Employment and unemployment
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
More employment and unemployment indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
20,491,0000.4%(monthly change)
-
6.1%0.0 pts(monthly change)
-
$1,232.444.5%(12-month change)
-
85.6%
-
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)27.7% -
11.7%
-
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)49.8% -
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)5.9% -
99.2%
-
15.4%
Filter results by
Search HelpKeyword(s)
Type
Geography
- Canada (679)
- Province or territory (365)
- Census metropolitan area (140)
- Census metropolitan area part (116)
- Census agglomeration (83)
- Census agglomeration part (74)
- Geographical region of Canada (34)
- Census division (31)
- Census subdivision (21)
- Economic region (21)
- Census tract (6)
- Federal electoral district (1)
- Health region (1)
- Local health integration network (1)
- Peer group (1)
Survey or statistical program
- Census of Population (589)
- Labour Force Survey (373)
- National Household Survey (60)
- Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (37)
- Canadian Survey on Disability (29)
- National Gross Domestic Product by Income and by Expenditure Accounts (25)
- Indigenous Peoples Survey (24)
- Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (17)
- National Graduates Survey (17)
- Postsecondary Student Information System (17)
- Job Vacancy and Wage Survey (16)
- Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database (14)
- Annual Income Estimates for Census Families and Individuals (T1 Family File) (10)
- Longitudinal Immigration Database (10)
- Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (9)
- Youth in Transition Survey (8)
- Corporations Returns Act (7)
- Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (7)
- Workplace and Employee Survey (6)
- Longitudinal Administrative Databank (6)
- Employment Insurance Coverage Survey (6)
- Time Use Survey (6)
- Labour Productivity Measures - Provinces and Territories (Annual) (6)
- Satellite Account of Non-profit Institutions and Volunteering (6)
- Employment Insurance Statistics - Monthly (5)
- Registered Apprenticeship Information System (5)
- Help Wanted Index Survey (4)
- Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component (4)
- Census of Agriculture (4)
- Survey of Household Spending (4)
- Annual Demographic Estimates: Canada, Provinces and Territories (4)
- General Social Survey: Canadians at Work and Home (4)
- Survey of Environmental Goods and Services (3)
- Gross Domestic Product by Industry - National (Monthly) (3)
- Public Sector Employment (3)
- Provincial and Territorial Gross Domestic Product by Income and by Expenditure Accounts (3)
- University and College Academic Staff System - Full-time Staff (3)
- Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (3)
- General Social Survey - Social Identity (3)
- Canadian System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (3)
- Canadian International Merchandise Trade (Customs Basis) (2)
- Consumer Price Index (2)
- Annual Civil Aviation Survey (2)
- Annual Survey on Rail Transportation (2)
- Quarterly Trucking Survey (2)
- National Apprenticeship Survey (2)
- Vital Statistics - Birth Database (2)
- Survey of Consumer Finances (2)
- Survey of Work History (2)
- Survey of Self-employment (2)
- Labour Market Activity Survey (2)
- General Social Survey - Family (2)
- Programme for International Student Assessment (2)
- National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (2)
- Annual Head Office Survey (2)
- Trade by Exporter Characteristics - Goods (2)
- Canadian Income Survey (2)
- Trade by Importer Characteristics - Goods (2)
- Emergency and recovery benefits (2)
- United States Statistics (2)
- General Social Survey Historical Database (2)
- Business Register (1)
- Waste Management Industry Survey: Government Sector (1)
- National Tourism Indicators (1)
- Biennial Waste Management Survey (1)
- Annual Survey of Manufacturing and Logging Industries (1)
- Retail Trade Survey (Monthly) (1)
- Financial and Taxation Statistics for Enterprises (1)
- Estimates of Labour Income (1)
- Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Man-hours (1)
- Survey of Financial Security (1)
- Annual Survey of Telecommunications (1)
- Trucking Commodity Origin and Destination Survey (1)
- Annual Trucking Survey (1)
- Annual Passenger Bus and Urban Transit Survey (1)
- Stock and Consumption of Fixed Non-residential Capital (1)
- Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (1)
- Annual Survey of Service Industries: Heritage Institutions (1)
- Survey of Earned Doctorates (1)
- International Travel Survey: Electronic questionnaires and Air Exit Survey (1)
- Private nursing and residential care facilities (1)
- Courts Resources, Expenditures and Personnel Survey (1)
- Current Population Profile (1)
- Survey of Union Membership (1)
- Adult Education and Training Survey (1)
- Households and the Environment Survey (1)
- Changes in Employment Survey (1)
- Public Service Employee Survey (1)
- General Social Survey - Caregiving and Care Receiving (1)
- Labour Productivity Measures - National (Quarterly) (1)
- Information and Communications Technologies in Schools Survey (1)
