Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap among recent Canadian bachelor-level university graduates. Hours of work are the single most important influence on the gap; past work experience, job characteristics, family status, province of residence, and language have smaller and more mixed effects.

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Who were the low-wage earners in 2000, what proportion lived in low-income families, and how did the situation change between 1980 and 2000? Low wages need not mean economic hardship: for example young people living with their parents or spouses who are secondary earners may not be at risk. However, groups such as recent immigrants, lone mothers, and unattached individuals may well be at risk.

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With the help of data from the censuses of 1981 through 2001, this study examines the evolution of employment incomes (expressed in 2001 constant dollars) of less educated couples and highly educated couples.

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This study explores the labour market performance of low and high educated couples using Census data for the period 1980 to 2000.

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This document offers a set of guidelines for analysing income distributions. It focuses on the basic intuition of the concepts and techniques instead of the equations and technical details.

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This study extends previous work on the evolution of the education premium, and investigates the existence of diverging university/high school earnings ratio trends across industries in the knowledge-based economy. The study also discusses the changing demand for high-skilled workers by comparing relative wages of university graduates holding degrees in "applied" fields to those of other university graduates (the "field" premium).

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This study profiles full-time, full-year Canadian workers with low weekly earnings in their main job in 1996, and examines their upward mobility in 2001 using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics.

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This paper examines trends in earnings, using tax-based longitudinal data from the last two decades and synthetic cohort analysis.

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This report contains 2003/04 salary information for full-time Canadian university employees.

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Although minimum wage workers are often young people living with their parents, other workers in this category are trying to support families. To evaluate the effects of a change in the minimum wage, it is essential to know who work for minimum wage and the types of jobs they hold.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

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This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

Description:

This table presents data for the current year and previous 4 years on labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annually, by total number of jobs.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that required skills in specific areas, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Specific areas include basic digital, computer science, information technology, general data science and analytics, natural sciences and engineering, management, business, international business, skilled trades, design, coaching and mentoring skills to meet the needs of the business, and e-commerce or digital trade.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that encountered skill shortages in specific areas, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Specific areas include basic digital, computer science, information technology, general data science and analytics, natural sciences and engineering, management, business, international business, skilled trades, design, coaching and mentoring skills to meet the needs of the business, and e-commerce or digital trade.

Description: Percentage of enterprises that took measures to overcome skill shortages, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and enterprise size, based on a one-year observation period. Measures include outsourcing work in Canada, offshoring of labour, targeted recruitment process, student hiring, training staff, retention strategy, acquisition of external businesses, global talent attraction, other government programs, and other measures.

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Number and average, median, 10^th and 90^th percentile salaries by rank and senior administrative responsibilities of full-time academic teaching staff by university.

Description: Average and median gender pay ratio in annual employment income and in annual wages, salaries and commissions. Data are available by National Occupational Classification (NOC) and age group.

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of postsecondary graduates five years after graduation, by educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 - STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics and computer sciences) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings), gender, age group and status of student in Canada (cross-sectional analysis).

Description: Characteristics and median employment income of longitudinal cohorts of postsecondary graduates at two and five years after graduation, by educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 - STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics and computer sciences) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings), gender, age group and status of student in Canada.

Description:

The wages of Canadian women have caught up substantially to those of their male counterparts, particularly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. However, the convergence in earnings by gender has slowed down since 1998. Researchers have struggled to explain this phenomenon with human capital alone (e.g., education and job tenure). Using data from the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database between 2001 and 2015, this study examines the impact of firms’ hiring and pay-setting policies on the gender earnings gap in Canada.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Although refugee claimants seek asylum in Canada for humanitarian reasons, their labour market outcomes play a crucial role in their successful integration, which is why it is important to monitor the degree of labour market success achieved by refugee claimants. This study compares the long-term labour market outcomes of refugee claimants who eventually became permanent residents in Canada (RC-PRs) with those of government-assisted refugees (GARs) and privately sponsored refugees (PSRs), as well as with refugee claimants who did not become permanent residents in Canada (RC-NPRs).

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Using data from the Labour Force Survey, this infographic shows the ratio of younger workers (aged 25 to 34) to older workers (aged 55 and older) for employed women and men in 1996 and 2019. Data from the 2016 Census of Population were also used to examine the prevalence and age composition of the employed population-and specifically, those who are South Asian, Chinese and Black-across occupations of various skill levels.

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Among the employed population, women are generally younger than men. Furthermore, there are notable differences for particular occupations, which is even more pronounced for certain groups of women. This study uses data primarily from the 2016 Census of Population to examine the prevalence and age composition of three groups of women-South Asian, Chinese and Black-across occupations of various skill levels.

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In both Canada and the United States, immigrants constitute a disproportionately large share of the supply of university-educated labour trained in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article examines the Canada–U.S. differences in the occupational skill utilization and earnings of STEM-educated immigrant workers. Using data from the 2016 Census for Canada and the combined 2015 to 2017 American Community Survey, this analysis focuses on immigrants with a university degree in a STEM field who were aged 25 to 64 and arrived as adults.

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

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Using data from the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults, this infographic shows the relationship between the income of adult Canadians and the income of their parents when they were growing up. Additionally, it highlights that families with higher incomes were also families where parents were more highly educated, while families with lower incomes were more likely to have a non-official language as their mother tongue or to be lone-parent families.

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"Canada's Poverty Reduction Strategy" introduces the Official Poverty Line for Canada with a dashboard of 12 Indicators to track progress on poverty reduction for Canadians and their households. This infographic presents Canada's Official Poverty Rate and a snapshopt as of September 2020 for the following indicators: deep income poverty; unmet housing needs and chronic homelessness; unmet health needs; food insecurity; relative low income; bottom 40% income share; youth engagement; literacy and numeracy; median hourly wage; average poverty gap; asset resilience; and low income entry and exit rates.

Description: This survey is an establishment census survey designed to gather data on employment, payrolls and paid-hours from larger employers (companies or establishments of 20 or more employees).

Description: The purpose of the survey is to provide information on the terms and conditions of Registered Pension Plans (RPPs), membership in them and contributions made by and on behalf of the members.

Description: The published data provided by this survey provided detailed information on contributors and beneficiaries for the purpose of employment and economic research by government departments.

Description: The Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours provides a monthly portrait of the amount of earnings, as well as the number of jobs (i.e., occupied positions) and hours worked by detailed industry at the national, provincial and territorial levels.

Description: The Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) is the collection instrument for the Survey of Employment Payrolls and Hours (SEPH, record number 2612). The results of the BPS and administrative data are combined to produce the SEPH estimates. For more information, please see record number 2612, Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) in the Documentation section below.

Description: The objective of this survey is to produce statistical information on wages and salaries paid for various occupations classified to the National Occupation Classification (NOC).

Description: This survey collects data on wages paid for specific occupations in the construction industry in all provinces and territories except Québec, Manitoba and Yukon on behalf of the Labour Branch of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada.

Description: The Employment Dynamics is a compilation of statistical tables on employment, payroll and the number of businesses with employees for Canada, the provinces and territories.

Description: This survey collected data on wage rates paid to hired farm labour. This data which is a key component of the Farm Input Price Index (FIPI) was required by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada as essential information to run their Gross Revenue Insurance Plan (GRIP).

Description: The Labour Force Survey provides estimates of employment and unemployment. With the release of the survey results only 10 days after the completion of data collection, the LFS estimates are the first of the major monthly economic data series to be released. LFS data are used to produce the well-known unemployment rate as well as other standard labour market indicators such as the employment rate and the participation rate.