Education Indicators in Canada: Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program, October 2024

Section A.1: Population size

• Population projections of the Canadian population, for Canada, provinces and territories (x 1,000)
  Data Table
• Population projections of the Indigenous population, for Canada, provinces and territories (x 1,000)
  Data Table

Section A.2: Cultural diversity

• Selected characteristics among the school age population: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table
• Immigrants and non-permanent residents among the school age population: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table
• Visible minorities among the school age population: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table
• Proportion of the school age population with non-official home language: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table
• Proportion of the school age population with Indigenous identity: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table

Section A.3: Low income

• Percentage of the population aged 0 to 24 living in low-income households, by age group and type of living arrangement
  Data Table

Section A.4: Family background

• Household and family characteristics of persons including detailed information on stepfamilies by Indigenous identity and residence by Indigenous geography: Canada, provinces and territories
  Data Table

Section B.1: Total expenditure on education

• Combined public and private expenditure on educational institutions, by level of education
  Data Table
• Indices of change and percentage distribution of combined public and private expenditure on educational institutions, by level of education
  Data Table
• Combined public and private expenditure on education per capita and index of change
  Data Table
• Annual expenditure by educational institutions per student, by educational level, 2018/2019
  Data Table
• Annual expenditure by educational institutions per student, by educational level, 2019/2020
  Data Table
• Annual expenditure by educational institutions per student, by educational level, 2020/2021
  Data Table
• Annual expenditure by educational institutions per student, by educational level, 2021/2022
  Data Table
• Public and private expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by level of education
  Data Table
• Distribution of total and current expenditure by educational institutions, from public and private sources, by level of education
  Data Table

Section B.2: Public and private expenditure on education

• Canadian and international tuition fees by level of study (current dollars)
  Data Table
• Canadian undergraduate tuition fees by field of study (current dollars)
  Data Table
• Canadian graduate tuition fees by field of study (current dollars)
  Data Table
• University revenues by source, as a percentage of total revenue
  Data Table
• University expenditures by type of expenditure
  Data Table
• Percentage distribution of university expenditures by type of expenditure
  Data Table

Section B.3: Student debt

• Percentage of graduates who borrowed from government student loan programs and their average debt at graduation
  Data Table
• Incidence and repayment of government student loans among graduates who did not pursue any further postsecondary education program
  Data Table

Section C.1: Early years and school readiness

For archived indicators pertaining to early years and school readiness, please refer to previous issues of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program.

Section C.2: Elementary-secondary school: enrolments and educators

• Proportion of educators in public elementary and secondary schools by sex
  Data Table
• Proportion of educators in public elementary and secondary schools by age group
  Data Table
• Proportion of educators in public elementary and secondary schools by work status
  Data Table

Section C.3: Elementary-secondary school: on-time and extended-time high school graduation rate

• True cohort high school graduation rate, on-time and extended-time graduation rates, by gender
  Data Table

Section C.4: Student achievement

• Estimated average scores of 15-year-old students for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), by gender and domain
  Data Table
• Estimated average scores and percent distribution of 15-year-old students, reading, by gender and by proficiency level, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada and provinces, 2018
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• Estimated average scores of 15-year-old students, reading assessment, by gender, by reading scale and reading sub-scales, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada and provinces, 2018
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• Estimated average scores and percent distribution of 15-year-old students, science, by gender and by proficiency level, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada and provinces, 2015
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• Estimated average scores of 15-year-old students, science assessment, by gender, by science scale and science sub-scales, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada and provinces, 2015
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• Estimated average scores and percentage distribution of 15-year-old students, mathematics, by proficiency level, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada, provinces and participating countries, 2012
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• Estimated average scores of 15-year-old students, mathematics assessment, by mathematics scale and mathematics sub-scales, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Canada and provinces, 2012
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For further information about the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), please refer to the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada: Programme for International Student Assessment.

• Mean scores of Grade 8 students, Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) reading, science and mathematics assessment
  Data Table
• Mean scores of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) mathematics subdomains assessments
  Data Table
• Percentage distribution, results of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) mathematics assessment, by level of performance
  Data Table
• Mean scores of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) science subdomains assessments
  Data Table
• Percentage distribution, results of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) science assessment, by level of performance
  Data Table
• Mean scores of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) reading subdomains assessments
  Data Table
• Percentage distribution, results of Grade 8 students on the Pan-Canadian Assessment Program (PCAP) reading assessment, by level of performance
  Data Table

Section C.5: Information and communications technologies (ICT)

For archived indicators pertaining to information and communications technologies, please refer to previous issues of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program.

Section C.6: Teachers, the learning environment and the organisation of schools

• Intended instruction time in public institutions, ages 6 through 17, by age
  Data Table
• Organization of teachers' working time, by educational level taught
  Data Table
• Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions, by level of education taught and teaching experience, Canadian dollars
  Data Table
• Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions, by level of education taught and teaching experience, US dollars
  Data Table

Section D.1: Enrolment in postsecondary education

• Apprenticeship programs by age groups, major trade groups, sex and registration status
  Data Table
• Postsecondary enrolments, by registration status, institution type, status of student in Canada and gender
  Data Table
• Proportion of male and female postsecondary enrolments, by registration status, institution type, and status of student in Canada
  Data Table
• Proportion of Canadian and international student enrolments, by International Standard Classification of Education
  Data Table
• Distribution of international student enrolments, by level of tertiary education
  Data Table
• Postsecondary international student enrolments, by International Standard Classification of Education and country of citizenship
  Data Table

