Keyword search

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin

Description: This web application provides access to data on the sales of food services and drinking places for Canada, provinces and territories. This dynamic application allows users to compare provincial and territorial data with interactive maps and charts. All data in this release are seasonally adjusted and expressed in current dollars.

Description: Statistics Canada produces a variety of interactive visualization tools that present data in a graphical form. These tools provide a useful way of interpreting trends behind our data on various social and economic topics.

Description:

Monthly gross new issues, retirements and net new issues of debt securities, including direct and guaranteed bonds, Treasury Bills, and Canada Bills, by geography for the Government of Canada. Also included historical data by security type (common stocks, preferred stocks, trust units, bonds, treasury bills, commercial paper, and term securitizations), and by issuer type (provincial, municipal, corporate, institutions, and foreign debtors).

Description: Quarterly data by level of government.

Description:

Month-end Government of Canada direct bonds outstanding data by currency. Also included historical data by currency for provinces, municipalities, corporations and other institutions.

Description: This table contains 39 series, with data for starting from 1991 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Financial market statistics (39 items: Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 1-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 2-month (composite rates); Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 3-month (composite rates);Government of Canada Treasury Bills, 6-month (composite rates); ...).

Description:

Historical (real-time) releases of wholesale sales, price and volume, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data is seasonally adjusted and available on a monthly basis in dollars x 1,000,000.

Description:

Historical releases of wholesale trade sales, available for all members under release and adjustment dimensions, for Canada, provinces and territories, available on a monthly basis in dollars x 1,000.

Description: Natural gas deliveries to residential, industrial, commercial and institutional customers in gigajoules, cubic metres and Canadian dollars, monthly, January 2016 to present.

Description: Quarterly data, in real terms, by category and type of expenditure.

Description: Quarterly data, in real terms, by category and type of expenditure.

Description: Quarterly data, in real terms, by category and type of expenditure.

Description: Quarterly data, in current dollars, by seasonal adjustment and by category and type of expenditure.

Description: Number of jobs generated through tourism activities in tourism related industries, by seasonal adjustment.

Description: Quarterly implicit price indexes for tourism commodities, 2017=100.

Description: Quarterly data, in real terms.

Description:

This table contains 21 series, with data for years 1986 - 2017 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada);  Prices (2 items: Current prices; 2007 constant prices);  Activities (7 items: Tourism gross domestic product (GDP); Total tourism industries; Transportation; Accommodation; ...);  Seasonal adjustment (2 items: Unadjusted; Seasonally adjusted at quarterly rates).

Description: Quarterly data, using data seasonally adjusted at annual rates.

Description:

In survey sampling, Taylor linearization is often used to obtain variance estimators for calibration estimators of totals and nonlinear finite population (or census) parameters, such as ratios, regression and correlation coefficients, which can be expressed as smooth functions of totals. Taylor linearization is generally applicable to any sampling design, but it can lead to multiple variance estimators that are asymptotically design unbiased under repeated sampling. The choice among the variance estimators requires other considerations such as (i) approximate unbiasedness for the model variance of the estimator under an assumed model, (ii) validity under a conditional repeated sampling framework. In this paper, a new approach to deriving Taylor linearization variance estimators is proposed. It leads directly to a variance estimator which satisfies the above considerations at least in a number of important cases. The method is applied to a variety of problems, covering estimators of a total as well as other estimators defined either explicitly or implicitly as solutions of estimating equations. In particular, estimators of logistic regression parameters with calibration weights are studied. It leads to a new variance estimator for a general class of calibration estimators that includes generalized raking ratio and generalized regression estimators. The proposed method is extended to two-phase sampling to obtain a variance estimator that makes fuller use of the first phase sample data compared to traditional linearization variance estimators.

Description:

In the U.S. Census of Population and Housing, a sample of about one-in-six of the households receives a longer version of the census questionnaire called the long form. All others receive a version called the short form. Raking, using selected control totals from the short form, has been used to create two sets of weights for long form estimation; one for individuals and one for households. We describe a weight construction method based on quadratic programming that produces household weights such that the weighted sum for individual characteristics and for household characteristics agree closely with selected short form totals. The method is broadly applicable to situations where weights are to be constructed to meet both size bounds and sum-to-control restrictions. Application to the situation where the controls are estimates with an estimated covariance matrix is described.

