Immigrants and non-permanent residents
Key indicators |
Selected geographical area:Canada
-
41,417,056-0.1%
(quarterly change) -
2,558,562-4.4%
(quarterly change)
More immigrants and non-permanent residents indicators
Selected geographical area:Canada
-
83,149-20.2%
(year-over-year change)
-
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a college or university credential - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)57.5% -
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)32.9% -
Percentage point change in adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2016 to 2021)4.3
(period-to-period change) -
Overqualification rate of immigrants aged 25 to 64 with a degree completed outside Canada - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)25.8% -
21.9
-
17.7
-
22.3
-
1,212,075
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- Census of Population (438)
- Longitudinal Immigration Database (100)
- National Household Survey (56)
- Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component (20)
- Labour Force Survey (19)
- Quarterly Demographic Estimates (16)
- Postsecondary Student Information System (10)
- Annual Demographic Estimates: Canada, Provinces and Territories (8)
- Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (8)
- Canadian Housing Statistics Program (8)
- Annual Demographic Estimates : Subprovincial Areas (7)
- Vital Statistics - Birth Database (5)
- Vital Statistics - Death Database (5)
- Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database (5)
- Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (5)
- Census of Agriculture (4)
- Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (4)
- General Social Survey - Victimization (4)
- General Social Survey - Social Identity (4)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Labour Statistics Program (4)
- Linkable File Environment (4)
- Canadian Survey on Disability (3)
- Survey of Financial Security (2)
- Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (2)
- National Population Health Survey: Household Component, Longitudinal (2)
- General Social Survey - Family (2)
- Population projections on immigration and diversity for Canada and its regions (2)
- Job Vacancy and Wage Survey (2)
- Canadian Housing Survey (2)
- Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) (2)
- Labour Market and Socio-economic Indicators (2)
- Survey on Health Care Access and Experiences - Primary and Specialist Care (SHCAE-PSC) (2)
- Survey of Earned Doctorates (1)
- Registered Apprenticeship Information System (1)
- Estimates of population, by marital status or legal marital Status, age and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories (1)
- Adult Education and Training Survey (1)
- Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1)
- Census of Population - Reverse Record Check (1)
- Longitudinal Administrative Databank (1)
- Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (1)
- Employment Insurance Coverage Survey (1)
- General Social Survey - Giving, Volunteering and Participating (1)
- Ontario Adult Literacy Survey (1)
- General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving (1)
- National Graduates Survey (1)
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- Canadian Health Measures Survey (1)
- Survey on the Vitality of Official-Language Minorities (1)
- Study on International Money Transfers (1)
- The Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (1)
- Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians: Data Collection Series (1)
- Portrait of Canadian Society (1)
- Canadian Social Survey (1)
- Survey on Health Care Workers' Experiences During the Pandemic (1)
- Survey Series on People and their Communities (1)
- General Social Survey Historical Database (1)
Results
All (946)
All (946) (0 to 10 of 946 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600600005Description: Using data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this article examines recent trends in the admission, retention and labour market outcomes of foreign postdoctoral fellows in Canada. Foreign postdoctoral fellows are identified as individuals whose first Canadian work permit was issued under the Labour Market Impact Assessment exemption code designated for postdoctoral appointments within the International Mobility Program (IMP). Their outcomes are compared with those of other IMP work permit holders, Temporary Foreign Worker Program participants and immigrants who entered Canada directly as permanent residents.Release date: 2026-06-24
- Stats in brief: 11-001-X202617522588Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2026-06-24
- Stats in brief: 11-001-X20261684098Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2026-06-17
- Data Visualization: 71-607-X2025008Description: This interactive dashboard allows the user to visualize the components of international migration and how they have changed over time for Canada, the provinces and territories. The dashboard shows the number, the proportion relative to Canada, and the rate of each migration component (net international migration, immigrants, net non-permanent residents, and net emigration). The user can view the data for Canada or select a province or territory of interest as well as the reference period.Release date: 2026-06-17
- Data Visualization: 71-607-X2025009Description: This interactive dashboard allows the user to visualize estimates of the number of non-permanent residents (NPRs) by type and how they have changed over time for Canada, the provinces and territories. The dashboard shows estimates of the total number of NPRs, the proportion of NPRs in the population, the distribution of NPRs by type, as well as their provincial and territorial distribution. The user can view data for Canada or select a province or territory of interest based on the chosen NPR type and reference period.Release date: 2026-06-17
- Table: 17-10-0040-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: QuarterlyDescription: Components of international migratory increase, quarterly: immigrants, emigrants, returning emigrants, net temporary emigrants, net non-permanent residents.Release date: 2026-06-17