- Population projections on immigration and diversity for Canada and its regions (1)
- Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (1)
- Access and Support to Education and Training Survey (1)
- Survey of Innovation and Business Strategy (1)
- Activities of Foreign Majority-Owned Affiliates in Canada (1)
- Survey of Postsecondary Faculty and Researchers (1)
- Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) (1)
- Survey on Quality of Employment (1)
- Labour Market Indicators (1)
- Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (1)
Results
All (1,805)
All (1,805) (0 to 10 of 1,805 results)
- Articles and reports: 89-654-X2024001Description: This article is the first main release by Statistics Canada based on findings from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD). It is divided into three sections—demographics, employment, and income—and provides a general snapshot on persons with disabilities to inform on government priorities and community interest in the areas of disability prevalence, labour market participation, and income inequality. Where possible, the report will be compared with results from the 2017 CSD to provide insight into changes over the past five years.Release date: 2024-05-28
- 2. Employment in the environmental and clean technology products sector by demographic characteristicTable: 36-10-0691-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: National data on employment in the environmental and clean technology products sector by type of worker and by demographic characteristic. This includes full-time employment and part time employment, and it includes gender, age, level of education, immigration status, indigenous identity and visible minority status by environmental and clean technology products group. Variables of interest include number of jobs, hours worked, wages and salaries as well as average hourly wage.Release date: 2024-05-28
- Table: 36-10-0692-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: National data on employment in the environmental and clean technology products sector by demographic characteristic. This includes gender, age, level of education, immigration status, indigenous identity and visible minority status by industry. Variables of interest include number of jobs, hours worked, wages and salaries as well as average hourly wage.Release date: 2024-05-28
- Table: 36-10-0693-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: National data on employment in the environmental and clean technology products sector, by gender, age, and demographic characteristic. This includes level of education, immigration status, indigenous identity and visible minority status by environmental and clean technology products group. Variables of interest include number of jobs, hours worked, wages and salaries as well as average hourly wage.Release date: 2024-05-28
- Table: 36-10-0694-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription: National data on employment per occupation (National Occupation Classification) in the environmental and clean technology products sector by demographic characteristic. This includes level of education, immigration status, indigenous identity and visible minority status. Variables of interest include number of jobs, hours worked, wages and salaries as well as average hourly wage.Release date: 2024-05-28
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400500004Description: The impact of immigration on the destination country is contingent not only on the number of immigrants admitted but also on how many of them choose to stay and actively engage in the labour market. This article analyzes the active presence of adult immigrants since the 1990s. Active presence refers to the extent to which immigrants who were admitted to Canada during a specific period actively engage in Canadian society within a specific timeframe.Release date: 2024-05-22
- Table: 36-10-0489-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription: Labour statistics by job category, for Canada, the provinces and territories, annual.Release date: 2024-05-21
- Table: 36-10-0675-01Geography: Province or territory, Economic regionFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Labour statistics consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA), by economic regions, job category and work schedule.
Release date: 2024-05-21 - Table: 36-10-0676-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Labour statistics consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA), by industry, job category and work schedule.
Release date: 2024-05-21 - Data Visualization: 71-607-X2023001Description: This interactive dashboard allows users to examine financial and employment variables for enterprises aggregated at the industry and industry aggregation level, as well as at the provincial, territorial and regional level.
Financial statistics are based on the Financial and Taxation Statistics for Enterprises product (survey 2510) and are calculated to the province and territory level using employment allocation factors based on profiled data from the Business Register and administrative data from the Canada Revenue Agency T4 Supplemental file.
