: Indigenous-owned businesses are a growing and important component of Canada’s economic landscape. These businesses not only contribute to entrepreneurship and community development but also serve as important sources of employment for Indigenous people. This study represents a novel contribution to the evidence base. Statistics Canada first helped close a critical data gap by developing a framework to identify Indigenous business owners and Indigenous-owned businesses. Building on that foundation, the present analysis extends the work to fill another gap, providing data on Indigenous employment within Indigenous-owned businesses.

  Release date: 2026-01-28

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• 5. Flow diagram between major field of study and occupation, 2021 Census of Population

  Data Visualization: 98-505-X2021008

  Description: This interactive chart shows the flow of values from Major field of study to Occupation, or reverse order Occupation to Major field of study. Filter between Major field of study, Occupation, Highest certificate, diploma or degree, Gender, Immigrant status, Location of study and Geographies (Canada, Provinces and Territories).

  Release date: 2025-10-16

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• 6. Activity limitations of certified tradespeople in Canada, 2021 Archived

  Stats in brief: 11-627-M2025046

  Description: There is a growing trend in the prevalence of activity limitations among both certified journeypersons and non-journeypersons between 2016 and 2021, with certified journeypersons experiencing this increase at a faster rate. In the context of the skilled trades, activity limitations can pose as a barrier for prospective journeypersons, and the possibility of worsening their condition can also pose as a motivating factor for them to leave an apprenticeship program and/or quit the skilled trades altogether. These points are of particular interest given the various reports on the incoming labour shortages in the skilled trades and the need to attract and retain journeypersons in the field to meet future demands.

  Release date: 2025-09-10

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• 7. The occupational outcomes of provincial nominees

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202500800004

  Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) has admitted more immigrants than any other individual economic immigration program in most years since the mid-2010s. This article examines the occupational outcomes of recent provincial nominees (PNs) who obtained permanent residence in Canada one to five years prior to the 2021 Census. This is the fifth article in a series focusing on the PNP. It contributes to the series by examining several questions related to the occupational outcomes of PNs.

  Release date: 2025-08-27

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• 8. Fields of study and occupations of immigrants who were international students in Canada before immigration

  Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202500700001

  Description: Postsecondary education is a key element in developing a skilled workforce. International students are often seen as a potential source of labour supply beyond their temporary employment while studying. This study examines the alignment between the fields of study and occupations of immigrants with a postsecondary education who held study permits before becoming permanent residents from 2011 to 2021. It compares them with other immigrants who became permanent residents during the same period and Canadian-born postsecondary graduates.

  Release date: 2025-07-23

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• 9. Content changes for the 2026 Census of Population: Labour market activities, commuting and education

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00042026006

  Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: labour market activities, commuting and education. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

  Release date: 2025-07-04

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• 10. Workforce renewal in health occupations

  Articles and reports: 75-006-X202500100006

  Description: Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this study examines employment trends in health occupations between 1998 and 2024. Data from the 2021 Census of Population are used to better understand the extent to which younger workers could replace those approaching retirement age. The role of immigration in mitigating the impacts of an aging health workforce is also explored.

  Release date: 2025-04-10

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Data (520) (40 to 50 of 520 results)

• 41. Languages used at work by industry groups and knowledge of official languages: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts

  Table: 98-10-0531-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2020, in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Other language(s) used regularly at work (10), Industry - Groups - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 (427), Knowledge of official languages (5), Labour force status (2), Statistics (3), Language used most often at work (9)

  Description: Data on language used most often at work by other language(s) used regularly at work, industry groups - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017, knowledge of official languages and labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2020, in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts.

  Release date: 2023-03-29

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• 42. Languages used at work by occupation and knowledge of official languages: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0532-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2020, in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Other language(s) used regularly at work (10), Occupation - Unit group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (820), Knowledge of official languages (5), Labour force status (2), Statistics (3), Language used most often at work (9)

  Description: Data on language used most often at work by other language(s) used regularly at work, occupation - unit group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021, knowledge of official languages and labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since 2020, in private households of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2023-03-29

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• 43. Long-form data quality indicators for labour: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions

  Table: 98-10-0569-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census subdivision, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Long-form data quality indicators – Labour (28)

  Description: Data on long-form data quality indicators for 2021 Census labour content, Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions.

  Release date: 2023-02-08

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• 44. Long-form data quality indicators for labour: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions

  Table: 98-10-0570-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Census subdivision

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Long-form data quality indicators – Labour (28)

  Description: Data on long-form data quality indicators for 2021 Census labour content, Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions.

  Release date: 2023-02-08

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• 45. Employed labour force who worked full year, full time and reported employment income in 2020, 2021 Census

  Data Visualization: 98-505-X2021006

  Description:

  This interactive diagram shows the proportion of employed labour force in each occupation category, as well as the median employment income of the employed labour force who worked full year, full time and reported employment income in 2020. Selecting an occupation from the chart will display the median employment income, number of individuals, and percentage of all occupations in the centre of the chart. Data views are available for Canada, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas (CMAs), as well as for highest certificate, diploma or degree, age groups and gender.