Description:

The weighting cell estimator corrects for unit nonresponse by dividing the sample into homogeneous groups (cells) and applying a ratio correction to the respondents within each cell. Previous studies of the statistical properties of weighting cell estimators have assumed that these cells correspond to known population cells with homogeneous characteristics. In this article, we study the properties of the weighting cell estimator under a response probability model that does not require correct specification of homogeneous population cells. Instead, we assume that the response probabilities are a smooth but otherwise unspecified function of a known auxiliary variable. Under this more general model, we study the robustness of the weighting cell estimator against model misspecification. We show that, even when the population cells are unknown, the estimator is consistent with respect to the sampling design and the response model. We describe the effect of the number of weighting cells on the asymptotic properties of the estimator. Simulation experiments explore the finite sample properties of the estimator. We conclude with some guidance on how to select the size and number of cells for practical implementation of weighting cell estimation when those cells cannot be specified a priori.

Description:

When imputation is used to assign values for missing items in sample surveys, naïve methods of estimating the variances of survey estimates that treat the imputed values as if they were observed give biased variance estimates. This article addresses the problem of variance estimation for a linear estimator in which missing values are assigned by a single hot deck imputation (a form of imputation that is widely used in practice). We propose estimators of the variance of a linear hot deck imputed estimator using a decomposition of the total variance suggested by Särndal (1992). A conditional approach to variance estimation is developed that is applicable to both weighted and unweighted hot deck imputation. Estimation of the variance of a domain estimator is also examined.

Description:

One of the main objectives of a sample survey is the computation of estimates of means and totals for specific domains of interest. Domains are determined either before the survey is carried out (primary domains) or after it has been carried out (secondary domains). The reliability of the associated estimates depends on the variability of the sample size as well as on the y-variables of interest. This variability cannot be controlled in the absence of auxiliary information for subgroups of the population. However, if auxiliary information is available, the estimated reliability of the resulting estimates can be controlled to some extent. In this paper, we study the potential improvements in terms of the reliability of domain estimates that use auxiliary information. The properties (bias, coverage, efficiency) of various estimators that use auxiliary information are compared using a conditional approach.

Description:

This article studies the use of the sample distribution for the prediction of finite population totals under single-stage sampling. The proposed predictors employ the sample values of the target study variable, the sampling weights of the sample units and possibly known population values of auxiliary variables. The prediction problem is solved by estimating the expectation of the study values for units outside the sample as a function of the corresponding expectation under the sample distribution and the sampling weights. The prediction mean square error is estimated by a combination of an inverse sampling procedure and a re-sampling method. An interesting outcome of the present analysis is that several familiar estimators in common use are shown to be special cases of the proposed approach, thus providing them a new interpretation. The performance of the new and some old predictors in common use is evaluated and compared by a Monte Carlo simulation study using a real data set.

Description:

Multilevel models are often fitted to survey data gathered with a complex multistage sampling design. However, if such a design is informative, in the sense that the inclusion probabilities depend on the response variable even after conditioning on the covariates, then standard maximum likelihood estimators are biased. In this paper, following the Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) approach of Skinner (1989), we propose a probability weighted estimation procedure for multilevel ordinal and binary models which eliminates the bias generated by the informativeness of the design. The reciprocals of the inclusion probabilities at each sampling stage are used to weight the log likelihood function and the weighted estimators obtained in this way are tested by means of a simulation study for the simple case of a binary random intercept model with and without covariates. The variance estimators are obtained by a bootstrap procedure. The maximization of the weighted log likelihood of the model is done by the NLMIXED procedure of the SAS, which is based on adaptive Gaussian quadrature. Also the bootstrap estimation of variances is implemented in the SAS environment.

Description:

The Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) was not designed to be a longitudinal survey. However, given that respondent households typically remain in the sample for six consecutive months, it is possible to reconstruct six-month fragments of longitudinal data from the monthly records of household members. Such longitudinal micro-data - altogether consisting of millions of person-months of individual and family level data - is useful for analyses of monthly labour market dynamics over relatively long periods of time, 25 years and more.

