Census of Population

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The census provides a detailed statistical portrait of Canada and its people by their demographic, social and economic characteristics. This information is important for communities and is vital for planning services such as child care, schooling, family services, and skills training for employment.

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All (4,152) (0 to 10 of 4,152 results)

  • 1. Age pyramids
    Data Visualization: 98-504-X2021001
    Description: Age pyramids are dynamic applications that allow users to see the evolution of the age structure of the Canadian population over a given time period and for selected geographies.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 2. Animated Age Pyramids
    Data Visualization: 98-504-X
    Description: Age pyramids are dynamic applications that allow users to see the evolution of the age structure of the Canadian population over a given time period and for selected geographies.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 3. Census Subdivision Boundary File, Reference Guide
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-G
    Description: This reference guide is intended for users of the Census Subdivisions Boundary File. The guide provides an overview of the file, the general methodology used to create it, and important technical information for users.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 4. Census Subdivision Boundary File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-X
    Description: The Census Subdivision Boundary File contains the boundaries of all census subdivisions which combined cover all of Canada. A census subdivision is a municipality or an area treated as an equivalent to a municipality for statistical purposes (for example, Indian reserves and unorganized territories). The file provides a framework for mapping and spatial analysis using commercially available geographic information systems (GIS) or other mapping software.

    The Census Subdivision Boundary File is portrayed in Lambert conformal conic projection and is based on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). A reference guide is available (92-162-G).

    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 5. Road Network File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-500-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: The Road Network File (RNF) is a digital representation of Canada's national road network, containing information such as street names, types, directions and address ranges. The information comes from the National Geographic Database (NGD).

    A reference guide is available (92-500-G).

    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 6. Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names
    Notices and consultations: 92F0009X
    Description: This report provides a summary of changes to municipal boundaries, status and names. The list is usually produced on an annual basis for changes that occurred during the previous year. A five year list is produced on Census of population years.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 7. Racialized postsecondary Canadian students
    Data Visualization: 71-607-X2024020
    Description: This interactive tool details the characteristics of racialized postsecondary students in Canada. This tool includes information on the number of Canadian students and graduates by population group, educational qualification, field of study, age group, and gender. Data are available at the national, provincial and territorial levels.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 8. Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification, field of study (primary groupings), gender and age
    Table: 37-10-0265-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 - Cannabis primary groupings), gender, and age group.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 9. Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification, field of study (STEM and BHASE (non-STEM) groupings), gender and age
    Table: 37-10-0266-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary graduates by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 - STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics and computer sciences) and BHASE (business, humanities, health, arts, social science and education) groupings), gender and age group.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 10. Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification, field of study (primary groupings), gender and age
    Table: 37-10-0267-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Number of Canadian postsecondary enrolments by visible minority group, educational qualification (Classification of programs and credentials - professional degree variant), field of study (Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016 - Cannabis primary groupings), gender, and age group.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
Data (3,342)

Data (3,342) (20 to 30 of 3,342 results)

  • 21. Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0644-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Population who worked mainly full-time for most of the weeks during the reference year by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 22. Class of worker by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0645-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Class of worker (5B), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Class of worker – variant on self-employed by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 23. Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0646-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree (6A), Gender (3a), Age and first official language spoken (10), Immigrant and generation status (9), Visible minority (15), Percent, Census year (2)
    Description: Legislative and senior management occupations by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status, highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 24. Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0648-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021 and 2016 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Visible minority (15), Gender (3a), Age (6), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (7), Census year (2), Youth not in employment, education or training (1)
    Description: Youth not in education, employment or training by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant and generation status), for the population aged 15 to 29 years old in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 25. Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority, selected sociodemographic characteristics and the census year: Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts
    Table: 98-10-0650-01
    Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area part
    Frequency: Occasional
    Universe: Persons in private households in occupied private dwellings, 2021, 2016 and 2011 censuses — 25% Sample data
    Variable list: Highest certificate, diploma or degree and location of study (24), Gender (3a), Age (15A), First official language spoken (5), Immigrant and generation status (10), Occupation - (NOC) 2016 - Skill-level category (1), Census year (3), Visible minority (15)
    Description: Overqualification (based on skill level C and D) by visible minority and selected characteristics (age group, gender, first official language spoken, immigrant status, period of immigration, generation status and highest certificate, diploma or degree), for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada, geographical regions of Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 26. Census of Population: Public Use Microdata Files
    Public use microdata: 98M0001X
    Description: Census Public Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) provide access to non-aggregated data covering a sample of the Canadian population. It is a comprehensive social, demographic and economic database about Canada, its people, and contains a wealth of characteristics on the population. These files enable the study of individuals, families and households. Geographic identifiers have been restricted to ensure respondents’ anonymity. This comprehensive file is an excellent tool for policy analysts, pollsters, social researchers and anyone interested in modeling and performing statistical regression analysis using Census microdata.

