Immigrants and non-permanent residents

All (142) (0 to 10 of 142 results)

• 1. Labour force characteristics by immigrant status, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality

  Table: 14-10-0082-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area

  Frequency: Monthly

  Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 months.

  Release date: 2024-06-07

  ---

• 2. Highest level of education by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0641-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (4)

  Description: Highest certificate, diploma or degree by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 3. Average and median employment income by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0642-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (17), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Employment income (2), Census year (4)

  Description: Average and median employment income by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 4. Labour force status by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0643-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Labour force status (3A), Census year (2)

  Description: Labour force status by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 5. Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0644-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 6. Class of worker by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0645-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Class of worker (5B), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Class of worker – variant on self-employed by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 7. Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0646-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 8. Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0648-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)

  Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 9. Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0650-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)

  Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

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• 10. Mobility of immigrant taxfilers by census metropolitan areas and tax year

  Table: 43-10-0022-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Annual

  Description:

  Immigrant mobility, by age and sex, knowledge of official languages at admission, pre-admission experience, immigrant admission category, admission year and tax year, for Canada, provinces and census metropolitan areas.

  Release date: 2024-01-22

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Data (132) (0 to 10 of 132 results)

• 1. Labour force characteristics by immigrant status, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality

  Table: 14-10-0082-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area

  Frequency: Monthly

  Description: Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate, and employment rate, by immigrant status and age group, last 5 months.

  Release date: 2024-06-07

  ---

• 2. Highest level of education by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0641-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (7A), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (4)

  Description: Highest certificate, diploma or degree by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 3. Average and median employment income by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0642-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016, 2011 and 2006 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (17), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Employment income (2), Census year (4)

  Description: Average and median employment income by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 4. Labour force status by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0643-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Labour force status (3A), Census year (2)

  Description: Labour force status by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 5. Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0644-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 6. Class of worker by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0645-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Class of worker (5B), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Class of worker – variant on self-employed by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 7. Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0646-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)

  Description: Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 8. Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0648-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)

  Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 9. Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts

  Table: 98-10-0650-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Occasional

  Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample data

  Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)

  Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.

  Release date: 2024-03-26

  ---

• 10. Mobility of immigrant taxfilers by census metropolitan areas and tax year

  Table: 43-10-0022-01

  Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part

  Frequency: Annual

  Description:

  Immigrant mobility, by age and sex, knowledge of official languages at admission, pre-admission experience, immigrant admission category, admission year and tax year, for Canada, provinces and census metropolitan areas.

  Release date: 2024-01-22

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Analysis (10) ((10 results))

• 1. Residential Property Ownership Among Refugees in Vancouver and Toronto Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019011

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description: From 1980 to 2017, Canada welcomed 1,088,000 refugees, an average of about 30,000 per year. For many refugees, homeownership is an important milestone in their path to social and economic integration. This article in the Economic Insights series highlights new data on homeownership among residents who came to Canada as resettled refugees. It reports on how the stock of refugee-owned housing in Vancouver and Toronto compares to that of Canadian-born residents, highlighting differences in property values across various segments of the housing market. Information on the location, age and size of properties and on the age and income of property owners is used to assess relative differences in property values between the two groups. Estimates are based on data developed by the Canadian Housing Statistics Program, released in December 2018.

  Release date: 2019-06-18

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• 2. Immigrant Ownership of Residential Properties in Toronto and Vancouver Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019001

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This article in the Economic Insights series highlights new data on the ownership of residential properties in Toronto and Vancouver. It focuses solely on residential properties owned by Canadian residents, and evaluates how the housing assets of immigrants differ from those owned by Canadian-born residents. It reports on the prevalence of immigrant ownership for different types of housing, including single-detached houses, semi-detached houses, row houses and condominium apartments, and compares the property values of Canadian-born and immigrant-owned assets. Information on the location, age and size of properties is used to assess differences in the relative value of immigrant-owned housing.

  Release date: 2019-01-29

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• 3. Economic Immigrants in Gateway Cities: Factors Involved in Their Initial Location and Onward Migration Decisions Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018411

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  Immigrants tend to reside disproportionately in larger Canadian cities, which may challenge their absorptive capacity. This study uses the linked Longitudinal Immigration Database and T1 Family File to examine the initial location and onward migration decisions of immigrants who are economic principal applicants (EPAs) and who have landed since the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed. The main objective of the study is to identify the factors associated with initially residing and remaining in Canada’s three largest gateway cities: Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver (referred to as MTV).

  Release date: 2018-12-07

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• 4. Settlement patterns and social integration of the population with an immigrant background in the Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver metropolitan areas Archived

  Articles and reports: 89-657-X2016002

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This study examines the settlement patterns of the immigrant population as well as certain social integration components. It starts by outlining recent trends in the settlement patterns of the immigrant population in Canadian census metropolitan areas, namely Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver. Based on data from the 2013 General Social Survey on Social Identity, it then looks at residence characteristics, such as type of municipality and concentration of immigrant population, according to four social integration components: personal network characteristics, relationships with neighbours, social participation and involvement in community activities, and sense of belonging.

  Release date: 2017-05-08

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• 5. Immigrant populations and myocardial infarctions Archived

  Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110446

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  Immigrants have health advantages over native-born Canadians, but those advantages are threatened by specific risk situations. This study explores cardiovascular health outcomes in districts of Montréal classified by the proportion of immigrants in the population, using a principal component analysis. The first three components are immigration, degree of socio-economic disadvantage and degree of economic disadvantage. The incidence of myocardial infarction is lower in districts with large immigrant populations than in districts dominated by native-born Canadians. Mortality rates are associated with the degree of socio-economic disadvantage, while revascularization is associated with the proportion of seniors in the population.

  Release date: 2008-03-17

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• 6. Birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration in Toronto Archived

  Articles and reports: 82-003-X200601010356

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This article examines differences in birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration for singleton live births in Toronto. The birth data were extracted from hospital discharge abstracts compiled by the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

  Release date: 2007-11-13

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• 7. Summary Of: Are Immigrants Buying to Get In?: The Role of Ethnic Clustering on the Homeownership Propensities of 12 Toronto Immigrant Groups, 1996-2001 Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005253

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled Are immigrants buying to get in? The role of ethnic clustering on the homeownership propensities of 12 Toronto immigrant groups, 1996-2001. Spatial assimilation theory is a model of status attainment that links the spatial and social positions of minority group members (Massey and Denton 1985). If applied to immigrants, the model would suggest that immigrants would first cluster in typically poor neighbourhoods with high concentrations of co-ethnics, but that ethnic concentration should be temporary and of declining utility. Once an immigrant family's socioeconomic status improves, they should merge into the residential 'mainstream' by moving to a better, and typically less segregated, neighbourhood (Massey and Denton 1985). Further, although housing tenure is not an explicit dimension of spatial assimilation theory, given the well-established relationship between income, human capital and homeownership (Balakrishnan and Wu 1992; Laryea 1999), and the importance of homeownership as an indicator of well-being and residential assimilation (Myers and Lee 1998), part of an immigrant family's socioeconomic ascent should be a shift from tenant to homeowner (Alba and Logan 1992). Spatial assimilation theory would further predict that same-group concentration should be inversely related to homeownership since ethnic enclaves are typically conceived of as poor rental zones (Fong and Gulia 1999; Myles and Hou 2004).

  Recent research (Alba and Nee 2003; Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), however, finds that some immigrant groups may be choosing against spatial assimilation to form more durable 'ethnic communities' (Logan, Alba, and Zhang 2002), giving rise to a positive and growing 'enclave effect' on homeownership (Borjas 2002). In this paper, an enclave effect is evaluated as an explanation for the 1996-2001 homeownership patterns of Toronto's 12 largest recent immigrant groups. Using longitudinally-consistent and temporally-antecedent 1996 neighbourhood ethnic composition data this paper aims to determine if immigrants buy homes outside their enclaves or prefer an owner-occupied neighbourhood of same-group members. To this end, the paper discusses the potential benefits of living and buying in an enclave; it develops a predictive framework for determining which groups might benefit from owner-occupied ethnic communities; it also examines the issue of 'neighbourhood disequilibrium' and evaluates the enclave effect on homeownership using a sample of recent (1996-2001) movers, their 1996 neighbourhood ethnic characteristics, and bivariate probit models with sample selection corrections (Van de Ven and Van Praag 1981).

  Release date: 2005-05-26

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• 8. The Decline of the Immigrant Homeownership Advantage: Life-cycle, Declining Fortunes and Changing Housing Careers in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, 1981-2001 Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005238

  Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  In the past, working-age immigrant families in Canada's large urban centres had higher homeownership rates than the Canadian-born. Over the past twenty years however, this advantage has reversed, due jointly to a drop in immigrant rates and a rise in the popularity of homeownership among the Canadian-born. This paper assesses the efficacy of standard consumer choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to explain these changes. The main findings are that the standard model almost completely explains the immigrant homeownership advantage in 1981, as well as the rise over time among the Canadian-born, but even after accounting for the well-known decline in immigrant economic fortunes, only about one-third of the 1981-2001 immigrant change in homeownership rates is explained. The implications of this inability are discussed and several suggestions for further research are made.

  Release date: 2005-02-03

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• 9. Neighbourhood Attainment and Residential Segregation Among Toronto's Visible Minorities Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003206

  Geography: Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  Since the 1960s, the social complexion of Toronto's urban landscape has been irreversibly altered as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. This product examines the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto's three largest racial minorities - Blacks, Chinese and South Asians.

  Unlike previous studies based on aggregate level data and 'ecological' correlations, this product assesses the capacity of conventional spatial assimilation theory to account for these differences, using 'locational attainment' models estimated with micro-data from the 1996 Census of Canada. Conclusions show that the residential settlement patterns of South Asians and, strikingly, Blacks fit the expectations of the conventional spatial assimilation model rather well. Initial settlement is in disadvantaged immigrant enclaves from which longer-term, more successful migrants subsequently exit as they purchase homes in more affluent neighbourhoods. Although Toronto's 'Black neighbourhoods' are decidedly poorer than other minority neighbourhoods, most Blacks do not live in these neighbourhoods. In contrast, Chinese immigrants move quickly to purchase homes in somewhat more affluent and enduring ethnic communities. This product shows that, rather than being historically novel, however, the Chinese are replicating the settlement pattern of earlier southern European (particularly Italian) immigrants and for much the same reasons (i.e., relative advantage in the housing market and low levels of language assimilation).

  Release date: 2003-07-30

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• 10. Visible Minority Neighbourhood Enclaves and Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2003204

  Geography: Canada, Census metropolitan area

  Description:

  Using Census data from 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996, this study examined the association between living in a visible minority enclave and immigrants' labour market outcomes in Canada's three largest cities. The results showed that the number of such enclaves, defined as census tracts with at least 30% of the population from a single visible minority group (Chinese, South Asian or Black), increased from 6 in 1981 to 142 in 1996, mostly in Toronto and Vancouver. The association between exposure to own-group neighbours and employment was at times negative, but generally not significant. Exposure to own-group neighbours and working in a segregated occupation was positively, but not significantly, associated. Little association existed between exposure and employment earnings. However, there were some important group differences. The associations between exposure to own-group neighbours and labour market outcomes were usually very weak among Chinese immigrants, but often negative and strong among Black immigrants.

  Release date: 2003-07-09

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