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31. Income Research Paper Series
Journals and periodicals: 75F0002M
Description: This series provides detailed documentation on income developments, including survey design issues, data quality evaluation and exploratory research.
Release date: 2024-04-26
32. Improvements to the Canadian Income Survey Methodology for the 2022 Reference Year
Articles and reports: 75F0002M2024005
Description: The Canadian Income Survey (CIS) has introduced improvements to the methods and data sources used to produce income and poverty estimates with the release of its 2022 reference year estimates. Foremost among these improvements is a significant increase in the sample size for a large subset of the CIS content. The weighting methodology was also improved and the target population of the CIS was changed from persons aged 16 years and over to persons aged 15 years and over. This paper describes the changes made and presents the approximate net result of these changes on the income estimates and data quality of the CIS using 2021 data. The changes described in this paper highlight the ways in which data quality has been improved while having little impact on key CIS estimates and trends.
Release date: 2024-04-26
33. PASSAGES microsimulation model
Table: 89-26-0006
Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
Release date: 2024-04-23
34. Enhancing data for rural Canada: Small area estimation of remote work opportunities
Articles and reports: 18-001-X2024001
Description: This study applies small area estimation (SAE) and a new geographic concept called Self-contained Labor Area (SLA) to the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (CSBC) with a focus on remote work opportunities in rural labor markets. Through SAE modelling, we estimate the proportions of businesses, classified by general industrial sector (service providers and goods producers), that would primarily offer remote work opportunities to their workforce.
Release date: 2024-04-22
35. Study: Enhancing data for rural Canada: Small area estimation of remote work opportunities
Stats in brief: 11-001-X202411338008
Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin
Release date: 2024-04-22
36. A proposal for the problem of matching probabilities estimation in record linkage Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100001
Description: Record linkage aims at identifying record pairs related to the same unit and observed in two different data sets, say A and B. Fellegi and Sunter (1969) suggest each record pair is tested whether generated from the set of matched or unmatched pairs. The decision function consists of the ratio between m(y) and u(y),probabilities of observing a comparison y of a set of k>3 key identifying variables in a record pair under the assumptions that the pair is a match or a non-match, respectively. These parameters are usually estimated by means of the EM algorithm using as data the comparisons on all the pairs of the Cartesian product ?=A×B. These observations (on the comparisons and on the pairs status as match or non-match) are assumed as generated independently of other pairs, assumption characterizing most of the literature on record linkage and implemented in software tools (e.g. RELAIS, Cibella et al. 2012). On the contrary, comparisons y and matching status in ? are deterministically dependent. As a result, estimates on m(y) and u(y) based on the EM algorithm are usually bad. This fact jeopardizes the effective application of the Fellegi-Sunter method, as well as automatic computation of quality measures and possibility to apply efficient methods for model estimation on linked data (e.g. regression functions), as in Chambers et al. (2015). We propose to explore ? by a set of samples, each one drawn so to preserve independence of comparisons among the selected record pairs. Simulations are encouraging.
Release date: 2024-03-25
37. A case study of using Splink: Census duplicate matching Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100002
Description: The authors used the Splink probabilistic linkage package developed by the UK Ministry of Justice, to link census data from England and Wales to itself to find duplicate census responses. A large gold standard of confirmed census duplicates was available meaning that the results of the Splink implementation could be quality assured. This paper describes the implementation and features of Splink, gives details of the settings and parameters that we used to tune Splink for our particular project, and gives the results that we obtained.
Release date: 2024-03-25
38. A Model-based Disaggregation Method for Estimation of Adult Competency Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100003
Description: Estimation at fine levels of aggregation is necessary to better describe society. Small area estimation model-based approaches that combine sparse survey data with rich data from auxiliary sources have been proven useful to improve the reliability of estimates for small domains. Considered here is a scenario where small area model-based estimates, produced at a given aggregation level, needed to be disaggregated to better describe the social structure at finer levels. For this scenario, an allocation method was developed to implement the disaggregation, overcoming challenges associated with data availability and model development at such fine levels. The method is applied to adult literacy and numeracy estimation at the county-by-group-level, using data from the U.S. Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. In this application the groups are defined in terms of age or education, but the method could be applied to estimation of other equity-deserving groups.
Release date: 2024-03-25
39. Labour Force Survey initiatives under Statistics Canada’s Disaggregated Data Action Plan Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100004
Description: In accordance with Statistics Canada’s long-term Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP), several initiatives have been implemented into the Labour Force Survey (LFS). One of the more direct initiatives was a targeted increase in the size of the monthly LFS sample. Furthermore, a regular Supplement program was introduced, where an additional series of questions are asked to a subset of LFS respondents and analyzed in a monthly or quarterly production cycle. Finally, the production of modelled estimates based on Small Area Estimation (SAE) methodologies resumed for the LFS and will include a wider scope with more analytical value than what had existed in the past. This paper will give an overview of these three initiatives.
Release date: 2024-03-25
40. Application of sampling variance smoothing methods for small area proportion estimation Archived
Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100005
Description: Sampling variance smoothing is an important topic in small area estimation. In this paper, we propose sampling variance smoothing methods for small area proportion estimation. In particular, we consider the generalized variance function and design effect methods for sampling variance smoothing. We evaluate and compare the smoothed sampling variances and small area estimates based on the smoothed variance estimates through analysis of survey data from Statistics Canada. The results from real data analysis indicate that the proposed sampling variance smoothing methods work very well for small area estimation.
Release date: 2024-03-25