  Release date: 2022-12-15

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• 46. Occupation (STEM and non-STEM) by major field of study (STEM and BHASE, detailed) and highest level of education: Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0402-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: STEM and BHASE groupings, Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (40), Statistics (3), Gender (3), Age (15A), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Location of study (5), Occupation - STEM and non-STEM - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (25A)

  Description: Number of people in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math and computer science) and BHASE (non-STEM) fields of study who worked in STEM, STEM-related or non-STEM occupations.

  Release date: 2022-11-30

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• 47. Occupation by major field of study (detailed, 4-digit): Canada

  Table: 98-10-0403-01

  Geography: Canada

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Occupation - Unit group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (821A), Age (4), Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (500), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Gender (3), Statistics (6B)

  Description: Detailed occupational distribution by detailed field of study, with percentages.

  Release date: 2022-11-30

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• 48. Occupation by major field of study (STEM and BHASE, detailed): Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0405-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Occupation - Unit group - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 (821A), Gender (3), Age (4), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), STEM and BHASE groupings, Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (40), Statistics (6B)

  Description: Detailed occupational distribution, by STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math and computer science) and BHASE (non-STEM) fields of study, with percentages.

  Release date: 2022-11-30

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• 49. High school completion by Indigenous identity, Indigenous geography and labour force status: Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0420-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate (15), Age (15A), Gender (3), Labour force status (8), Registered or Treaty Indian status (3), Residence by Indigenous geography (10), Indigenous identity (9)

  Description: Data on Indigenous populations (including data on reserves and Inuit Nunangat) with high school diploma or equivalency certificate, and combinations of high school and trades/college credentials.

  Release date: 2022-11-30

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• 50. Highest level of education by Indigenous identity, Indigenous geography and labour force status: Canada, provinces and territories

  Table: 98-10-0423-01

  Geography: Canada, Province or territory

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Population aged 15 years and over in private households, 2021 Census — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (16), Gender (3), Age (15A), Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 (14), Labour force status (8), Registered or Treaty Indian status (3), Residence by Indigenous geography (10), Indigenous identity (9)

  Description: Employment, unemployment and labour force participation rates of Indigenous populations (including data on reserves and Inuit Nunangat) by educational characteristics, for Canada, provinces and territories.

  Release date: 2022-11-30

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Analysis (87) (70 to 80 of 87 results)

• 71. Bosses of Their Own: Are Children of Immigrants More Likely than Their Parents to Be Self-Employed? Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2012341

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Self-employment has been regarded as an important pathway for many immigrants to engage in the labour market. However, little is known about self-employment among the children of immigrants. Using the 1981 and 2006 Canadian censuses of population and a generational cohort method of analysis, this paper compares the self-employment rates of immigrant parents and the children of immigrant parents when both were 25 to 44 years of age. The focus is on three questions: (1) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than immigrant parents to be self-employed?; (2) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than children of Canadian-born parents to be self-employed?; (3) Is the generational change in the self-employment rate from immigrant parents to the children of immigrants different from the generational change from Canadian-born parents to their children?

  Release date: 2012-04-16

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• 72. Regional economic shocks and migration Archived

  Articles and reports: 75-001-X201100411593

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Following an economic shock affecting a city or region, many residents - particularly those who have just lost their jobs - will likely look to migrate to another region to improve their economic situation. This study uses data from the 1997 to 2008 Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) to evaluate the impact of regional economic shocks on the migration of residents. In particular, it examines the extent to which a deterioration in the relative economic position of a region and a decrease in personal income are linked to higher probabilities of migration.

  Release date: 2011-11-23

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• 73. Labour market activity among seniors Archived

  Articles and reports: 75-001-X201010713253

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Most Canadians retire by the age of 65. Some, however, continue to work well into their senior years. This article uses census data to study labour market activity among senior men and women. Trends in seniors employment rates and occupational and industrial profiles are outlined. In addition, 2006 data are used to study factors associated with employment and work intensity.

  Release date: 2010-09-21

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• 74. Immigrants in Canada who work in a language other than English or French Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-008-X200900110770

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This article uses data from the 2001 and 2006 Census of Canada to look at the use of non-official languages at work among immigrants. Owing to the growing contribution that immigrants are making to Canada's labour force, languages other than English and French are being used more often in Canadian work places. The article examines which languages are used most often. It also looks at the impact of age, gender, year of immigration, education, official language ability and the presence of others who speak the mother tongue in the community where they work, on the likelihood that immigrants will use a non-official language on the job.

  Release date: 2009-01-20

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• 75. Creative Input: The Role of Culture Occupations in the Economy During the 1990s Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2008064

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This study analyzes the extent to which culture workers were employed outside of culture industries during the 1990s.