The employment data has been aggregated at the industry and industry aggregation level, using the annual provincial program of Canadian Productivity Accounts (survey 5103) which produces annual data on jobs by province and territory.
Release date: 2024-05-13
- Previous Go to previous page of All results
- 1 (current) Go to page 1 of All results
- 2 Go to page 2 of All results
- 3 Go to page 3 of All results
- 4 Go to page 4 of All results
- 5 Go to page 5 of All results
- 6 Go to page 6 of All results
- 7 Go to page 7 of All results
- ...
- 181 Go to page 181 of All results
- Next Go to next page of All results
Data (915)
Data (915) (60 to 70 of 915 results)
- Table: 14-10-0379-01Geography: Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and census metropolitan area, last 5 months.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0380-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by census metropolitan area. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0380-02Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census metropolitan area partFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by census metropolitan area. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0383-01Geography: Census metropolitan areaFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver census metropolitan areas. Data are presented for 12 months earlier, previous month and current month, as well as year-over-year and month-to-month level change and percentage change. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-tomonth change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0383-02Geography: Census metropolitan areaFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment), unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver census metropolitan areas, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate, the standard error of the month-to-month change and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - 66. Labour force characteristics, three-month moving average, unadjusted for seasonality, last 5 monthsTable: 14-10-0387-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Economic regionFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0387-02Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Economic regionFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of persons in the labour force (employment and unemployment) and not in the labour force, unemployment rate, participation rate and employment rate by economic region, last 5 months. Data are also available for the standard error of the estimate and the standard error of the year-over-year change.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0388-01Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Economic regionFrequency: MonthlyDescription:
Number of employees by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), province and economic region, last 5 months.
Release date: 2024-05-10 - Table: 14-10-0397-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: MonthlyDescription: Labour force characteristic estimates by age group, sex, family age composition, province, and family type, last 5 months.Release date: 2024-05-10
- Table: 14-10-0401-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: MonthlyDescription: Labour force characteristic estimates by detailed Indigenous group, region, age group, and sex.Release date: 2024-05-10
- Previous Go to previous page of Data results
- 1 Go to page 1 of Data results
- ...
- 5 Go to page 5 of Data results
- 6 Go to page 6 of Data results
- 7 (current) Go to page 7 of Data results
- 8 Go to page 8 of Data results
- 9 Go to page 9 of Data results
- ...
- 92 Go to page 92 of Data results
- Next Go to next page of Data results
Analysis (830)
Analysis (830) (580 to 590 of 830 results)
- 581. Provincial economies and the culture sector ArchivedArticles and reports: 87-004-X20030017815Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
This article estimates and analyses the economic impact of the culture sector on the economy of Canada's provinces. It measures the contribution of the culture sector to provincial employment and gross domestic product (GDP).
Release date: 2005-04-07 - 582. Recent changes in the labour market ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-010-X20050037803Geography: CanadaDescription:
Job growth has shifted from high tech and autos in the 1990s to housing, resources and retailing so far this decade. This change in demand has profound implications for where jobs are located and the type of occupational and educational skills required. Meanwhile, labour supply has been increasingly met by older workers, as the population ages and formerly slow-growth industries no longer push workers out of the labour force.
Release date: 2005-03-17 - 583. Self-employment activity of rural Canadians ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-008-X20040047777Geography: CanadaDescription:
Self-employment is more common in rural than urban Canada. In 2001, about one in four workers in rural areas, villages and small towns earned at least some of their income from self-employment, compared with only one in six in Canada as a whole. Of course, farming is a key element explaining high self-employment rates in rural and small town Canada. But although farm self-employment remains a key source of income and employment for many, its importance has declined and self-employment activity on the non-farm side has been increasing rapidly.
The forces driving self-employment in smaller labour markets may be complex, but there is no doubt that entrepreneurship is thriving in rural Canada, despite the waning importance of farm self-employment. This article uses data from the Census of Population to describe non-farm self-employment among workers aged 20 to 64 living in Canada's rural areas and small towns.