Data (10)

Data (10) ((10 results))

1. Social Policy Simulation Database and Model (SPSD/M)
Public use microdata: 89F0002X
Description: The SPSD/M is a static microsimulation model designed to analyse financial interactions between governments and individuals in Canada. It can compute taxes paid to and cash transfers received from government. It is comprised of a database, a series of tax/transfer algorithms and models, analytical software and user documentation.
Release date: 2024-08-26
2. Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer Hub
Data Visualization: 71-607-X2020010
Description: The Canadian Statistical Geospatial Explorer empowers users to discover geo enabled data holdings of Statistics Canada at various levels of geography including at the neighbourhood level. Users are able to visualize, thematically map, spatially explore and analyze, export and consume data in various formats. Users can also view the data superimposed on satellite imagery, topographic and street layers.
Release date: 2024-08-21
3. National Address Register
Profile of a community or region: 46-26-0002
Description: The National Address Register (NAR) is a list of commercial and residential addresses in Canada that are extracted from Statistics Canada's Building Register and deemed non-confidential.
Release date: 2024-06-28
4. PASSAGES microsimulation model
Table: 89-26-0006
Description: PASSAGES is an open-source dynamic microsimulation model aimed at supporting policy analysis and research relating to Canadian retirement income system outcomes at the individual and family level. The publicly available version includes a synthetic starting database, a model, and documentation. A confidential starting database is also available.
Release date: 2024-04-23
5. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
Table: 11-10-0074-01
Geography: Census tract
Frequency: Occasional
Description:
The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

Release date: 2020-06-22
6. Housing Data Viewer Archived
Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019010
Description: The Housing Data Viewer is a visualization tool that allows users to explore Statistics Canada data on a map. Users can use the tool to navigate, compare and export data.
Release date: 2019-10-30
7. Findings of the Canadian Vehicle Fuel Pilot Survey Archived
Table: 53-500-X
Description:
This report presents the results of a pilot survey conducted by Statistics Canada to measure the fuel consumption of on-road motor vehicles registered in Canada. This study was carried out in connection with the Canadian Vehicle Survey (CVS) which collects information on road activity such as distance traveled, number of passengers and trip purpose.
Release date: 2004-10-21
8. National Tourism Indicators, Historical Estimates Archived
Table: 13-220-X
Description: In the 1997 edition, new and revised benchmarks were introduced for 1992 and 1988. The indicators are used to monitor supply, demand and employment for tourism in Canada on a timely basis. The annual tables are derived using the National Income and Expenditure Accounts (NIEA) and various industry and travel surveys. Tables providing actual data and percentage changes, for seasonally adjusted current and constant price estimates are included. In addition, an analytical section provides graphs, and time series of first differences, percentage changes, and seasonal factors for selected indicators. Data are published from 1987 and the publication will be available on the day of release. New data are included in the demand tables for non-tourism commodities produced by non-tourism industries and in the employment tables covering direct tourism employment generated by non-tourism industries. This product was commissioned by the Canadian Tourism Commission to provide annual updates for the Tourism Satellite Account.
Release date: 2003-01-08
9. Historical Statistics of Canada Archived
Table: 11-516-X
Description:
The second edition of Historical statistics of Canada was jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s. The tables are arranged in sections with an introduction explaining the content of each section, the principal sources of data for each table, and general explanatory notes regarding the statistics. In most cases, there is sufficient description of the individual series to enable the reader to use them without consulting the numerous basic sources referenced in the publication.
The electronic version of this historical publication is accessible on the Internet site of Statistics Canada as a free downloadable document: text as HTML pages and all tables as individual spreadsheets in a comma delimited format (CSV) (which allows online viewing or downloading).
Release date: 1999-07-29
10. National Population Health Survey Overview Archived
Table: 82-567-X
Description:
The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is designed to enhance the understanding of the processes affecting health. The survey collects cross-sectional as well as longitudinal data. In 1994/95 the survey interviewed a panel of 17,276 individuals, then returned to interview them a second time in 1996/97. The response rate for these individuals was 96% in 1996/97. Data collection from the panel will continue for up to two decades. For cross-sectional purposes, data were collected for a total of 81,000 household residents in all provinces (except people on Indian reserves or on Canadian Forces bases) in 1996/97.
This overview illustrates the variety of information available by presenting data on perceived health, chronic conditions, injuries, repetitive strains, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, consultations with medical professionals, use of medications and use of alternative medicine.
Release date: 1998-07-29