  Release date: 2008-04-10

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• 76. Re-accreditation and occupations of immigrant doctors and engineers Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-008-X200700410312

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  In recent years, the media have highlighted the particular difficulty of foreign-trained physicians who are unable to practice medicine in Canada. Foreign-trained engineers are another professional group encountering similar difficulties in practicing their profession. Using data from the 2001 Census of Population, this article documents the extent to which foreign trained physicians and engineers are not employed in the occupations for which they studied.

  Release date: 2007-12-11

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• 77. Towards a Geography of Culture: Culture Occupations Across the Canadian Urban-Rural Divide Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2007053

  Geography: Canada

  Description: This paper examines the extent of the culture workforce in cities and rural areas across Canada.

  Release date: 2007-09-10

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• 78. Culture Employment in a North American Context Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2007051

  Geography: Canada

  Description: This paper quantifies and assesses the role of culture employment in urban settings in Canada and the United States over the past two decades.

  Release date: 2007-08-16

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• 79. Where Are the Scientists and Engineers? Archived

  Articles and reports: 88F0006X2007002

  Description: PhDs are an important and vital asset in Canada's labour force because not only do they represent the highest educational attainment level in a knowledge-based economy, but they are also highly skilled industrial researchers and innovators, teachers and professors, along with being scientists and engineers. The study examines what industries are employing scientists and engineers and in what occupations, along with other labour market characteristics such as income and unemployment, age, gender and geographic location. The report also examines the differences between Canadian born and non-Canadian born scientists and engineers.

  Release date: 2007-04-16

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• 80. The Aboriginal labour force in Western Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 75-001-X200710113179

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  By 2017, Aboriginal persons of working age (15 and older) are projected to number close to a million about 3.4% of the working-age population overall. With anticipated labour shortages in many areas, this growing population may constitute an important pool of workers. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Western Canada are compared in terms of employment, occupational distribution, and skill level.

  Release date: 2007-03-20

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Reference (9) ((9 results))

• 1. Content changes for the 2026 Census of Population: Labour market activities, commuting and education

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00042026006

  Description: This fact sheet offers a summary of content changes for the 2026 Census specific to the following topics: labour market activities, commuting and education. The tested changes for each topic are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2026.

  Release date: 2025-07-04

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• 2. Updated content for the 2021 Census of Population: Education, labour, commuting, and Veterans Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00012020004

  Description:

  This fact sheet offers a concise overview of updated—new or modified—content for the 2021 Census of Population that is specific to the theme of education, labour, commuting, and Veterans, which includes the following topics: education, labour market conditions, commuting to work, and Veteran and military service. The changes considered for these topics are explained, along with the resulting approach for 2021.

  Release date: 2020-07-20

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• 3. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-G

  Description: This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-06-10

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• 4. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-G2006003

  Description:

  This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts, data quality and historical comparability. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-06-10

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• 5. Labour Market Activity and Unpaid Work Reference Guide, 2006 Census Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 97-559-P2006003

  Description:

  This guide focuses on the following topics: Labour market activity and Unpaid work.

  Provides information that enables users to effectively use, apply and interpret data from the 2006 Census. Each guide contains definitions and explanations on census concepts. Additional information will be included for specific variables to help general users better understand the concepts and questions used in the census.

  Release date: 2008-04-08

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• 6. They're Here to Farm Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 96-328-M2004022

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This activity focuses on the contribution of immigrants to Canadian agriculture, highlighting which countries they come from and why, and what types of farms they prefer.

  Release date: 2005-01-28

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• 7. Occupation, 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-388-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information to help users interpret and make use of census occupation data. It gives an overview of the collection, coding (to the 2001 National Occupational Classification), edit and imputation of the occupation data from the 2001 Census. The report describes procedural changes between the 2001 and earlier censuses, and provides an analysis of the quality level of the 2001 Census occupation data. Finally, it details the revision of the 1991 Standard Occupational Classification used in the 1991 and 1996 Censuses to the 2001 National Occupational Classification for Statistics used in 2001. The historical comparability of data coded to the two classifications is discussed. Appendices to the report include a table showing historical data for the 1991, 1996 and 2001 Censuses.

  Release date: 2004-07-15

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• 8. Industry (Based on 1980 Standard Industrial Classification [SIC]), 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-391-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of census industry data. It provides an overview of the industry processing cycle, including elements such as regional processing, edit and imputation, and the tabulation of error rates. A detailed explanation of the automated coding systems used in the 2001 Census is also documented, in addition to notable changes in the imputation procedures. The report concludes with summary tables that indicate the level of data quality in the 2001 Census industry data. Appendices to the report contain historical data going back to the 1971 Census.

  Release date: 2004-06-02

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• 9. Industry (Based on 1997 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS]), 2001 Census Technical Report (Reference Products: 2001 Census) Archived

  Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-389-X

  Description:

  This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of census industry data. It provides an overview of the industry processing cycle, including elements such as regional processing, edit and imputation, and the tabulation of error rates. Notable changes in the industrial classification structure are discussed as well as differences in the coding procedures from the previous census (1996). The report concludes with summary tables that indicate the level of data quality in the 2001 Census industry data.

  Release date: 2004-05-04