    These products contain the data file, user documentation and license agreements. It is important to note that users will require knowledge of data manipulation packages (or software) such as SAS, SPSS or Stata to use this product.
    Release date: 2024-03-20
  • 27. Special Interest Profile, 2021 Census of Population
    Table: 98-26-0009
    Description: This product presents 2021 Census of Population characteristic data for nine separate profiles of interest, including: age; ethnic origin; first official language; immigration; income distribution by income source; mother tongue; poverty, COVID-19 benefits and high income; religion; and visible minority. Data are available for various levels of geography, including Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, and communities with a 2021 population of 10,000 or greater.
    Release date: 2024-03-20
  • 28. Instruction in the minority official language of eligible school-aged children, by eligibility criterion, age group and level, 2021
    Table: 15-10-0038-01
    Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census subdivision
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description: Number of eligible children aged 5 to 17 years who attended or who never attended an English-language school for residents of Quebec or a French-language school for residents of Canada outside Quebec. The data is presented by eligibility criterion, by age group, and by level for youth aged 12 to 17 years.
    Release date: 2024-03-14
  • 29. Rural Canada Housing Profiles, 2022
    Table: 45-20-00042024003
    Description: The Rural Canada Housing Profiles (RCHP) 2022 provides tables on housing in rural Canada. The tables were developed using data from several Statistics Canada programs: Canadian Housing Statistics Program (2021), Building Permits (2022) and Investment in Building Construction (2022). Information such as structure type (single or multiple residential property), year of construction, size of the building, and construction intentions (building permits issued by municipalities, number of units / value of the building) were used to provide a broader picture of housing stocks, flows and investments in rural and small town communities. The final output is five data tables (residential building permits; investment in residential building construction; residential property characteristics); occupied private dwelling characteristics; and private household characteristics).

    Data are organized geographically at the following levels (where applicable): Canada, provinces or territories, census subdivisions (CSD), and Rural and Small Town (RST) or urban areas of Canada. A CSD is considered to be 'Rural and Small Town (RST)' in the RCHP if it is outside of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMA/CA); otherwise, it is considered to be 'Urban'.
    Release date: 2024-03-01
  • 30. Rural Canada Housing Profiles, residential property characteristics
    Table: 46-10-0077-01
    Geography: Province or territory, Census subdivision
    Frequency: Annual
    Description: This table provides data on counts of residential properties, owner-assessed values, and total living area.
    Release date: 2024-03-01
Analysis (596)

Analysis (596) (40 to 50 of 596 results)