Section D.2: Graduation from postsecondary education

• Apprenticeship certifications by age group, major trade group and sex
  Data Table
• Postsecondary graduates, by institution type, status of student in Canada and gender
  Data Table
• Proportion of male and female postsecondary graduates, by institution type and status of student in Canada
  Data Table
• Graduation of career, technical or professional training certificate students, within Canada, by student characteristics
  Data Table
• Proportion of students who started in a career, technical or professional training certificate program and graduated with a different educational qualification, within Canada, by student characteristics
  Data Table
• Persistence and graduation of students in a STEM/ BHASE (non-STEM) grouping other than that of the first enrolment, within Canada, by student characteristics and educational qualification
  Data Table
• Graduation of career, technical or professional training certificate students, within the province or territory of first enrolment, by student characteristics
  Data Table
• Proportion of students who started in a career, technical or professional training certificate program and graduated with a different educational qualification, within the province or territory of first enrolment, by student characteristics
  Data Table
• Graduation of career, technical or professional training certificate students, within the STEM/BHASE (non-STEM) grouping and province or territory of first enrolment, by student characteristics
  Data Table
• Persistence and graduation of students in a STEM/BHASE (non-STEM) grouping other than that of first enrolment, within the province or territory of first enrolment, by student characteristics and educational qualification
  Data Table

For further information about persistence and graduation indicators, please refer to the technical reference guide: Persistence and graduation indicators of postsecondary students, 2011/2012 to 2021/2022.

Section D.3: University educators

• Proportion of full-time teaching staff at Canadian universities, by gender and academic rank
  Data Table
• Number and distribution of full-time academic staff at Canadian universities by age group, gender and province
  Data Table

Section D.4: Research and development

• Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), Canada and provinces, and G-7 countries
  Data Table
• Percentage of total research and development (R&D) expenditure by performing sector, Canada and provinces, and G-7 countries
  Data Table
• Expenditures on Research and Development (R&D), by performing sector (x 1,000,000)
  Data Table
• Sources of funds for expenditures on research and development (R&D) in the higher education sector
  Data Table

Section D.5: Literacy

• Results from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) (2012)
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Section D.6: Educational attainment of the population aged 25 to 64

• Educational attainment of the population aged 25 to 64, by age group and sex, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Canada, provinces and territories
  Data Table
• Highest level of education by census year, Indigenous identity and Registered Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories
  Data Table
• Educational attainment in the population aged 25 to 64, off-reserve Indigenous, non-Indigenous and total population, Canada, provinces and territories
  Data Table
• Highest level of education by census year, visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations
  Data Table

Section D.7: Adult education and training

For archived indicators pertaining to adult education and training, please refer to previous issues of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program.

Section E.1: Transitions to postsecondary education

• Participation rate in postsecondary education, young Canadians between 19 and 23 years of age, by family characteristics measured five years earlier
  Data Table
• Participation rate in education among 15- to 29-year-olds, by age and type of institution attended
  Data Table
• Participation rate in education among 15- to 29-year-olds, by age group and type of institution attended
  Data Table
• Participation rate in education among 18- to 34-year-olds, by age group and type of institution attended
  Data Table

Section E.2: Transitions to the labour market

• Percentage of 15-to 29-year-olds in education and not in education by labour force status, highest level of education attained, age group and sex
  Data Table
• Proportion of students who are working aged 15 to 29, by age and type of institution attended
  Data Table
• Proportion of students who are working, aged 15 to 29, by age group and type of institution attended
  Data Table
• Population, aged 15 to 29, non-students and students by type of institution attended, age and labour force status
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of postsecondary graduates five years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (primary groupings)
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of longitudinal cohorts of postsecondary graduates two and five years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (primary groupings)
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (primary groupings)
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of postsecondary graduates five years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (STEM and BHASE (non-STEM) groupings)
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of longitudinal cohorts of postsecondary graduates two and five years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (STEM and BHASE (non-STEM) groupings)
  Data Table
• Characteristics and median employment income of postsecondary graduates two years after graduation, by educational qualification and field of study (STEM and BHASE (non-STEM) groupings)
  Data Table

For more information about the labour market outcomes indicators for postsecondary graduates, please refer to this technical guide: Labour market outcomes for college and university graduates, 2010 to 2019.

• Median employment income of journeypersons who certify in selected trades, two and five years after certification, cross-sectional analysis
  Data Table
• Median employment income of journeypersons who certify in selected trades at 4 and 2 years before certification, year of certification, 2 and 4 years after certification, longitudinal analysis
  Data Table
• Movements of journeypersons by province or grouped territories of certification (origin) and of residence or employment (destination), one and three years after certification
  Data Table
• Net mobility indicators of newly certified journeypersons, one and three years after certification
  Data Table

For more information on labour market outcome indicators for apprentices, please refer to the technical guides: Earnings indicators for certified journeypersons in Canada, 2020 and Indicators on the interprovincial and territorial mobility of certified journeypersons, 2020.

Section E.3: Labour market outcomes

• Employment rates of 25-to 64-year-olds, by highest level of education attained, age group and sex
  Data Table
• Unemployment rates of population aged 15 and over, total and with Indigenous identity, by educational attainment, Canada
  Data Table
• Unemployment rates of 25- to 29-year-olds, by educational attainment, Canada and provinces
  Data Table
• Average earnings or employment income, by age group and highest certificate, diploma or degree, 2016
  Data Table
• Employment income groups by highest level of education: Canada, provinces and territories, 2021
  Data Table
• Distribution of earners, by highest certificate, diploma or degree and earnings/employment income, 2016
  Data Table
• Employment income statistics by highest level of education and major field of study (summary): Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts, 2021
  Data Table

Section F.1: Reference statistics for use in the calculation of indicators

• Implicit price indexes, gross domestic product, provincial and territorial
  Data Table
• Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted
  Data Table
• Consumer Price Index, monthly, not seasonally adjusted
  Data Table