- Table: 17-10-0121-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: QuarterlyDescription: This table provides quarterly estimates of the number of non-permanent residents by type for Canada, provinces and territories.Release date: 2026-06-17
- 8. Labour force characteristics of immigrants, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonalityTable: 14-10-0471-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: MonthlyDescription: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by gender, age group and immigrant status, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality.Release date: 2026-06-05
- Table: 14-10-0471-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: MonthlyDescription: Number of immigrants in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by gender, age group, and country of birth, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality.Release date: 2026-06-05
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500002Description: This article examines trades certification outcomes from 2008 to 2023 among apprentices who were childhood immigrants, compared with their Canadian-born counterparts, across eight registration cohorts (2008 to 2015).Release date: 2026-05-27
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Data (508)
Data (508) (50 to 60 of 508 results)
- Table: 33-10-0845-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: Annual counts of enterprises by immigrant status of owner (admitted less than 5 years ago, admitted 5 to 9 years ago, etc.) and revenue groups.Release date: 2024-09-10
- Table: 33-10-0850-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: Annual counts of enterprises by immigrant status of owner (admitted less than 5 years ago, admitted 5 to 9 years ago, etc.) and enterprise size.Release date: 2024-09-10
- Table: 33-10-0855-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: Annual counts of enterprises by immigrant status of owner (admitted less than 5 years ago, admitted 5 to 9 years ago, etc.) and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).Release date: 2024-09-10
- Table: 98-10-0641-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (4)Description: Highest certificate, diploma or degree by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0642-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (17), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Employment income (2), Census year (4)Description: Average and median employment income by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0643-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Labour force status (3A), Census year (2)Description: Labour force status by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0644-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)Description: Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0645-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Class of worker (5B), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Percent, Census year (2)Description: Class of worker – variant on self-employed by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0646-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)Description: Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
- Table: 98-10-0648-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: OccasionalUniverse: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample dataVariable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.Release date: 2024-03-26
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Analysis (413)
Analysis (413) (0 to 10 of 413 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600600005Description: Using data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this article examines recent trends in the admission, retention and labour market outcomes of foreign postdoctoral fellows in Canada. Foreign postdoctoral fellows are identified as individuals whose first Canadian work permit was issued under the Labour Market Impact Assessment exemption code designated for postdoctoral appointments within the International Mobility Program (IMP). Their outcomes are compared with those of other IMP work permit holders, Temporary Foreign Worker Program participants and immigrants who entered Canada directly as permanent residents.Release date: 2026-06-24
- Stats in brief: 11-001-X202617522588Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2026-06-24
- Stats in brief: 11-001-X20261684098Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2026-06-17
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500002Description: This article examines trades certification outcomes from 2008 to 2023 among apprentices who were childhood immigrants, compared with their Canadian-born counterparts, across eight registration cohorts (2008 to 2015).Release date: 2026-05-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600500004Description: This article provides a broad assessment of occupational match and associated earnings outcomes among immigrants admitted to Canada from 2010 to 2020. Using linked data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and the 2021 Census, the study examines the extent to which recent immigrants work in occupations aligned with their intended occupation at admission, identifies the characteristics associated with occupational match, and analyzes the earnings implications of matching versus not matching into intended occupations.Release date: 2026-05-27
- 6. Exploring the use of Canada Border Services Agency's Entry and Exit Data for Demographics EstimatesArticles and reports: 91F0015M2026002Description: Statistics Canada acquired Entry and Exit data from the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA). This data could enable many development projects related to demographic estimates. This report discusses the potential of this new source of data to refine the measurement of some of the demographic estimates program’s components.Release date: 2026-04-29