Analysis (1,893)

Analysis (1,893) (1,880 to 1,890 of 1,893 results)

1,881. Alternative estimators in PPS sampling Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800254835
Description: Some estimators alternative to the usual PPS estimator are suggested in this paper for situations where the size measure used for PPS sampling is not correlated with the study variable and where data are available on another supplementary variable (size measure). Properties of these estimators are studied under super-population models and also empirically.
Release date: 1978-12-15
1,882. Non-response and imputation Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800254830
Description:
The problems of dealing with non-response at various stages of survey planning are discussed with implications for the mean square error, practicality and possible advantages and disadvantages. Conceptual issues of editing and imputation are also considered with regard to complexity and levels of imputation. The methods of imputation include weighting, duplication, and substitution of historical records. The paper includes some methodology on the bias and variance.
Release date: 1978-12-15
1,883. The evolution of a national statistical agency Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800254831
Description:
A chronological account of the development of Canada’s central statistical agency is presented in this paper with emphasis on the importance of adapting the organization to the demands of the times.
Release date: 1978-12-15
1,884. The effect of a two-stage sample design on tests of independence Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154830
Description: When a two-stage sample is used to collect data, the correlations between the sampled units make the ?2 test of independence invalid. Use of the ordinary ?2 tables generally results in a test which is greater than the desired level of significance. The effect of the sample design comes from two main areas: the sample size within PSU’s and the degree to which the characteristics are independent within each PSU. The effect of the sample size within PSU’s is greatest when there is no independence within each PSU, and diminishes as the degree of independence increases.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,885. Approximate tests of independence and goodness of fit based on stratified multi-stage samples Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154831
Description: The impact on linear statistics of the sample design used in obtaining survey data is the subject of much of sampling literature. Recently, more attention has been paid to the design’s impact on non-linear statistics; the major factor inhibiting these investigations has been the problem of estimating at least the first two moments of such statistics. The present article examines the problem of estimating the variances of non-linear statistics from complex samples, in the light of existing literature. The behaviour of the chi-square statistic computed from a complex sample to test hypotheses of goodness of fit or independence is studied. Alternative tests are developed and their properties studied in simulation experiments.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,886. A survey design system for the measurement of truck cargo flows in Peru Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154832
Description: This paper describes a survey design established to measure truck commodity flows in Peru. The article addresses the conceptual and operational features of the survey design as well as describing its elements and implementation techniques in the context of a pilot project. Finally, the paper illustrates how the results of this pilot might be used to design and implement a full-scale national survey.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,887. A comparison of correlated response variance estimates obtained in the 1961, 1971 and 1976 Censuses Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154833
Description: The total variance of a survey estimate incorporates sampling variance, simple response variance and correlated response variance. The last component reflects the part of the total variance due to a common influence on a group of respondents. In the Canadian census, self-enumeration was adopted as the standard method of enumeration in the 1971 Census. One factor in favor of introducing this method was evidence, from the 1961 Census, that correlated response variance made an important contribution to the total variance of census estimates. Based on a study conducted using interpenetration of interviewers, this article compares correlated response variances from the 1961, 1971 and 1976 Censuses. The empirical results demonstrate that although the self-enumeration adopted in the 1971 Census did not completely remove the correlated response variance, this approach has considerably reduced the magnitude of this component of variance for almost all the characteristics examined.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,888. A study of refusal rates to the physical measures component of the Canada Health Survey Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154834
Description: This article presents the findings of an experimental design set up to study the variation in refusal rates to the different modules of the physical measures component of the Canada Health Survey. The study indicated that interviewer teams have a significant impact on refusal rates. Also, a large proportion of the refusals was due to total family refusals rather than individual refusals within responding families.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,889. An estimate of the efficiency of raking ratio estimators under simple random sampling Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154835
Description: Raking ratio estimators give estimates of the population values of characteristics examined on a sample basis utilizing the row and column totals of a contingency table of characteristics examined on a 100% basis. In this paper, the asymptotic variance of the maximum likelihood estimator of a sample characteristic subject to the marginal constraints of the above contingency table is derived. From this, we are able to compute the loss in efficiency of the raking ratio estimators relative to the maximum likelihood estimator in an empirical study.
Release date: 1978-06-15
1,890. The utilization of administrative records for statistical purposes Archived
Articles and reports: 12-001-X197800154829
Description:
This paper advances the case that administrative records are a powerful source of statistics and in support of this conclusion provides an overview of the extensive utilization in Canada of administrative records for statistical purposes. The paper discusses recent developments and the changing environment which are seen as major determinants of both the creation of administrative data bases as well as their utilization. The capabilities of the computer, combined with the extensive demand for statistics and the limited financial resources available to meet that demand, are seen as combining to lead to more extensive use of administrative records. A variety of problems associated with the use of administrative records is specified and the development of strategies to meet these problems and permit utilization of administrative records is described. Recent developments in Canada intended to support the use of administrative records are indicated.
Release date: 1978-06-15

