Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Quarterly labour productivity - Canada
(First quarter 2024)

-0.3%

(quarterly change)
Average weekly earnings - Canada
(March 2024)

$1,235.68

4.2%

(12-month change)

More earnings, wages and non-wage benefits indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries - Canada
(March 2024)

470,440

0.1%

(monthly change)
Regular Employment Insurance beneficiaries (year-over-year change) - Canada
(March 2024)

18.9%

(12-month change)
Annual labour productivity (chained (2017) dollars) - Canada
(2023)

$59.10 per hour

-2.2%

(annual change)
Active Registered Pension Plan Membership - Canada
(2022)

6,711,260.0

1.8%

(annual change)

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All (264)

All (264) (190 to 200 of 264 results)

191. The "Who, What, When and Where" of Gender Pay Differentials Archived
Articles and reports: 71-584-M2002004
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper addresses pay differentials between the sexes in terms of the characteristics of the individual worker, the tasks of the worker, the employment contract between the worker and the workplace, and the contribution of specific workplace characteristics to these pay differentials.
Release date: 2002-07-30
192. Wives, Mothers and Wages: Does Timing Matter? Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002186
Geography: Canada
Description:
Current trends in marriage and fertility patterns suggest that young Canadian women are delaying family formation and concentrating on developing their careers. Using data from the 1998 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study provides Canadian evidence on the effect of marital status and parenthood status on the wage rates of Canadian women. As well, this paper attempts to determine whether decisions regarding the timing of family formation influence the wages of women and whether these decisions have a permanent or temporary impact on earnings. The main results of the paper are as follows.
After controlling for differences in work history, labour force qualifications and selected job characteristics, the cross sectional analysis suggests that there is no association between marital status and wages while the evidence on the relationship between wages and motherhood is mixed.
When controls for years with children were included, there is a positive association of motherhood with wages that persists in the early years of motherhood but declines as the number of years with children lengthens. These results support the specialization, selection, differential treatment by employers and the work effort explanations for differences in the wages of mothers relative to other women. There is no such finding for married women and the duration of marriage.
It is a well-documented fact that the acquisition of job-related skills and significant wage growth is concentrated at the start of workers' careers - which generally coincides with decisions regarding marriage and children. If this is the case, then the timing of marriage and children may be considered proxies for omitted, unobserved characteristics, related to human capital skills, differentiated work history or labour force attachment. Conforming to theoretical expectations when the timing of children is taken into account, women that postpone having children earn at least 6.0% more than women who have children early. There is no significant association between the timing of marriage and wages.
The observed relationship between women's wages and their decision to delay having children tends to persist after the birth of their first child but tends to decline over time. Thus, augmented family responsibilities will tend to reduce any initial wage differentials based on delays of assuming these responsibilities.
Release date: 2002-05-01
193. Winners and Losers in the Labour Market of the 1990s Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2002184
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper examines the Canadian labour market during the 1990s and contrasts it to prior decades, with a special focus on distributional outcomes. It discusses changes in relative earnings between groups, changes in relative labour market outcomes of women and older workers, changes in earnings and income inequality, and changes in low-income.
Release date: 2002-03-01
194. The male-female wage gap Archived
Articles and reports: 75-001-X20010126036
Geography: Canada
Description:
The issue of male-female wage inequality is complex, and requires analysis from a number of different perspectives. This article demonstrates the importance of measurement, decomposition techniques and differences in the gap along the wage scale.
Release date: 2001-12-17
195. The Effects of Inter-provincial Mobility on Individuals' Earnings: Panel Model Estimates for Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001163
Geography: Canada
Description:
This paper presents the findings of an empirical investigation of the effects of inter-provincial migration on individuals' earnings based on the newly available Longitudinal Administrative Database (LAD). The main results are based on a difference model which estimates the effects of mobility on (log) earnings which implicitly controls for initial earnings levels and other fixed effects, as well as other influences captured by the regressors included in the models. Inter-provincial mobility is found to be associated with statistically significant and in many cases quantitatively substantial changes in individuals' earnings, with these effects varying by age, sex, and province of origin. Pre- and post-move earnings profiles are also analysed, offering support for the validity of the difference model approach and indicating that movers are quickly integrated into local labour markets after their moves. Implications are discussed and possible directions for future research are suggested.
Release date: 2001-10-25
196. Income Prospects of British Columbia University Graduates Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001170
Geography: Canada, Province or territory
Description:
Using a new dataset which combines the 1982-1997 tax records and administrative records of British Columbia bachelors graduates from the classes of 1974-96, the real market income of graduates is examined, focussing on changes in income between graduating cohorts, as well as differences across major fields of study. For men and women BC graduates, there has been a decline in real annual income received after graduation for more recent cohorts which is eventually offset by a higher growth rate in income. Also, annual incomes after graduation are relatively high for graduates with applied degrees such as in the engineering, education, and health fields, however, incomes converge as graduate cohorts age. The former finding is at odds with those of Beaudry and Green (1997) who found that weekly earnings declined across cohorts for male university graduates, with no offsetting rise in the growth rate (their results were more similar for women). Differences may be due to this paper's use of annual income as an outcome measure, or its focus on BC student's outcomes rather than national outcomes.
Release date: 2001-05-04
197. Literacy, Numeracy and Labour Market Outcomes in Canada Archived
Articles and reports: 89-552-M2001008
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study investigates the relationship between labour market success and literacy skills, specifically prose literacy, document literacy and quantitative literacy or numeracy. It focuses on the relationship between literacy and annual, weekly and hourly earnings.
Release date: 2001-03-19
198. Graduates' earnings and the job skills-education match Archived
Articles and reports: 81-003-X20000025524
Geography: Canada
Description:
This study examines the extent to which postsecondary graduates use their acquired skills, and the correspondence of their educational qualifications to the job requirements.
Release date: 2001-03-01
199. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001157
Geography: Canada
Description:
This article uses data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) to investigate the extent to which factors not previously explored in the Canadian context account for wage differences between men and women. Like other studies using standard decomposition techniques and controlling for a variety of productivity-related characteristics, the results demonstrate that men still enjoy a wage advantage over women: women's average hourly wage rate is about 84% - 89% of the men's average. Unlike other studies, controls for work experience and job-related responsibilities are used. Gender differences in full-year, full-time work experience explain at most, 12% of the gender wage gap. Gender differences in the opportunity to supervise and to perform certain tasks account for about 5% of the gender wage gap. Yet despite the long list of productivity related factors, a substantial portion of the gender wage gap cannot be explained.
Many studies rely on measures such as age or potential experience (= age minus number of years of schooling minus six) as a proxy for actual labour market. Neither of these measures account for complete withdrawals from the labour market nor for restrictions on the number of hours worked per week or on the number of weeks worked per year due to family-related responsibilities. The results show that proxies for experience yield larger adjusted gender wage gaps than when actual experience is used.
Release date: 2001-01-30
200. The Impact of International Trade on the Wages of Canadians Archived
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2001156
Geography: Canada
Description:
Developments in the relative wages of more and less educated workers during the early 1990s are examined using the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the role of international trade in determining the wage differential between workers with post-secondary certification and those without. It is shown that in the absence of the relatively greater growth in the supply of more educated workers, the gap between the wages of more and less educated workers would have increased. After controlling for some of the most likely influences on real wages it is found that international trade has a significant positive impact on the wages of both more and less educated workers. However, the impact on the more highly educated seems to be some four times stronger, roughly the same as the impact of technological change
Release date: 2001-01-12