Release date: 2005-03-08 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2005241Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the effect of ethnic neighbourhoods on wage growth as well as other labour market outcomes of immigrant men in Canada using the 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996 Censuses. While the primary measure of affiliation is country of birth, ethnicity, language and visible minority status are also examined to determine the robustness of the findings. Consistent with U.S. findings, ethnic neighbourhoods based on country of birth are found to have a negative impact on the ten-year wage growth of immigrants. Further, the model for wage growth is found to be robust to different lengths of time and different base years as well as the specification of language and ethnicity as the affiliation grouping. Using country of birth as the affiliation index, exposure is also found to have a negative impact on the growth of total and weekly earnings as well as the initial wages of entry cohorts. While little evidence is found on the effects of ethnic neighbourhoods on changes in employment, a negative effect of exposure is found on entry employment rates of the most recent landing cohorts. Although the overall effect of ethnic neighbourhoods on wage growth is negative, ethnic neighbourhoods are found to have a divergent effect on different landing cohorts, having a positive impact on the wage growth of the more recent cohorts and a negative impact on earlier cohorts.
Release date: 2005-02-25 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2005002Geography: CanadaDescription:
This bulletin investigates the spatial distribution of occupational structure and its change between 1991 and 2001.
Release date: 2005-02-24 - 586. Tourism Employment in Rural Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2004008Geography: CanadaDescription:
This bulletin examines the growth in tourism employment in rural Canada over the period 1996 to 2003.
Release date: 2005-01-07 - 587. Employment trends in nursing ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200411113130Geography: CanadaDescription:
Nurses make up the largest proportion of health workers in Canada. However, these days they are under increasing pressure. Their average age has increased, enrolment in nursing programs declined during the 1990s, and employment of lower-paid unregulated workers has increased. A look at employment trends between 1987 and 2003 for registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nurse aides and orderlies.
Release date: 2004-12-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2004234Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article analyses the relationship between the quality of education that immigrants received in their home country, as measured by international test scores, and their success in the Canadian labour market.
Release date: 2004-12-15 - 589. Consumer Holiday Shopping Patterns ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-621-M2004019Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study examines the effect of Christmas shopping on retail sales and employment during the months of November, December and January. The analysis focusses on stores registering significantly increased activity during the holiday season. These stores were grouped by the relative expensiveness of their most popular offerings during this period. This study uses data from the Monthly Retail Trade Survey and the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours.
Release date: 2004-12-09 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2004006Geography: CanadaDescription:
In this bulletin, each industry is examined to assess the differences in occupational skill intensity between rural and urban Canada.
Release date: 2004-11-29
- Previous Go to previous page of Analysis results
- 1 Go to page 1 of Analysis results
- ...
- 57 Go to page 57 of Analysis results
- 58 Go to page 58 of Analysis results
- 59 (current) Go to page 59 of Analysis results
- 60 Go to page 60 of Analysis results
- 61 Go to page 61 of Analysis results
- ...
- 83 Go to page 83 of Analysis results
- Next Go to next page of Analysis results
Reference (57)
Reference (57) (20 to 30 of 57 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 92-389-XDescription:
This report contains basic conceptual and data quality information intended to facilitate the use and interpretation of census industry data. It provides an overview of the industry processing cycle, including elements such as regional processing, edit and imputation, and the tabulation of error rates. Notable changes in the industrial classification structure are discussed as well as differences in the coding procedures from the previous census (1996). The report concludes with summary tables that indicate the level of data quality in the 2001 Census industry data.
Release date: 2004-05-04 - 22. Youth in Transition Survey - Project Overview ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-588-XDescription:
The Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) is a longitudinal survey designed to provide policy-relevant information about school-work transitions and factors influencing pathways. YITS will provide vehicle for future research and analysis of major transitions in young people's lives, particularly those between education, training and work. Information obtained from, and research based on, the survey will help clarify the nature and causes of short and long-term challenges young people face in school-work transitions and support policy planning and decision making to help prevent or remedy these problems.
Objectives of the Youth in Transition Survey were developed after an extensive consultation with stakeholders with an interest in youth and school-work transitions. Content includes measurement of major transitions in young people's lives including virtually all formal educational experiences and most labour-market experiences. Factors influencing transitions are also included family background, school experiences, achievement, aspirations and expectations, and employment experiences.