We make use of these data to estimate hazard functions describing transitions among the labour market states: self-employed, paid employee and not employed. Data on job tenure, for employed respondents, and on the date last worked, for those not employed - together with the date of survey responses - allow the construction of models that include terms reflecting seasonality and macro-economic cycles as well as the duration dependence of each type of transition. In addition, the LFS data permits spouse labour market activity and family composition variables to be included in the hazard models as time-varying covariates. The estimated hazard equations have been incorporated in the LifePaths microsimulation model. In that setting, the equations have been used to simulate lifetime employment activity from past, present and future birth cohorts. Simulation results have been validated by comparison with the age profiles of LFS employment/population ratios for the period 1976 to 2001.

Description:

Combining response data from the Belgian Fertility and Family Survey with individual level and municipality level data from the 1991 Census for both nonrespondents and respondents, multilevel logistic regression models for contact and cooperation propensity are estimated. The covariates introduced are a selection of indirect features, all out of the researchers' direct control. Contrary to previous research, Socio Economic Status is found to be positively related to cooperation. Another unexpected result is the absence of any considerable impact of ecological correlates such as urbanity.

Description:

In this Issue is a column where the Editor biefly presents each paper of the current issue of Survey Methodology. As well, it sometimes contain informations on structure or management changes in the journal.

Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.

Description: This product contains gridded datasets of annual and 30-year average estimates of water yield. Tracking water yield—an estimate of renewable water supply derived from National Water Data Archive (HYDAT) streamflow data—provides information to help understand water resources available for human use and ecosystem needs. Annual datasets are available for the years 1971 to 2021 and cover southern Canada. Thirty-year averages are available for 1971-2000, 1981-2010, and 1991-2020. They cover the terrestrial and freshwater extent of Canada, except for the Arctic Archipelago.

Description: This product contains specifications intended for users of the water yield geospatial files. This document provides important technical information for users and links to methodology.

Description: Spatial information products provide users with data for visualization, reference, mapping and spatial analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). Available files include spatial environmental data as well as documentation and metadata. This information is released as part of a suite of products associated with the Census of Environment (CoE). The CoE organizes data about Canada’s natural environment using the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting international statistical standard, which takes a spatial approach to accounting for Canada’s ecosystems and natural capital.

Description: These reference guides are intended for users of the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP). The guide provides an overview of the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) and the Registered Apprenticeship Information System (RAIS), the general methodology used to create longitudinal indicators, and important technical information for users.

Description: This guide is intended to provide a detailed review of both the 2022 IPS and IPS–NIS with respect to subject matter and methodological approaches. It is designed to help data users by serving as a guide to the concepts and measures of the survey as well as the technical details of the survey’s design, field work and data processing. This guide is meant to provide users with helpful information on how to use and interpret survey results. The discussion on data quality also allows users to review the strengths and limitations of the data for their particular needs.

Chapter 1 of this guide provides an overview of the 2022 IPS and IPS–NIS by introducing the survey background and objectives. Chapter 2 outlines the survey’s themes and explains the key concepts and definitions used for the survey. Chapters 3 to 6 cover important aspects of the survey methodology, sampling design, data collection and processing. Chapters 7 and 8 review issues of data quality and caution users about comparing 2022 IPS or IPS–NIS data with data from other sources. Chapter 9 outlines the survey products available to the public, including data tables, analytical articles and reference material. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of survey indicators, extra coding categories and standard classifications used on both the IPS and the IPS–NIS. Lastly, a glossary of survey terms and information on confidence intervals is also provided.

Description: The Guide to Employment Insurance Statistics (EIS) summarizes the survey methodology and data source and includes a dictionary of concepts and definitions used by the program.

Description: This video is part of a series that is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Census of Population web pages. This video will provide an overview of the major links and products on the main page that are available to all users.

Description: This video is part of a series that is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Census of Population web pages. The purpose of this video is to explain where to find the most popular standard data product of the Census of Population, the 2021 Census Profile, and how to filter the data.

Description: This video is part of a series that is designed to give you a basic understanding of the Census of Population web pages. The purpose of this video is to explain how to add geographies in the 2021 Census Profile and to present the various downloading options to see the data.