  • 41. Educational portrait of Canada’s farm operators, 2021
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023042
    Description: This infographic looks at the educational attainment of farm operators by field of study, gender and age group. The main data source for this product is the 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage (linkage between the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population).
    Release date: 2023-08-25
  • 42. Portrait of Canada’s immigrant farm population, 2021
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023043
    Description: This infographic looks at various aspects of the immigrant farm population, including mother tongue and places of birth. The main data source for this product is the 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage (linkage between the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population).
    Release date: 2023-08-25
  • 43. Socioeconomic portrait of Canada’s farm population, 2021
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023044
    Description: This infographic looks at the distribution of the Canadian farm population by province, area (rural vs urban), median household income and farm type. The main data source for this product is the 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage (linkage between the Census of Agriculture and the Census of Population).
    Release date: 2023-08-25
  • 44. Changing demographics of racialized people in Canada
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300800001
    Description: In the past few decades, the number of racialized people in Canada has increased at a much faster rate than the population as a whole. This article uses data from the 2001 and 2021 censuses of population to examine population growth and changing demographics of racialized people. The study presents new data for 11 subgroups of the racialized population, their generational composition and changes in their share of people with a mixed racialized–White identity.
    Release date: 2023-08-23
  • 45. Poverty among racialized groups across generations
    Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300800002
    Description: This study uses data from Canada’s 2021 Census of Population to examine the differences between the poverty rates of racialized groups and the White population. The analysis examines whether these differences recede or persist across generations and the extent to which the sociodemographic composition of racialized groups explains these differences.
    Release date: 2023-08-23
  • 46. Education and earnings of Canadian-born Black populations
    Articles and reports: 75-006-X202300100009
    Description: Using data from the 2021 Census, this study examines educational attainment and earnings of the Canadian-born Black population, focusing on three groups: i) those with at least one African-born parent (African-origin); ii) those with at least one Caribbean-born parent (Caribbean-origin); and iii) those whose parents were both born in Canada (Canadian-origin).
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 47. Key facts on the French language in New Brunswick in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023015
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in New Brunswick in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 48. Key facts on the English language in Quebec in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023016
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the English language in Quebec in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in English, whose first official language spoken is English, whose mother tongue is English, and who speak English at home or use English at work. In addition, it contains information on English-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on English spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is English. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 49. Key facts on the French language in Ontario in 2021
    Articles and reports: 89-657-X2023017
    Description: This fact sheet offers an overview of the situation of the French language in Ontario in 2021, along with certain trends observed since 1991. It provides information on the changes in the number and proportion of people in the population who can conduct a conversation in French, whose first official language spoken is French, whose mother tongue is French, and who speak French at home or use French at work. In addition, it contains information on French-language instruction in elementary and secondary schools, on French spoken among recent and established immigrants, as well as on the mobility and place of birth of individuals whose first official language spoken is French. This fact sheet is based on data from the 1991 to 2021 censuses of population, together with the 2011 National Household Survey.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
  • 50. Canadian-born Black populations: Educational attainment and earnings
    Stats in brief: 11-627-M2023048
    Description: This infographic analyzes three different Canadian-born Black populations: those with at least one parent born in Africa, those with at least one parent born in the Caribbean, and those with both parents born in Canada. It looks at how educational attainment differs between the three different Canadian-born Black populations, and how education along with other factors contributes to earnings differences between the different Black populations and between Black and non-Indigenous non-racialized populations.
    Release date: 2023-08-22
Reference (207)

Reference (207) (0 to 10 of 207 results)

  • 1. Census Subdivision Boundary File, Reference Guide
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-G
    Description: This reference guide is intended for users of the Census Subdivisions Boundary File. The guide provides an overview of the file, the general methodology used to create it, and important technical information for users.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 2. Census Subdivision Boundary File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-162-X
    Description: The Census Subdivision Boundary File contains the boundaries of all census subdivisions which combined cover all of Canada. A census subdivision is a municipality or an area treated as an equivalent to a municipality for statistical purposes (for example, Indian reserves and unorganized territories). The file provides a framework for mapping and spatial analysis using commercially available geographic information systems (GIS) or other mapping software.

    The Census Subdivision Boundary File is portrayed in Lambert conformal conic projection and is based on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). A reference guide is available (92-162-G).

    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 3. Road Network File
    Geographic files and documentation: 92-500-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: The Road Network File (RNF) is a digital representation of Canada's national road network, containing information such as street names, types, directions and address ranges. The information comes from the National Geographic Database (NGD).

    A reference guide is available (92-500-G).