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Analysis (264)

Analysis (264) (40 to 50 of 264 results)

41. The Long-term Labour Market Integration of Refugee Claimants Who Became Permanent Residents in Canada
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020018
Description:
Although refugee claimants seek asylum in Canada for humanitarian reasons, their labour market outcomes play a crucial role in their successful integration, which is why it is important to monitor the degree of labour market success achieved by refugee claimants. This study compares the long-term labour market outcomes of refugee claimants who eventually became permanent residents in Canada (RC-PRs) with those of government-assisted refugees (GARs) and privately sponsored refugees (PSRs), as well as with refugee claimants who did not become permanent residents in Canada (RC-NPRs).

Release date: 2020-11-12
42. Occupations of South Asian, Chinese and Black women: Prevalence and age composition
Articles and reports: 75-004-M2020002
Description:
Among the employed population, women are generally younger than men. Furthermore, there are notable differences for particular occupations, which is even more pronounced for certain groups of women. This study uses data primarily from the 2016 Census of Population to examine the prevalence and age composition of three groups of women-South Asian, Chinese and Black-across occupations of various skill levels.

Release date: 2020-10-22
43. A Canada–U.S. Comparison of the Economic Outcomes of STEM Immigrants
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020016
Description:
In both Canada and the United States, immigrants constitute a disproportionately large share of the supply of university-educated labour trained in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article examines the Canada–U.S. differences in the occupational skill utilization and earnings of STEM-educated immigrant workers. Using data from the 2016 Census for Canada and the combined 2015 to 2017 American Community Survey, this analysis focuses on immigrants with a university degree in a STEM field who were aged 25 to 64 and arrived as adults.
Release date: 2020-09-28
44. Equally mobile, equally stable: Gender convergence in labour mobility and job stability in Canada
Articles and reports: 75-004-M2020001
Description:
Data from the Labour Force Survey covering the period from 1976 to 2018 is used to report on trends in labour mobility (the likelihood of starting a new job) and job stability (the likelihood that a job will continue for a prescribed length of time) of Canadian men and women aged 20 to 54. It addresses how the patterns in new hires and job stability contribute to our understanding of gender wage gap in Canada.

Release date: 2020-08-28
45. Which Bachelor's Degree Programs Were Associated with the Highest Pay Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Focus on Very Detailed Fields of Study
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020018
Description:
This study reports on the median earnings of bachelor's degree graduates five years after graduation (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic), after adjusting for age, institution, and year of graduation. Results are shown for 118 fields for men and for 123 fields for women. This information is highly relevant to students, who must select specific disciplines and base their decisions in part on the earnings associated with disciplines.

Release date: 2020-08-24
46. Which Master's Degree Programs Were Associated with the Highest Pay Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Focus on Very Detailed Fields of Study
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020019
Description:
This study reports on the median earnings of master's degree graduates five years after graduation (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic), after adjusting for age, institution, and year of graduation. Results are shown for 77 fields for men and for 95 fields for women. Students may benefit from this information since they must apply to specific programs, as opposed to broader categories that are more often reported in studies.

Release date: 2020-08-24
47. Which Doctoral Degree Programs Were Associated with the Highest Pay Prior to the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Focus on Very Detailed Fields of Study
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020020
Description:
This study reports on the median earnings of doctoral degree graduates five years after graduation (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic), after adjusting for age, institution, and year of graduation. Results are shown for 29 fields for men and for 22 fields for women. This detailed level of information could be beneficial to students, who must apply to specific academic programs rather than broad groupings of disciplines that are often reported in studies.

Release date: 2020-08-24
48. Two-step Immigration Selection: Recent Trends in Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes
Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020011
Description:
This article examines whether the increased selection of economic immigrants from among temporary foreign workers accounted for the recent improvement in immigrants’ employment rates and entry earnings. Immigrants who were former temporary foreign workers, particularly those with medium or high levels of pre-immigration Canadian earnings, had higher employment rates and earnings after immigration than other immigrants. The expansion of two step immigration selection was the driving force for the recent improvement in new immigrants’ labour market outcomes. It is the third of five articles on the two-step selection process.

Release date: 2020-07-22
49. Decomposing the Between-firm Employment Earnings Dispersion in the Canadian Business Sector: The Role of Firm Characteristics
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020006
Description:
This paper examines the role of firm characteristics in accounting for the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion in the Canadian business sector between 2002 and 2015. It uses two decomposition methods to analyze the level of and changes in the between-firm average employment earnings dispersion by firm characteristics, such as productivity, globalization status (importing, exporting, foreign ownership), technology intensity, firm size, firm age, industry and geographic region.
Release date: 2020-02-20
50. Understanding Developments in Individuals’ Earnings Dispersion in Canada Using Matched Employer–Employee Data
Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020007
Description:
The dispersion of earnings among workers may come from multiple sources. It may reflect differences in workers’ characteristics, such as education and experience. It may also be because workers are employed at different firms that pay differently. Recent studies from other countries have found that firms play an important role in explaining earnings disparities among workers, often through the link between productivity and pay. However, there has been no Canadian evidence on the link between the earnings dispersion and firm differences because of a lack of matched employer–employee data. This paper presents developments in the dispersion of individuals’ earnings in Canada and examines the potential of firm characteristics to account for this dispersion and changes in this dispersion in the post-2000 period using the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database.
Release date: 2020-02-20

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Date modified:: 2024-06-12