Reference (366)

Reference (366) (0 to 10 of 366 results)

1. Latest Developments in the Canadian Economic Accounts
Notices and consultations: 13-605-X
Description: This product contains articles related to the latest methodological, conceptual developments in the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts as well as the analysis of the Canadian economy. It includes articles detailing new methods, concepts and statistical techniques used to compile the Canadian System of Macroeconomic Accounts. It also includes information related to new or expanded data products, provides updates and supplements to information found in various guides and analytical articles touching upon a broad range of topics related to the Canadian economy.
Release date: 2024-09-23
2. Concepts and Methods Guide for the Indigenous Peoples Survey and Indigenous Peoples Survey – Nunavut Inuit Supplement, 2022
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-653-X2024002
Description: This guide is intended to provide a detailed review of both the 2022 IPS and IPS–NIS with respect to subject matter and methodological approaches. It is designed to help data users by serving as a guide to the concepts and measures of the survey as well as the technical details of the survey’s design, field work and data processing. This guide is meant to provide users with helpful information on how to use and interpret survey results. The discussion on data quality also allows users to review the strengths and limitations of the data for their particular needs.
Chapter 1 of this guide provides an overview of the 2022 IPS and IPS–NIS by introducing the survey background and objectives. Chapter 2 outlines the survey’s themes and explains the key concepts and definitions used for the survey. Chapters 3 to 6 cover important aspects of the survey methodology, sampling design, data collection and processing. Chapters 7 and 8 review issues of data quality and caution users about comparing 2022 IPS or IPS–NIS data with data from other sources. Chapter 9 outlines the survey products available to the public, including data tables, analytical articles and reference material. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of survey indicators, extra coding categories and standard classifications used on both the IPS and the IPS–NIS. Lastly, a glossary of survey terms and information on confidence intervals is also provided.
Release date: 2024-08-14
3. Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-514-G
Description: The Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey contains a dictionary of concepts and definitions, and covers topics such as survey methodology, data collection, processing, and data quality. The guide covers both components of the survey: the job vacancy component, which is quarterly, and the wage component, which is annual.
Release date: 2024-06-18
4. Census of Agriculture: Data quality report
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0007
Description: Census of Agriculture data provide statistical information on farms and farm operators at fine geographic levels and for small subpopulations. Quality evaluation activities are essential to ensure that census data are reliable and that they meet user needs.
This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Census of Agriculture, such as sources of error, error detection, disclosure control methods, data quality indicators, response rates and collection rates.
Release date: 2024-02-06
5. Labour Force Survey Response Rates, September 2023
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-005-M2023001
Description: This document provides information on the evolution of response rates for the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and a discussion of the evaluation of two aspects of data quality that ensure the LFS estimates continue providing an accurate portrait of the Canadian labour market.
Release date: 2023-10-30
6. Sampling and Weighting Technical Report, Census of Population
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-306-X
Description:
This report describes sampling, weighting and estimation procedures used in the Census of Population. It provides operational and theoretical justifications for them, and presents the results of the evaluations of these procedures.
Release date: 2023-10-04
7. Methods for Constructing Life Tables for Canada, Provinces and Territories
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-X
Geography: Canada
Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.
Release date: 2023-08-28
8. Agriculture–Population Linkage: Data quality report
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 32-26-0006
Description: This report provides data quality information pertaining to the Agriculture–Population Linkage, such as sources of error, matching process, response rates, imputation rates, sampling, weighting, disclosure control methods and data quality indicators.
Release date: 2023-08-25
9. Aggregated and derived income concepts and income statistics, 2021 Census of Population
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021011
Description: This video explains the key concepts of different levels of aggregation of income data such as household and family income; income concepts derived from key income variables such as adjusted income and equivalence scale; and statistics used for income data such as median and average income, quartiles, quintiles, deciles and percentiles.
Release date: 2023-03-29
10. Low-income concepts and statistics, 2021 Census of Population
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-20-00032021012
Description: This video builds on concepts introduced in the other videos on income. It explains key low-income concepts - Market Basket Measure (MBM), Low income measure (LIM) and Low-income cut-offs (LICO) and the indicators associated with these concepts such as the low-income gap and the low-income ratio. These concepts are used in analysis of the economic well-being of the population.
Release date: 2023-03-29

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