    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 4. Interim List of Changes to Municipal Boundaries, Status, and Names
    Notices and consultations: 92F0009X
    Description: This report provides a summary of changes to municipal boundaries, status and names. The list is usually produced on an annual basis for changes that occurred during the previous year. A five year list is produced on Census of population years.
    Release date: 2024-06-26
  • 5. Regional discussion report: Review of First Nations, Métis and Inuit questions on the census
    Notices and consultations: 41-20-0001
    Description: Engagement on the questions used to identify First Nations people, Métis and Inuit that are included on the Census of Population and on other Statistics Canada surveys is an important part of ensuring high quality and meaningful data are collected. The feedback received during these discussions are presented in these reports.
    Release date: 2024-05-29
  • 6. Regional Discussion Report: Review of First Nations, Métis and Inuit questions for the 2026 Census of Population
    Notices and consultations: 41-20-00012024001
    Description: From November 2022 to March 2023 Statistics Canada undertook a series of discussions to obtain feedback on the questions used to identify First Nations people, Métis and Inuit on the Census of Population and on other Statistics Canada surveys. This report summarizes the feedback received during these discussions.
    Release date: 2024-05-29
  • 7. 2026 Census of Population Content Consultation Results: What we heard from Canadians
    Notices and consultations: 92-137-X2024001
    Description: Data from the Census of Population are important for all communities and are vital to plan services that support education, employment, transportation, health care and housing. To maintain the relevance of the census, Statistics Canada evaluates and reviews the census questionnaire content for each census cycle. In preparation for the 2026 Census, Statistics Canada consulted Canadians from fall 2022 to spring 2023. Detailed responses were received from organizations and individuals representing federal, provincial, territorial and local government departments; First Nations people, Métis and Inuit; the general public; academia; special interest groups; and the private sector.

    This report focuses on the findings of the 2026 Census data needs consultation and stakeholder discussions. Chapter 1 explains whom we consulted. Chapter 2 describes the strength of census data users’ needs such as the size of the population of interest. Chapter 3 provides an assessment of the perceived data gaps in census content and the availability and suitability of alternative data sources. Chapter 4 focuses on information needs by census topic and how preparations for the 2024 Census Test will help meet these needs.
    Release date: 2024-04-17
  • 8. Census Program Content Consultation Report
    Notices and consultations: 92-137-X
    Description: User consultation is the first step in determining Census Program content. The findings of content consultations are presented in these reports.
    Release date: 2024-04-17
  • 9. Reference guide on the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada, 2024
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-657-X2024002
    Description: This document presents a complete list of the social inclusion indicators for ethnocultural groups in Canada that are available on the homepage of our Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub. The information provided for each indicator includes a short description of the corresponding derivation, available data sources, reference years and accessible levels of geographical and disaggregation. Each indicator has a corresponding products number (data tables, visualization tools and analytical documents). This document has been updated to reflect the social inclusion indicators and associated products that are available in 2024.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
  • 10. Study on the Underclassification of Children Eligible for Instruction in the Minority Official Language in the 2021 Census
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 98-26-0008
    Description: This report presents the results of a study on the estimated number of children eligible for instruction in the minority official language, pursuant to section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, who were classified as ineligible in the 2021 Census because relationships between family members living at different addresses could not be established within this data source. Using other data sources, including previous censuses and administrative data (such as vital statistics and tax data), we were able to establish these family relationships within the 2021 Census. This report presents the methods and data sources used first, then the results by selected regions and age groups.
    Release date: 2024-03-26
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Census Profile

This profile presents information from the 2011 Census of Population for various levels of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, communities, census tracts and health regions. The profile includes characteristics such as population, age, sex, dwellings, families, marital status and language.

Focus on Geography Series

Focusing on a selected geographic area, this product presents data highlights for each of the major releases of the 2011 Census. These data highlights are presented through text, tables and figures. The geographic levels presented in this product include Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, and census subdivisions with a 2011 Census population greater than or equal to 5,000.

Census Dictionary

The Census Dictionary is a reference document which contains detailed definitions of Census of Population concepts, universes, variables, and geographic terms, as well as historical information.