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600400003Description: In recent years, the entry earnings of newly admitted immigrants to Canada have exhibited substantial year-to-year fluctuations. Notably, first-year earnings increased by 21% for the 2020 admission cohort relative to the previous cohort and by 11% for the 2021 cohort, followed by a 13% decline for the 2022 cohort—despite a continued modest rise in the median wage among all Canadian workers. This article examines the extent to which these fluctuations reflect changes in immigrant selection and broader labour market conditions. Using data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database, the analysis focuses on admission cohorts from 2015 to 2022 and measures earnings (annual wages or salaries) in immigrants’ first full calendar year after admission.Release date: 2026-04-22
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202600400004Description: The experience of loneliness is not evenly distributed in the population but disproportionately affects certain social groups. For example, persons with disabilities have a greater risk of loneliness than persons without disabilities and immigrants have a greater risk of loneliness than Canadian-born persons. This study examines how differences in the experience of loneliness between immigrants and Canadian-born persons with disabilities emerge in the context of socioeconomic participation (employment and school attendance) and socioeconomic deprivation (food insecurity, core housing need, low-income status), using data from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability.Release date: 2026-04-22
- Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600100004Description: This study uses data from the 2024 Survey on Health Care Access and Experiences – Primary and Specialist Care to analyze the prevalence of having a regular health care provider among immigrants and non-immigrants. Specifically, the study examines differences in access between recent immigrants, established immigrants and non-immigrants, and how these patterns vary by demographic and socioeconomic factors.Release date: 2026-04-22
- Articles and reports: 75-006-X202600100005Description: The article examines the prevalence of having a regular health care provider (RHCP) among the seven largest racialized groups in Canada. Specifically, using data from the 2024 Canadian Community Health Survey, the article shows how the proportion of people who have an RHCP differs between and within the racialized populations and the non-racialized and non-Indigenous population and varies across racialized groups based on demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, immigrant status, immigration period and provincial region.Release date: 2026-04-22
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Reference (25)
Reference (25) (0 to 10 of 25 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2026002Description: Recent changes in Canada’s immigration levels have heightened interest in understanding how immigration affects housing demand. This article develops a methodological framework for projecting housing use associated with permanent residents (PRs) and non-permanent residents (NPRs) under alternative immigration scenarios. The framework applies observed per capita housing use rates from the Census of Population to estimate incremental housing use by tenure over time.Release date: 2026-04-24
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2025004Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.Release date: 2025-12-08
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2024004Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 40 years.Release date: 2024-12-09
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2024001Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.Release date: 2024-01-22
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-657-X2023001Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources and reference years, and accessible levels of geographical disaggregation. Each indicator has various corresponding products (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents).Release date: 2023-03-29
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2022009Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years.
This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2022-12-05 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021025Description: This video is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Place of birth, Citizenship and Immigration concepts as well as the importance of collecting data on these topics. You will also learn about other derived concepts such as generation status, immigration status, admissions category, applicant type, year of immigration, age at immigration, year of arrival, pre-admission experience and province or territory of intended destination. Data on these are used to evaluate policies and programs and compare social and economic conditions of immigrants over time.Release date: 2022-11-09
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021008Description: The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.Release date: 2021-12-06
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2021002Description:
The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2021-02-01 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2019005Description:
The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 35 years. The IMDB includes Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) administrative records which contain exhaustive information about immigrants who were admitted to Canada since 1952. It also includes data about non-permanent residents who have been issued temporary resident permits since 1980. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
The IMDB was released in stages. The sections 2.2 and 7 of this report were revised to take the updates into account.
Release date: 2020-07-20