The implementation plan encompasses a longitudinal survey for each of two age cohorts, to be surveyed every two years. Data from a cohort entering at age 15 will permit analysis of long-term school-work transition patterns. Data from a cohort entering at ages18-20 will provide more immediate, policy-relevant information on young adults in the labour market.
Cycle one for the cohort aged 15 will include information collected from youth, their parents, and school principals. The sample design is a school-based frame that allows the selection of schools, and then individuals within schools. This design will permit analysis of school effects, a research domain not currently addressed by other Statistics Canada surveys. Methods of data collection include a self-completed questionnaire for youth and school principals, a telephone interview with parents, and assessment of youth competency in reading, science and mathematics as using self-completed test booklets provided under the integration of YITS with the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). A pilot survey was conducted in April 1999 and the main survey took place in April-May 2000. Interviews were conducted with 30,000 students aged 15 from 1,000 schools in Canada. A telephone interview with parents of selected students took place in June 2000.
The sample design for the cohort aged 18-20 is similar to that of the Labour-Force survey. The method of data collection is computer-assisted telephone interviewing. The pilot survey was conducted in January 1999. In January-February 2000, 23, 000 youth participated in the main survey data collection.
Data from both cohorts is expected to be available in 2001. Following release of the first international report by the OECD/PISA project and the first national report, data will be publically available, permitting detailed exploration of content themes.
Release date: 2001-04-11 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1996005Description:
This paper examines a new variable which would show whether a person's job is related to his or her postsecondary education. This variable would help to explain other characteristics measured in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), such as wages, supervisory roles, and job stability.
Release date: 1997-12-31 - 24. Another measure of employment ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-001-X19960042907Geography: CanadaDescription:
The employment/population ratio is a good barometer of the state of the economy and an important though little-used labour market indicator. This article takes a look at the ratio's strengths and limitations, as well as its variation since 1946. Provincial and international comparisons are included.
Release date: 1996-12-03 - 25. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) Content Evaluation, the Authority Series: Supervision and Management ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993009Description:
This paper presents an analysis of the questions in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) relating to supervision and management. It uses data collected in January 1993.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11F0019M1995083Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the robustness of a measure of the average complete duration of unemployment in Canada to a host of assumptions used in its derivation. In contrast to the average incomplete duration of unemployment, which is a lagging cyclical indicator, this statistic is a coincident indicator of the business cycle. The impact of using a steady state as opposed to a non steady state assumption, as well as the impact of various corrections for response bias are explored. It is concluded that a non steady state estimator would be a valuable compliment to the statistics on unemployment duration that are currently released by many statistical agencies, and particularly Statistics Canada.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 27. Standard Occupational Classification ArchivedClassification: 12-565-XDescription:
The Standard Occupational Classification provides a systematic classification structure to identify and categorize the entire range of occupational activity in Canada. This up-to-date classification is based upon, and easily related to, the National Occupational Classification. It consists of 10 broad occupational categories which are subdivided into major groups, minor groups and unit groups. Definitions and occupational titles are provided for each unit group. An alphabetical index of the occupational titles classified to the unit group level is also included.
Release date: 1993-08-23 - 28. Alternative measures of unemployment ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75-001-X1992004140Geography: CanadaDescription:
This study illustrates quarterly trends in unemployment rates based on alternative measures. By all of the indicators studies there was an overall increase in unemployment during the early 1990s.
Release date: 1992-12-01 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 1713Description: The objective of this program is to provide data on employment (number of employees, wages and salaries) in the public sector, i.e. the federal, provincial, territorial and local general governments, health and social service institutions, universities, colleges, vocational and trade institutions, school boards, and government business enterprises.
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 2603Description: This survey is an establishment census survey designed to gather data on employment, payrolls and paid-hours from larger employers (companies or establishments of 20 or more employees).
- Previous Go to previous page of Reference results
- 1 Go to page 1 of Reference results
- 2 Go to page 2 of Reference results
- 3 (current) Go to page 3 of Reference results
- 4 Go to page 4 of Reference results
- 5 Go to page 5 of Reference results
- 6 Go to page 6 of Reference results
- Next Go to next page of Reference results
- Date modified: